Based on acoustic fluid elements, a dynamic analysis of liquid sloshing modes and liquid-filled containers was undertaken, considering the effect of fluid–structure interactions (FSIs). The liquid sloshing modes in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) containers were analyzed, and the results were compared with liquid sloshing modes measured in tests and theoretically calculated modes. This finding thus verifies the correctness of the simulation method based on acoustic fluid elements. Cylindrical liquid-filled containers with different water levels were subjected to a modal analysis and dynamic and time-history analysis. The results show that the finite element analysis (FEA) based on acoustic fluid elements can accurately simulate liquid sloshing modes in liquid-filled containers, as well as the vibration characteristics of these containers with different liquid levels. The vibration frequency of liquid-filled containers decreases with rising liquid levels. The liquid level significantly affects the distribution of the maximum displacement, maximum acceleration, and maximum von Mises stress on the sidewall of liquid-filled containers. Numerical simulations based on acoustic fluid elements provide an effective and reliable method for dynamic analysis of liquid-filled containers considering the effect of FSIs.

Based on acoustic fluid elements, dynamic analysis was performed on liquid sloshing modes and liquid-filled containers considering the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) effect. The liquid sloshing modes in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) containers were analyzed, and the results were compared with liquid sloshing modes measured in tests and theoretically calculated modes. This thus verifies correctness of the simulation method based on acoustic fluid elements. Cylindrical liquid-filled containers with different water levels were subjected to modal analysis and dynamic and time-historical analysis. Results show that the finite element analysis (FEA) based on acoustic fluid elements can accurately simulate liquid sloshing modes in liquid-filled containers and vibration characteristics of these containers with different liquid levels. The vibration frequency of liquid-filled containers declines obviously with rising liquid level. The liquid level significantly affects distributions of the maximum displacement, maximum acceleration, and maximum von Mises stress on the sidewall of liquid-filled containers. Numerical simulations based on acoustic fluid elements provides an effective and reliable method for dynamic analysis of liquid-filled containers considering the FSI effect.

Shape memory alloy dampers (SMADs) are widely applied in structural vibration control due to their excellent superelastic properties. However, there has been no research on the random wind-induced vibration control of transmission tower-line (TTL) systems with added SMADs. To address this gap, this paper proposes an analytical framework for the wind-induced vibration control of TTL systems with SMADs under random wind loads. An analytical model for the coupled TTL system is developed. The constitutive relationship of the SMAD is derived using the statistical linearization method, and a vibration control approach for the TTL-coupled system with SMADs is proposed. The vibration response of the TTL–SMAD system under random wind loads is derived, and an extreme response analysis framework based on the first exceedance failure criterion is established. The results show that the optimal installation scheme for the SMAD achieves a vibration reduction of more than 30%. When the damper’s stiffness coefficient is approximately 1, the SMAD effectively controls the vibrations. Moreover, a service temperature of 0 °C is found to be the optimal control temperature for the SMAD. These findings provide important references for the application of SMADs in the vibration control of TTL systems.

This study addresses a fundamental shortcoming in conventional dynamic stability analyses of space trusses: traditional rod elements or unsegmented beam models fail to capture member buckling under severe seismic excitation, often mischaracterizing structural failure modes, namely mistaking collapse due to instability for mere loss of loadbearing capacity. To overcome this limitation, we propose a multi-segment beam numerical method that discretizes each member into multiple segments enhanced with high order shape functions. Validation through modal analyses of simply supported beams, isolated space trusses, and space truss–frame systems reveals that while conventional unsegmented beam models accurately predict low order vibration frequencies, they entirely neglect member buckling in higher modes. Under strong earthquake loading, these models misleadingly indicate global stability accompanied by gradual degradation of load capacity. In contrast, the multi-segment beam model simultaneously resolves low order global vibrations and high order local buckling phenomena, unveiling progressive seismic instabilities triggered by member buckling. Dynamic stability analyses confirm that the multi-segment approach reliably identifies the true critical failure mode. This paper recommends that in the modal analysis and seismic stability analysis of space trusses, the space truss members should be divided into three segments with cubic shape functions selected for the analysis. This methodology thus provides precise predictions of failure mechanisms and critical seismic thresholds, enabling dependable safety evaluations for long-span spatial structures in seismic regions.