Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is a complex disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is usually performed in order to achieve loco-regional radical resection; although its importance in the multidisciplinary approach to LABC is well recognized, a small number of patients show Progressive Disease (PD). No standard salvage treatment (ST) has been defined and different strategies can be adopted, such as second-line systemic therapies, radiation therapy, and surgery. Herein, a case of LABC in PD during NAC is reported with a literature review, with the aim of highlighting the importance of a tailored multidisciplinary treatment for each patient.

Background/Objectives: In the setting of breast surgery, indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) allows estimating the perfusion of cutaneous tissues during surgical interventions, in order to reduce vascularization-related complications. This study has a dual objective: to evaluate the correlation between preoperative factors and the level of skin vascularization, measured by ICGA, in patients undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy for breast cancer; and to establish any relationship between low intraoperative vascularization and the onset of postoperative complications. Methods: This is a preliminary, non-randomized, prospective clinical study that includes 46 female patients undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy with reconstruction for breast cancer between February 2022 and July 2024. The relationship between vascularization and the following preoperative variables was assessed: smoking, previous breast surgeries, prior radiotherapy, neoadjuvant or prior chemotherapy/anti-Her2 therapy, and the thickness of breast subcutaneous tissue evaluated through mammography. For the analysis, three ICGA procedures were performed, using 0.125 mg/kg of indocyanine green (ICG) for each procedure before the surgical incision (V1), at the end of the demolition phase (V2), and at the end of the reconstruction phase (V3). The results of this analysis were finally correlated with the occurrence of any postoperative complications. Results: Vascularization was conventionally classified as “low” and “good” using a cutoff of 33%. Previous surgeries on the ipsilateral breast and neoadjuvant or prior chemotherapy/anti-Her2 therapy were found to be predictive factors of “low” vascularization (p = 0.031). Patients with “low” vascularization at time V3 showed a significantly higher risk of developing complications (p = 0.038). Incision length emerged as an independent predictor of complications, with a 23% increase in risk per additional centimeter (p = 0.006), independent of perfusion level. Conclusions: This study supports the use of ICGA as a useful tool to improve outcomes in patients undergoing subcutaneous mastectomy with prosthetic reconstruction for breast cancer. The results of this preliminary work are encouraging, and recruiting a larger number of patients could provide more significant data.

Background/Aim: Preoperative planning in oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery requires synthesizing patient- and tumor-specific variables with aesthetic considerations. Variability in documentation and expertise may hinder reproducibility across centers. Large language models (LLMs) can process structured data into consistent outputs. We assessed whether a prompt-engineered artificial intelligence (AI) assistant (BREAST AI-PLAN) could replicate multidisciplinary team (MDT) decisions and aesthetic scores from routinely collected clinical data. Patients and Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 30 women undergoing breast cancer surgery. Each case was recorded in a standardized form covering demographics, comorbidities, breast anatomy, tumor biology, and staging. This form was used to generate structured prompts for the AI assistant. The AI returned eight outputs: 1) neoadjuvant therapy suitability; 2) planned surgery; 3) surgical approach; 4) reconstruction type; 5) direct-to-implant feasibility; 6) implant type; 7) adjuvant therapy; and 8) an aesthetic score (BCCT.core-aligned). Clinical MDT decisions were the reference standard. Agreement was measured using Cohen’s κ, with linear and quadratic weights for aesthetics. Results: Mean age was 59.2±9.8 years; median body mass index (BMI) 24.2 (20.9-26.8). One patient carried a BRCA2 mutation; 13.3% had prior radiotherapy; 33.3% were smokers. Tumors were mainly Luminal A (43.3%) and Luminal B (26.7%). Agreement was very good for neoadjuvant therapy (κ=0.91; observed 96.7%) and good/moderate for planned surgery (κ=0.58; observed 70.0%), surgical approach (κ=0.43; observed 60.0%), reconstruction (κ=0.36; observed 57.1%), and adjuvant therapy (κ=0.29; observed 64.3%). Aesthetic scoring showed high observed concordance (0.778-0.896) but only slight weighted κ (0.14-0.16). Conclusion: BREAST AI-PLAN reproduced MDT planning elements and aesthetic assessments with moderate-to-very-good agreement. Transparent, auditable AI assistance may standardize surgical planning and support training. Prospective validation with imaging integration is warranted.

