(1) Objective: This scoping review evaluates the effects of miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) on different regions of the upper airway in adult patients and investigates various methods of measurement. (2) Methods: The search encompassed Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science. This review was conducted following the PRISMA_ScR guidelines, and the inclusion criteria for examined studies were chosen in accordance with the PICOS framework. (3) Results: Seven studies were included in this review, comprising four retrospective studies, one prospective and two case reports. All studies involved the use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) for measurements of the areas of interest. The percentage of increase in the volume of the nasal cavity varied between 31% and 9.9%, depending on the study. Volumetric variations in the nasopharynx were reported as increases between T0 (before expansion) and T1 (immediately after expansion) of 6.4%, 20.7% and 14.1%. All studies considered T0 before expansion and T1 immediately after expansion. Only one study evaluated remote follow-up to assess if the results were maintained after one year. (4) Conclusions: MARPE appears to lead to a statistically significant increase in the upper airway, especially in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx immediately after expansion. However, further prospective and retrospective trails with long-term controls are required to verify the effects of MARPE on the upper airway.

This study aims to assess the presence and progression of TMD in adult patients undergoing orthognathic surgery to correct dentoskeletal open bite and evaluate whether these changes can be attributed to the intervention. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 44 adult patients (14 males and 30 females) aged 18 to 43 years. Articular assessments were performed to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health and functionality before (T0) and after (T1) combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. TMJ health was assessed by maximum mouth opening, joint noises, parafunctions (bruxism or clenching), joint locking, TMJ pain, masticatory muscle pain, and headaches. Statistical analyses used McNemar’s Exact Test and paired T-tests. The study shows a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in symptoms, except for locking, with the most substantial decrease in headaches (p = 0.0001). Overall, articular symptoms markedly decreased post-surgery, with sustained joint functionality. Restoring physiological occlusion in patients with anterior open bite is crucial for maintaining the stomatognathic system’s balance. Orthognathic surgery, when indicated, appears beneficial in alleviating articular symptoms while preserving TMJ function.