The term immersive technology refers to various types of technologies and perspectives that are constantly changing and developing. It can be used for different purposes and domains such as education, healthcare, entertainment, arts, and engineering. This paper aims to compare the effectiveness of immersive technologies used in education, namely mixed reality, generated with Microsoft HoloLens 2, with traditional teaching methods. The experiment involves comparing two groups of students who received different training methods: the first group saw a PowerPoint slide with an image of the human muscular system, while the second group saw a 3D hologram of the human body that showed the same muscle groups as in the PowerPoint (PPT). By integrating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ) levels of the participants as a predictive variable, the study sought to ascertain whether the incorporation of mixed reality technology could significantly influence the learning outcomes and retention capabilities of the learners. This investigation was designed to contribute to the evolving pedagogical landscape by providing empirical evidence on the potential benefits of advanced educational technologies in diverse learning environments. The main finding of this study indicates that while MR has potential, its effectiveness is closely tied to its interactivity. In cases where the content remains static and non-interactive, MR does not significantly enhance in-formation retention compared to traditional PPT methods. Additionally, the study highlights that instructional strategies should be adapted to individual cognitive profiles, as the technology type (MR or PPT) alone does not significantly impact learning outcomes when the information presented is identical.

Inflammation serves as the body's defensive response to harmful stimuli. In the acute phase, immune cells such as neutrophilswhich act as the principal responders-along with NK cells, DCs, and macrophages, secrete inflammatory mediators including cytokines, growth factors, and proteolytic enzymes, thereby facilitating tissue repair and regeneration. However, when this response becomes chronic, macrophages become the dominant immune population, succeeded by T and B cells, leading to the continuous release of cytokines, growth factors, and enzymatic mediators. This persistent inflammatory state initiates destructive effects on epithelial structures, immune cells, and vascular components, ultimately contributing to pro-tumoral processes. In the context of cancer, inflammation exhibits a dual nature: it can act as a protective mechanism or as a driving force behind tumor development. This dichotomy is largely regulated by key transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-KB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), both of which are essential in modulating immune cell behavior and facilitating tumor progression at different stages of cancer. The present article focuses on the role of inflammatory mediators in both acute and chronic inflammatory microenvironments and their involvement in a wide array of cellular, immunological, and vascular alterations.

This research investigated the serum levels of three interleukins (IL8, IL17A, and IL33) and the possible relationships between them in healthy people and colon cancer patients at different stages. This study involved 82 participants, 42 of whom had colon cancer and 40 were healthy individuals. The cancer patients were classified into four groups according to the TNM staging classification of colon and rectal cancer. Serum levels of the interleukins were measured by the ELISA test. The data were analyzed statistically to compare the demographic characteristics, the interleukin levels across cancer stages, and the correlation between interleukins in both groups. The results showed that women had more early-stage colon cancer diagnoses, while men had more advanced-stage cancer diagnoses. Stage two colon cancer was more common in older people. Younger people, men, and those with early-stage colon cancer had higher levels of interleukins. The levels of IL8 and IL17A were higher in the cancer group, while the level of IL33 was higher in the healthy group. There was a strong correlation between IL8 and IL17A levels in both groups (p = 0.001). IL17A influenced the level of IL33 in the cancer group (p = 0.007). This study suggested that cytokine variation profiles could be useful for detecting colon cancer and predicting its outcome.

Early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer progression through biomarker profiling are crucial in managing colon cancer patients. Our research aimed to investigate the expression of miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-326 in tumor and adjacent healthy tissues of colon cancer patients and determine their potential diagnostic utility. This study included 40 patients divided into four groups according to the TNM staging classification. MiRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. The results showed that miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-326 are overexpressed in adjacent healthy tissues but decrease in advanced cancer stages. MiR-106a-5p and miR-326 are strongly correlated with colon cancer severity. These findings suggest that miRNA profiling could be useful for early diagnosis and prognosis in colon cancer management.

As immersive technologies increasingly permeate education and professional training, their cognitive implications for novice learners remain underexplored. This study examines the relative effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based instruction compared with conventional teaching modalities in a controlled experimental setting. A total of 106 undergraduate medical students with no prior technical experience were randomly assigned to one of three instructional conditions: (1) PowerPoint-based presentation, (2) real-person demonstration, or (3) immersive VR simulation of a five-axis CNC machine. Participants’ cognitive ability was assessed using Raven’s Progressive Matrices, and their learning styles were measured via the Honey and Mumford questionnaire. Immediate knowledge retention was evaluated through a 20-item multiple-choice test. Results revealed a significant main effect of instructional method on post-test performance (p < 0.001), with the real-person group achieving the highest mean score, followed by PowerPoint and VR groups. IQ was a significant predictor of performance across conditions but did not moderate the effect of instructional method. Gender and learning-style preferences showed no meaningful associations with learning outcomes. The findings suggest that, for novice learners engaging with complex technical content, immersive VR may impose additional cognitive demands that hinder immediate knowledge acquisition. These results contribute empirical support to Cognitive Load Theory and the Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning, emphasizing the need for careful instructional design and cognitive scaffolding in VR-based education.

Background/Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern with rising incidence and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. This study aimed to analyze the expression of miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-326 in CRC patients and assess their association with tumor grading and tissue invasion. Methods: A total of 40 CRC patients were included in the study. miRNA expression levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses, including regression models, were performed to evaluate correlations between miRNA expression, tumor grade, and invasion patterns. Results: MiR-101-3p was significantly downregulated in advanced tumors, while miR-106a-5p expression peaked in Grade 2 CRC. MiR-326 expression was associated with organ metastasis. Regression models confirmed complex interaction patterns among these miRNAs, suggesting their potential role in CRC progression. Conclusions: These findings indicate that miR-101-3p, miR-106a-5p, and miR-326 are associated with CRC severity and invasion. Their expression patterns suggest potential utility as biomarkers for early detection and targeted therapies. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to validate these results and explore their clinical applications.