Climate change profoundly alters land use in alpine regions, and delving into the evolutionary characteristics of these changes is crucial for the sustainable development of regional land resources and the gradual enhancement of the ecological environment. Taking the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow River (SRYAYE) as a case study, we integrate permafrost and snowfall data into the Future Land Use Simulation model (FLUS). Analyzing historical land use, we predict and simulate the land use scenarios for 2030, 2035, and 2060 under SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 climates, and conduct a detailed analysis of the scale, composition, and pattern of land use in this area. Scale. The results showed that ① the Kappa coefficient of the improved FLUS model was higher than 0.927, and that the overall accuracy of the simulation was increased by 2.64%; ② the area of forest land and the high-coverage grassland will increase in the future and the center of gravity will migrate to the west, and that the area of moderate and low-coverage grassland will slightly decrease but tend to become green to the west; and ③ the fragmentation degree of the SRYAYE is decreasing, and the influence of human activities on the landscape pattern is weaker than in the past.

The source region of the Yellow River (SRYR) is continuously affected by climate change and human activities, and water security problems have long existed and are constantly changing, with the possibility of inducing a series of new risks. To diagnose the above problems and clarify their evolution features, based on the connotation of water security and its involved dimensions, this paper systematically reviews the relevant research results on water security in the SRYR, summarizes the water security problems and their evolution trend in the region from three aspects: water disasters, water ecology, and water supply security, and deeply analyzes the cascade effect of each water security problem. This paper provides a scientific basis for carrying out water disaster prevention and ecological restoration in the SRYR, which is conducive to optimizing the development and utilization of water resources in the context of adapting to climate change.

For a comprehensive response to climate change and low carbon development mode, the 3S-based regional terrestrial carbon cycle model in Luanhe basin is constructed in accordance with componentbased development strategy to identify carbon cycle evolution of terrestrial ecosystem under the background of local changes, combining measured weather data, prototype observation data of soil and plants as well as remote-sensing information in different spatial and temporal scales. The model has the ability of describing canopy fluxes, net primary productivity, biomass allocation and turnover, mortality, decomposition of soil organic matter and other dynamic processes. The carbon cycle evolution in Luanhe Basin from 1995 to 2010 is simulated and analyzed. The results are shown as follows: 1) in the temporal scale, inter-annual change of leaf area index with a slight growth trend is larger than that of net primary productivity (NPP), ground and underground biomass and soil carbon content; 2) There are obvious regional differences in spatial view, spatial distribution of results are consistent with those of watershed plant and soil, displaying the characteristics that the above major variables of mountainous regions in middle-upper reaches are greater than those of grassland meadows in the upstream and plains in the downstream.