The hydroprocessing of gasoline on modified alumina catalysts makes it possible to obtain high-octane products. The implementation and development of the process have largely become possible due to the development of modified alumina catalysts that do not contain noble metals and exhibit special catalytic properties. This article discusses topical issues of petrochemistry, namely the creation of catalysts with improved characteristics for the production of high-octane gasoline with low sulfur content. New catalytic systems based on alumina and other carriers modified with transition metals, lanthanum and phosphorus were synthesized. By physico-chemical methods of analysis TPD of ammonia, TEM and XRD, we studied the acid–base and structural characteristics of the developed catalysts. The activity of the developed catalysts in the studied process of hydrotreating gasoline fractions depends on the structure and condition of the active centers. The process of hydrotreating straight-run gasoline in the presence of synthesized catalysts was carried out on a laboratory flow unit. It was shown that, during the hydrotreating of straight-run gasoline on the NiO-MoO₃-La-P-HZSM-HY-Al₂O₃ catalyst, the octane number in the final product increased to 88.6, and the sulfur content decreased from 0.0088 to 0.001%. It was found that the minimum sulfur content in the gasoline hydrotreating product of 0.0005% was achieved on the catalyst CoO-WO₃-La-P-HZSM-HY-Al₂O₃, which is significantly lower than for other studied catalytic systems. The obtained results of the sulfur content in the hydrotreating products fully comply with the Euro-5 standard. Thus, the efficiency of hydrotreating the gasoline fractions studied in this work was mainly determined by the nature of the carriers and modifiers used for the synthesis of catalysts and the technological parameters of the process. The synthesized catalysts showed high activity and selectivity, resulting in high-octane gasoline with a low sulfur content that meets international quality standards.

Demetallization and desulfurization of vacuum residuum from the Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant (Kazakhstan) was carried out by adsorbents based on zeolite modified with titanium compounds and vanadium oxide. The process was carried out at a temperature of 320-360°C for 1 to 3 hours at atmospheric pressure. The results of determining the physico-chemical characteristics of the modified adsorbents showed that, after modification, their specific surface area increases, but the specific pore volume decreases. The maximum degree of demetallization is observed when using an adsorbent based on zeolite modified with titanium oxides and vanadium oxides. The change in the structure of vanadylporphyrins in vacuum residuum composition after the demetallization process is determined. After demetallization etioporphyrins have C27-C32 with a center of mass at C29, phylloporphyrins have C28-C34, after treatment at 360 °C, the center of mass shifts towards an increase in the number of carbon atoms C31.

Studies were conducted on the hydrogen-free processing of model alkanes, straight-run gasoline, and catalytic cracking gasoline using a new synthesized Co-Mo-Ce/ZSM + Al₂O₃ nanocatalyst, which demonstrated high activity in desulfurization. Thus, the mass fraction of sulfur in the resulting gasoline was reduced by almost three times compared to the initial value of 0.0776% to 0.0354% as a result of hydrogen-free processing of straight-run gasoline. The amount of sulfur in the resulting product was reduced by almost an order of magnitude with hydrogen-free processing of catalytic cracked gasoline: from 0.1650 in the original gasoline to 0.0123%. The octane number of the refined straight-run gasoline was 77.9–80.9 according to the research method (RM) and 61.13–65.8 with the motor method (MM). Physical and chemical methods of analysis (BET, TPD-NH₃, TEM, SEM, and XRD) revealed that nano-structured acid sites coexist with nano-dispersed metallic sites on the surface of the Co-Mo-Ce/ZSM + Al₂O₃ catalyst. The functioning of these two types of nano-active sites (metallic and acidic) ensures the polyfunctionality of the catalytic action of the nanoparticles. The following reactions occur simultaneously in the hydrogen-free processing: isomerization, dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization. Hydrogen-free processing of low-octane gasoline fractions on nanosized zeolite-containing catalysts is one of the most promising methods to obtain high-octane motor gasoline.

