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Dr. Getu Hailu
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage 99508, USA

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Renewable Energy
0 Thermal Management
0 Thermal storage
0 Technologies for net zero energy
0 Solar–thermal data analysis

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Thermal storage
Renewable Energy
Thermal Management

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Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice
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Corrosion under insulation (CUI) presents a significant threat to the safe and economical operation of insulated metallic structures. This paper explores the use of sodium bentonite to inhibit CUI via direct injection at the insulation-structure interface. Immersion tests were used to evaluate the inhibitor efficiency of sodium bentonite associated with carbon steel in both seawater and insulation leachate solutions over a range of temperatures typically encountered in oil and gas gathering lines. A novel design is proposed for an apparatus capable of injecting liquid-phase corrosion inhibitors along the insulation-structure interface where CUI occurs. Mass loss results indicate that for carbon steel at temperatures between 60°C and 82.2°C, sodium bentonite produces an average corrosion inhibitor efficiency of 50.9% in synthetic seawater and 52.9% in insulation leachate solution. Isopropyl alcohol was identified as a suitable carrier liquid for sodium bentonite CUI inhibitors intended for injection on steel structures insulated with closed-cell polymeric foams.

ACS Style

Matthew J. Cullin; Grant Birmingham; Raghu Srinivasan; Getu Hailu. Injectable Sodium Bentonite Inhibitors for Corrosion under Insulation. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 2020, 11, 04020036 .

AMA Style

Matthew J. Cullin, Grant Birmingham, Raghu Srinivasan, Getu Hailu. Injectable Sodium Bentonite Inhibitors for Corrosion under Insulation. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice. 2020; 11 (4):04020036.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew J. Cullin; Grant Birmingham; Raghu Srinivasan; Getu Hailu. 2020. "Injectable Sodium Bentonite Inhibitors for Corrosion under Insulation." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 11, no. 4: 04020036.

Review
Published: 13 August 2020 in Energies
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Stationary battery systems are becoming increasingly common worldwide. Energy storage is a key technology in facilitating renewable energy market penetration and battery energy storage systems have seen considerable investment for this purpose. Large battery installations such as energy storage systems and uninterruptible power supplies can generate substantial heat in operation, and while this is well understood, the thermal management systems that currently exist have not kept pace with stationary battery installation development. Stationary batteries operating at elevated temperatures experience a range of deleterious effects and, in some cases, serious safety concerns can arise. Optimal thermal management prioritizes safety and balances costs between the cooling system and battery degradation due to thermal effects. Electric vehicle battery thermal management has undergone significant development in the past decade while stationary battery thermal management has remained mostly stagnant, relying on the use of active and passive air cooling. Despite being the default method for thermal management, there is an absence of justifying research or comparative reviews. This literature review seeks to define the role of stationary battery systems in modern power applications, the effects that heat generation and temperature have on the performance of these systems, thermal management methods, and future areas of study.

ACS Style

Martin Henke; Getu Hailu. Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review. Energies 2020, 13, 4194 .

AMA Style

Martin Henke, Getu Hailu. Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review. Energies. 2020; 13 (16):4194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin Henke; Getu Hailu. 2020. "Thermal Management of Stationary Battery Systems: A Literature Review." Energies 13, no. 16: 4194.

Book chapter
Published: 08 January 2020 in Rotating Machinery
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ACS Style

Getu Hailu. Introductory Chapter: Rotating Machinery. Rotating Machinery 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu. Introductory Chapter: Rotating Machinery. Rotating Machinery. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu. 2020. "Introductory Chapter: Rotating Machinery." Rotating Machinery , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2019 in Sustainability
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We present a study conducted to obtain optimum tilt angle and orientation of a solar panel for the collection of maximum solar irradiation. The optimum tilt angle and orientation were determined using isotropic and anisotropic diffuse sky radiation models (isotropic and anisotropic models). The four isotropic models giving varying optimum tilt angles in the range of 37 to 44°. On the other hand, results of the four anisotropic models were more consistent, with optimum tilt angles ranging between 46–47°. Both types of models indicated that the collector tilt should be changed four times a year to receive more solar radiation. The results also indicate that the solar panel should be installed with orientation west or east of due south with a flatter tilt angle. A 15° change in orientation west or east of due south results in less than 1% reduction of the total solar radiation received. For a given optimum tilt angle, the effect of photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) orientation west or east of due south on the outlet temperature was determined using a one-dimensional steady state heat transfer model. It was found that there is less than 1.5% decrease in outlet temperature for a PV/T panel oriented up to 15° east or west of due south from March to December. This result indicates that existing roofs with orientations angles up to 15° east or west of due south can be retrofitted with a PV/T system without changing the roof shape.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Alan S. Fung. Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Photovoltaic Thermal System for Application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6443 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Alan S. Fung. Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Photovoltaic Thermal System for Application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Alan S. Fung. 2019. "Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Photovoltaic Thermal System for Application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6443.

