Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs) are involved in regulating flowering time and various developmental processes. Functions and expression patterns in cultivated peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) remain unknown. In this study, 33 PEBP genes in cultivated peanuts were identified and divided into four subgroups: FT, TFL, MFT and FT-like. Gene structure analysis showed that orthologs from A and B genomes in cultivated peanuts had highly similar structures, but some orthologous genes have subgenomic dominance. Gene collinearity and phylogenetic analysis explain that some PEBP genes play key roles in evolution. Cis-element analysis revealed that PEBP genes are mainly regulated by hormones, light signals and stress-related pathways. Multiple PEPB genes had different expression patterns between early and late-flowering genotypes. Further detection of its response to temperature and photoperiod revealed that PEBPs ArahyM2THPA, ArahyEM6VH3, Arahy4GAQ4U, ArahyIZ8FG5, ArahyG6F3P2, ArahyLUT2QN, ArahyDYRS20 and ArahyBBG51B were the key genes controlling the flowering response to different flowering time genotypes, photoperiods and temperature. This study laid the foundation for the functional study of the PEBP gene in cultivated peanuts and the adaptation of peanuts to different environments.

Potato common scab is a widespread soil-borne disease that severely reduces tuber quality and market value. However, the diversity of common scab pathogens and the availability of resistance resources in major potato-producing regions of China remain poorly understood. In this study, potato common scab pathogens were isolated from diseased tubers collected in Heilongjiang Province, China, and identified based on morphological characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and pathogenicity-related gene detection. Two pathogenic Streptomyces species, Streptomyces scabiei and Streptomyces stelliscabiei, were identified. Notably, S. stelliscabiei was identified in potato common scab samples collected in Heilongjiang Province for the first time, suggesting that it may represent an emerging causal agent of potato common scab in China. Molecular analysis revealed two pathogenicity-related gene profiles among the isolates—namely, txtAB⁺/tomA⁺/nec1⁺ and txtAB⁻/tomA⁺/nec1⁺—indicating diversity in virulence-associated gene composition. Resistance to potato common scab caused by S. stelliscabiei was further evaluated in 132 potato germplasm accessions, including domestic and introduced materials, local landraces, and widely cultivated cultivars. Significant variation in resistance levels was observed. Only two accessions were classified as highly resistant, six as resistant, and eighteen as moderately resistant, whereas the majority of accessions were susceptible or highly susceptible. Overall, this study provides the first evidence of S. stelliscabiei causing potato common scab in China, reveals pathogenicity-related gene diversity among common scab pathogens, and identifies valuable resistance resources for potato breeding. These findings contribute to a better understanding of potato common scab epidemiology and support the development of resistant cultivars.

Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), is a major constraint to global common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. Thiamine (vitamin B1), an essential coenzyme in plant metabolism, has recently emerged as a potential regulatory factor in plant defense. Here, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of thiamine biosynthesis-related genes in common bean and elucidated their roles in resistance to Fusarium wilt. Five key thiamine biosynthetic genes were identified and characterized, showing conserved functional domains and evolutionary conservation across species. Expression profiling revealed tissue-specific patterns, with PvTHI1-1 and PvTHIC being highly expressed in reproductive and photosynthetic organs, with their relative expression levels 0.28–0.57 higher than other members in the same tissue, while PvTPK maintained a basal expression level in the roots. Upon Fop infection, resistant genotypes exhibited significantly higher expression of thiamine biosynthetic genes and greater accumulation of endogenous thiamine and its derivatives than susceptible ones. Functional analysis using Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation demonstrated that overexpression of PvTPK enhanced thiamine metabolism and conferred resistance in susceptible genotypes. Similarly, exogenous application of thiamine upregulated biosynthetic genes and improved disease resistance. Together, these results reveal that thiamine biosynthesis is intricately linked to Fusarium wilt resistance and that both genetic and biochemical manipulation of thiamine pathways can enhance disease tolerance. This study provides new insights into thiamine-mediated plant immunity and establishes a foundation for its application in the control of Fusarium wilt in common bean.