The process of hydrogen-free processing of petroleum fractions on zeolite- containing catalysts was implemented at a laboratory catalytic plant under conditions of varying technological parameters. Modification was carried out with metals with variable valence, REM, and phosphorus. It is shown that in the process of refining gas condensates and petroleum fractions (gasoline and diesel) without hydrogen-containing gas, the catalytic properties, activity and selectivity of synthesized catalysts depend on the nature and concentration of the introduced modifiers, the structure and condition of the active centers and the conditions of the process. The directions of hydrocarbon transformations in the process of anhydrous refining on a zeolite catalyst are considered. It has been established that the catalysts have multifunctional properties, and are capable of simultaneously conducting several reactions: cracking, hydrodesulfurization, dehydrogenation, isomerization, dehydrocyclization, alkylation. The physicochemical characteristics of zeolite-containing catalysts have been studied by electron microscopy and thermal desorption of ammonia. It is shown that acidic centers coexist with metallic ones on the surface of the developed catalysts. The composition of acid centers may include metals in various degrees of oxidation, fixed both inside the zeolite cavities and on their outer side.

This paper looks at ways to produce a nanocomposite catalyst by activation of aluminosilicates (zeolites) with vanadium xerogel. It also examines the properties of such catalyst. Vanadium xerogel can be used to activate zeolites due to its structural and chemical features. Xerogel has a lamellar structure and consists of vanadium pentoxide layers bonded together by water molecules, which is confirmed by the results of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray phase analysis. Aluminosilicate zeolite catalysts of the grades IK-17, KN-30 and KN-4 were used as stabilization matrices for vanadium xerogel nanoparticles. The bidispersed structure of the above catalysts is comprised of protonic zeolite-based elementoaluminosilicates ZSM–5 with an inert γ-Al2O3 carrier. The paper describes certain structural and catalytic properties of the above zeolites. A typical characteristic of zeolitic catalysts includes the ability to change the interplanar spacing depending on the cation size (vanadium in this case), which is also their most essential feature. The catalytic properties of zeolites can be characterized as multifunctional, which is confirmed by a variety of catalytic processes that can develop on them. The study that looked at the activity of the generated catalysts showed that nanocatalysts can be produced by changing the zeolite composition and the ratio between nanocompounds of vanadium and the zeolite carrier. The activity of such nanocatalysts during catalytic oxidation of methane rises and exceeds the one of commercial vanadium catalysts. The paper describes a technique to activate zeolitic catalysts by impregnating nanoparticles of vanadium xerogel into their matrix. This is a simple technique, and the resultant activated catalyst can potentially be used in organic catalysis.This research study was funded under the Grant АР05134196 by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The development of the global oil refining and petrochemical industry is greatly influenced by such factors as the gradual depletion of hydrocarbon resources, the weighting of oil fractions, the constant tightening of quality requirements for oil and gas products, the introduction of technical regulations for petroleum products, which, in turn, require the development of new technologies and catalysts. The article examines the process of hydrotreating straight-run gasoline and catalytic cracking gasoline on zeolite-containing catalysts Co-Mo-La-P/HY+ZSM+Al2O3 (KGO-29) and Co-Mo-Zn-P/ZSM +Al2O3 (NKG-18). It has been established that the depth of hydrotreatment depends on many factors, including temperature, pressure, and feed rate. As a result of the conducted research, the optimal parameters of the hydrotreating process of gasoline fractions were determined:Т- 4000C, P-4.0 MPa, V-2.0 h-1 . Studies have also shown that the highest activity in the hydrotreatment of straight-run gasoline fraction and catalytic cracking gasoline is characteristic of the NKG-18 catalyst. This catalyst exhibits the highest hydrodesulfurizing activity. Under optimal conditions (Т-4000C, P-4.0 MPa, V-2.0 h-1 ), the residual sulfur content during hydrotreating of straight-run gasoline and catalytic cracking gasoline on the NKG-18 catalyst does not exceed 0.0010% and 0.0001%, respectively, and on the KGO-29 catalyst these values are 0.0020% and 0.0011%, respectively. As a result, a new multifunctional catalyst NKG-18 has been developed for single-stage hydrotreating of gasoline by catalytic cracking. The optimal technological parameters of the process have been determined. The hydrotreating of straight-run gasoline at NKG-18 made it possible to obtain stable gasoline with an octane rating of 85.3-88.4 according to the research method, with a low content of sulfur, olefin and aromatic hydrocarbons.