Book chapter
Published: 13 November 2019 in Zero and Net Zero Energy
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ACS Style

Getu Hailu. Introductory Chapter: Path to Net Zero Energy Buildings. Zero and Net Zero Energy 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu. Introductory Chapter: Path to Net Zero Energy Buildings. Zero and Net Zero Energy. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu. 2019. "Introductory Chapter: Path to Net Zero Energy Buildings." Zero and Net Zero Energy , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 11 September 2019 in Thermal Energy Battery with Nano-enhanced PCM
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Solar intermittency is a major problem, and there is a need and great interest in developing a means of storing solar energy for later use when solar radiation is not available. Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that is used to balance the mismatch in demand and supply for heating and/or cooling. Solar thermal energy storage is used in many applications: buildings, concentrating solar power plants and industrial processes. Solar thermal water heaters capable of heating water during the day and storing the heated water for evening use are common. TES improves system performance by smoothing supply and demand and temperature fluctuations. Thermal energy storage has become a fast-growing business. According to a research report, the global thermal energy storage market is expected to reach USD 12.50 billion by 2025. The chapter describes different types of thermal energy storage systems. Brief history, current state of research and the future of thermal storage are presented. Types of thermal storages, classifications, advantages and disadvantages are discussed; important thermal and physical properties are tabulated. Advances in enhancement of thermal properties of materials are briefly discussed. Challenges, opportunities, market outlook, government incentives and polices that support deployment of energy storage systems are outlined.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu. Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Storage. Thermal Energy Battery with Nano-enhanced PCM 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu. Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Storage. Thermal Energy Battery with Nano-enhanced PCM. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu. 2019. "Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Storage." Thermal Energy Battery with Nano-enhanced PCM , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2019 in Energies
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We present more than one-year of monitoring results from a thermal energy storage system located in a very cold place with a long winter season. The studied house is in Palmer city, Alaska (~62° N, ~149° W). The house is equipped with solar PV for electricity production and solar thermal collectors which were linked to a sensible thermal energy storage system which is underneath the house’s normally unoccupied garage and storage space. Sensors were installed in the thermal storage and solar thermal collector array to monitor system temperatures. In addition, TRNSYS was used for numerical simulation and the results were compared to experimental ones. The maximum observed garage ambient temperature was ~28 °C while the simulated maximum ambient garage temperature was found to be ~22 °C. Results indicate that seasonal solar thermal storages are viable options for reducing the cost of energy in a region with extended freezing periods. This is significant for Alaska where the cost of energy is 3–5 times the national average.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Philip Hayes; Mark Masteller. Long-Term Monitoring of Sensible Thermal Storage in an Extremely Cold Region. Energies 2019, 12, 1821 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Philip Hayes, Mark Masteller. Long-Term Monitoring of Sensible Thermal Storage in an Extremely Cold Region. Energies. 2019; 12 (9):1821.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Philip Hayes; Mark Masteller. 2019. "Long-Term Monitoring of Sensible Thermal Storage in an Extremely Cold Region." Energies 12, no. 9: 1821.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2017 in International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP)
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This study explores the effect of incorporating an Open-Ended Design Experience (OEDE) into an undergraduate materials science laboratory taken by third-year mechanical engineering students. The focus of the OEDE was carbon fiber reinforced plastics and sandwich structures. The results indicate that the incorporation of OEDE’s in laboratory courses produces significant benefits in terms of student engagement, participation, and perception of competence. In addition, the OEDE was found to enhance students’ ability to apply related concepts as compared to non-OEDE lab activities. The authors conclude that the incorporation of OEDE’s can increase the effectiveness of engineering laboratory courses.

ACS Style

Matthew Cullin; Getu Hailu; Matthew Kupilik; Todd Petersen. The Effect of an Open-Ended Design Experience on Student Achievement in an Engineering Laboratory Course. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 2017, 7, 102 .