Background: Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) has proven to be an effective intervention in preventing postoperative complications across a range of surgical specialties, including orthopedics, vascular, and abdominal surgery. This study aimed to assess the prophylactic use of NPWT dressing compared to the Standard of Care (SOC) in high-risk patients undergoing oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery. Materials and Methods: This preliminary case-control study included 23 high-risk patients, enrolled between September 2023 and February 2024, at San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa. High-risk patients were defined as those with one or more of the following risk factors: obesity, prior radiotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, smoking history, diabetes, or corticosteroid use. The surgical procedures evaluated in this study included mastectomy with immediate implant-based breast reconstruction, reduction mammoplasty, and oncoplastic breast surgery following local excision or quadrantectomy. NPWT dressing was applied immediately after skin closure in the operating room, replaced after 2–3 days, and removed 7 days post-procedure. Surgical outcomes assessed included skin flap necrosis, wound dehiscence, infection, implant loss, and delays in adjuvant therapy. Results: A total of 23 patients, aged 45 to 57 years, were enrolled. Eleven patients received NPWT dressing, while twelve were treated with SOC. No complications occurred in the NPWT dressing group, whereas four complications were observed in the SOC group. Of the control group, three patients developed infections, which were treated with oral antibiotics for two, while one required implant replacement surgery. The remaining patient in the control group experienced wound dehiscence, which was successfully managed conservatively on an outpatient basis. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings suggest that prophylactic NPWT dressing in oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgery results in a significantly lower rate of wound-related complications. Although this is a preliminary study, it provides a foundation for further research in a larger cohort. These results also prompt a discussion of the cost-effectiveness of NPWT dressing relative to the SOC, given its higher cost.

Breast metastasis originating from a primary lung tumor is exceedingly rare and can present challenges in distinguishing it from primary breast cancer. This case report discusses the management of a 64-year-old woman who initially presented with a nodule in her left breast. A biopsy revealed an infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Despite negative BRCA genetic testing, her significant family history of cancer and the presence of a newly detected right breast lesion led to a bilateral mastectomy. Post-operative imaging identified multiple hypodense nodules and a spiculated pulmonary nodule, necessitating further investigation. An endoscopic lung biopsy confirmed a primary pulmonary carcinoma with histological features similar to the breast carcinoma, suggesting the lung as the primary source. This case highlights the complexity of differentiating breast metastasis originating from a lung tumor and primary breast cancer. It underscores the importance of comprehensive diagnostic evaluations and the consideration of extramammary origins in metastatic cases. The findings emphasize the role of multidisciplinary teams in managing such rare and challenging cases and highlight the necessity for thorough and repeated assessments in atypical breast cancer presentations.

Post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that may occur after surgical procedures, mimicking a wound infection. Early recognition is crucial to prevent unnecessary debridement and worsening of lesions due to pathergy. We report the case of a 67-year-old woman who underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy for invasive breast carcinoma with immediate reconstruction using a tissue expander. In the early postoperative period, she developed an extensive sterile necrotic–ulcerative inflammation of the left breast, unresponsive to broad-spectrum antibiotics and repeated surgical revisions. Histopathology revealed an aseptic neutrophilic infiltrate, confirming the diagnosis of post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum. The patient responded favorably to high-dose corticosteroid therapy, achieving complete wound healing and definitive reconstruction with a TRAM flap. This case highlights the importance of considering post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory postoperative complications in breast oncology surgery. Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of immunosuppressive therapy within a multidisciplinary approach are key to preserving tissues and ensuring optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.