AMA Style

Matthew Cullin, Getu Hailu, Matthew Kupilik, Todd Petersen. The Effect of an Open-Ended Design Experience on Student Achievement in an Engineering Laboratory Course. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP). 2017; 7 (4):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthew Cullin; Getu Hailu; Matthew Kupilik; Todd Petersen. 2017. "The Effect of an Open-Ended Design Experience on Student Achievement in an Engineering Laboratory Course." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 7, no. 4: 102.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2017 in Energies
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We present the first experimental study of sand-bed thermal energy storage conducted in a region with extended freezing period. The study was carried out on a home situated in Palmer, Alaska, 61.6° N, and 149.1° W. The home is equipped with evacuated tube solar thermal collectors that are connected to a seasonal sand-bed solar thermal energy storage system. Fourteen weeks of data was collected from a period of 28 January 2017 through 7 May 2017. Results suggest that seasonal sand-bed solar thermal storage systems are an excellent option for storing heat for climates in regions with long periods of freezing temperatures. The present study shows a proof of concept of a sand-bed seasonal solar thermal storage that needs additional controls for residential heating application. The system could also be used to provide heat for unoccupied spaces such as garages and greenhouses.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Philip Hayes; Mark Masteller. Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Sand-Bed Storage in a Region with Extended Freezing Periods: Part I Experimental Investigation. Energies 2017, 10, 1873 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Philip Hayes, Mark Masteller. Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Sand-Bed Storage in a Region with Extended Freezing Periods: Part I Experimental Investigation. Energies. 2017; 10 (11):1873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Philip Hayes; Mark Masteller. 2017. "Seasonal Solar Thermal Energy Sand-Bed Storage in a Region with Extended Freezing Periods: Part I Experimental Investigation." Energies 10, no. 11: 1873.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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In this paper, we report the comparison of the experimental results with numerical simulation. The numerical simulation was performed using TRNSYS. Fourteen weeks of data (January 28 to May 7) were collected and compared against numerical simulation results obtained using TRNSYS. For the 14-week period, the results showed that there was close agreement between the experimental measurement and the numerical simulation. The measured average temperature was 8.1 °C compared to the simulated average temperature of 8.6 °C. The measured maximum and minimum temperatures were 21 °C and −7.8 °C, respectively, while the numerical simulation maximum and minimum temperatures were 17.8 °C and −7.5 °C, respectively. For the five-year seasonal simulation, the system became fully charged by June 14. The maximum temperature the sand-bed achieved annually was 24.83 °C, occurring approximately on July 10, with a minimum of 11.1 °C occurring on January 24. The results demonstrate that sand-bed solar thermal storage systems are suitable for climates in regions with long periods of freezing temperatures which can contribute towards the net-zero energy status of a residential home. We reported the first experimental study, to the authors' knowledge, of sand-bed solar thermal storage conducted in a region with an extended freezing period carried out on a home situated in Palmer, Alaska, 61.6°N, 149.1°W [see G. Hailu et al., Energies 10, 1873 (2017)].

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Philip Hayes; Mark Masteller. Seasonal sand-bed solar thermal energy storage in a region with extended freezing periods: Experimentally verified numerical simulation. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2017, 9, 63704 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Philip Hayes, Mark Masteller. Seasonal sand-bed solar thermal energy storage in a region with extended freezing periods: Experimentally verified numerical simulation. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy. 2017; 9 (6):63704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Philip Hayes; Mark Masteller. 2017. "Seasonal sand-bed solar thermal energy storage in a region with extended freezing periods: Experimentally verified numerical simulation." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 9, no. 6: 63704.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Energy Procedia
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A theoretical investigation of the performance of a two stage variable capacity air source heat pump (TS VC ASHP) coupled with a building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system (integrated into the wall) is presented in this paper. Air was circulated behind the photovoltaic arrays to recover the thermal energy. TRNSYS was used to evaluate the performance of the TS VC ASHP coupled with the BIPV/T. The thermal performance of the TS VC ASHP was evaluated for two scenarios when the TS VC ASHP was running in heating mode. The two scenarios are: (A) directly feeding ambient air to the TS VC ASHP, and (B) coupling the TS VC ASHP to a wall integrated BIPV/T. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the TS VC ASHP was evaluated and compared for these two separate scenarios. Results suggest that the COP of the TS VC ASHP can be improved for the months of February through April by coupling the TS VC ASHP to a wall integrated BIPV/T system.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Peter Dash; Alan S. Fung. Performance Evaluation of an Air Source Heat Pump Coupled with a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) System under Cold Climatic Conditions. Energy Procedia 2015, 78, 1913 -1918.

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Peter Dash, Alan S. Fung. Performance Evaluation of an Air Source Heat Pump Coupled with a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) System under Cold Climatic Conditions. Energy Procedia. 2015; 78 ():1913-1918.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Peter Dash; Alan S. Fung. 2015. "Performance Evaluation of an Air Source Heat Pump Coupled with a Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) System under Cold Climatic Conditions." Energy Procedia 78, no. : 1913-1918.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Energy Procedia
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A full-scale test facility of building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) collector coupled with cold climate variable capacity Air Source Heat Pump (ASHP) and Thermal Energy Storage (TES) was designed to be implemented at Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA)’s Kortright Centre. The PV/T array consists of 25 panels. The warm air generated in the BIPV/T array is considered the source of the heat pump for thermal energy production. Coupling of BIPV/T and ASHP enables a highly efficient heating system in harsh winter conditions. Thermal energy from PV/T array could be stored in the TES (concrete slab or gravel bed beneath the floor) during day and released in night time to enhance the performance of the heat pump. It is shown that using air thermal storage to preheat the outdoor air as an inlet flow to the air source heat pump increases the coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump. Consequently, electricity consumption by the ASHP decreases during night. Analytical and numerical methods are used to evaluate design parameters that influence thermal energy production, electrical energy production, heat pump COP and electricity consumed by the heat pump. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to optimize water storage tank size, assuming that the heat pump would only operate during hours of thermal generation from the PV/T array. The preliminary results show that the seasonal COP could be increased from 2.74 to a maximum value of 3.45 for direct coupling of BIPV/T+ASHP without the use of diurnal thermal storage. The heat pump electricity consumption is reduced by 20% for winter.

ACS Style

Raghad Kamel; Navid Ekrami; Peter Dash; Alan Fung; Getu Hailu. BIPV/T+ASHP: Technologies for NZEBs. Energy Procedia 2015, 78, 424 -429.

AMA Style

Raghad Kamel, Navid Ekrami, Peter Dash, Alan Fung, Getu Hailu. BIPV/T+ASHP: Technologies for NZEBs. Energy Procedia. 2015; 78 ():424-429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raghad Kamel; Navid Ekrami; Peter Dash; Alan Fung; Getu Hailu. 2015. "BIPV/T+ASHP: Technologies for NZEBs." Energy Procedia 78, no. : 424-429.

Conference paper
Published: 30 June 2014 in Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics
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This paper presents CFD study of a BIPV/T system with forced convection. Air was circulated behind PV arrays and used as a coolant with various air flow rates (air velocities) to recover the thermal energy that could be used for space and/or domestic water heating. Turbulent flows were considered with Reynolds number ranging from 5199 to 9392. COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis (FEA) software was used to develop CFD models for the BIPV/T system using: (a) measured temperature profile at different flow rates, and (b) measured solar radiation as boundary condition. Predictions of the air temperature profiles inside the air flow channel and the backside of the PV were obtained and compared to experimentally obtained temperature profiles using both boundary conditions. In general, better agreement with the experimentally measured temperature profiles was obtained when the measured solar radiation was used as a boundary condition. The results of the study can be used to establish relationships between the average/local convective heat transfer coefficients and air flow velocity. The relationships obtained will also be useful for developing correlations and simple mathematical models that facilitate the design and optimization of different parts of the BIPV/T system, such as inlet regions.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Tingting Yang; Andreas K. Athienitis; Alan S. Fung. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPV/T) Systems. Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Tingting Yang, Andreas K. Athienitis, Alan S. Fung. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPV/T) Systems. Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Tingting Yang; Andreas K. Athienitis; Alan S. Fung. 2014. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPV/T) Systems." Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 30 June 2014 in Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics
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A theoretical investigation of a variable capacity air-to-air air source heat pump (VC-ASHP) coupled with a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) system is presented in this paper. The BIPV/T system was integrated into the roof and the wall. Air was circulated behind the photovoltaic arrays to recover the thermal energy. The warm air recovered was supplied to the VC-ASHP. The thermal performance of the VC-ASHP was investigated for three scenarios when the heat pump is running in heating mode. The three scenarios are: (A) by feeding the ambient air to the ASHP; (B) by coupling the ASHP to the wall integrated BIPV/T only; and (C) by coupling the ASHP to the roof integrated BIPV/T only. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the VC-ASHP was evaluated for these three separate scenarios and compared. A typical winter day result suggests that the COP of the ASHP can be improved by coupling the VC-ASHP to either of the BIPV/T systems, i.e., either to the roof integrated BIPV/T system or to the wall integrated BIPV/T system.

ACS Style

Getu Hailu; Peter Dash; Alan S. Fung. Performance Evaluation of an Air Source Heat Pump Coupled With a Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) System. Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Getu Hailu, Peter Dash, Alan S. Fung. Performance Evaluation of an Air Source Heat Pump Coupled With a Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) System. Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Getu Hailu; Peter Dash; Alan S. Fung. 2014. "Performance Evaluation of an Air Source Heat Pump Coupled With a Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) System." Volume 2: Economic, Environmental, and Policy Aspects of Alternate Energy; Fuels and Infrastructure, Biofuels and Energy Storage; High Performance Buildings; Solar Buildings, Including Solar Climate Control/Heating/Cooling; Sustainable Cities and Communities, Including Transportation; Thermofluid Analysis of Energy Systems, Including Exergy and Thermoeconomics , no. : 1.