Eudragit, synthesized by radical polymerization, is used for enteric coating, precise temporal release, and targeting the entire gastrointestinal system. Evonik Healthcare Germany offers different grades of Eudragit. The ratio of methacrylic acid to its methacrylate-based monomers used in the polymerization reaction defines the final product’s characteristics and consequently its potential range of applications. Since 1953, these polymers have been made to use in a wide range of healthcare applications around the world. In this review, we reviewed the “known of knowns and known of unknowns” about Eudragit, from molecule to material design, its characterization, and its applications in healthcare.

The present investigation aimed to formulate and optimize sustained release proliposome dry powder for inhalation of Voriconazole (VZ) and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The proliposome-based dry powder for inhalation was formulated by spray drying technique using Phospholipon 90H and cholesterol in the lipid phase, mannitol as a carrier, and L-leucine as a dispersing agent. A face-centered central composite design was used to study the influence of factors on responses, vesicle size, VZ entrapment efficiency, and drug release. The optimized formulation was further characterized by FTIR, FESEM, DSC, XRD, and evaluated for in vitro drug release, in vitro aerosol deposition, and in vivo lung retention study in Wistar rats. For the optimized batch F-5 proliposome formulation, vesicle size was observed as 191.7 ± 0.049 nm with PDI 0.328 ± 0.009, entrapment efficiency as 72.94 ± 0.56%, and cumulative drug release after 8 h of dissolution was 82.0 ± 0.14%. The median mass aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) generated by optimized formulation F5 was significantly lower (3.85 ± 0.15 µm, p < 0.0001) as compared to spray-dried voriconazole (SD-VZ) (8.35 ± 0.23 µm). In vivo studies demonstrated a profound enhancement in lung retention (3.8-fold) compared to SD-VZ and oral VZ dispersion. Conclusively, proliposome formulation of voriconazole is a plausible and convincing approach for pulmonary fungal infections, considering its sustained release behaviour and prolonged lung retention.

Probiotics and prebiotics collectively known as synbiotics enhance gut health and microbial activity. The study attempted to develop a freeze-dried synbiotic nutraceutical formulation with Okara as a prebiotic and L. plantarum as a probiotic to improve gut health while preserving beneficial microbes. L. plantarum was morphologically characterized using biochemical assays, and enzymatic profiling was performed with VITEK 2C. Okara's protein content and ash levels were examined to evaluate its pharmacognostic characteristics and prebiotic efficacy was assessed at 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% concentrations, emphasizing specific growth rate, pH, % titratable acidity, and dry biomass. Nine batches of a synbiotic powder formulation containing cryoprotectants such as mannitol, sorbitol, and maltodextrin, with probiotics and prebiotics, were freeze-dried. Three of the nine batches have been selected, with B2 selected for further examination. L. plantarum viability was evaluated before and after freeze-drying and storage at 4-8 °C. The prebiotic efficacy test demonstrated that 2% okara resulted in significant growth, indicating significant L. plantarum proliferation. After 48 hours, the pH declined to 4.24, and the percentage titratable acidity gradually increased, indicating significant lactic acid production. The dry biomass content was maximum at 2% okara. Following freeze-drying, viable counts decreased to 3.78 ± 0.045 log CFU/mL and 3.54 ± 0.015 log CFU/mL after 7 days of storage. Batch B2 demonstrated excellent flow properties, smaller particle size with minimum drying loss. At 48 hours, the zone of inhibition against E. coli was demonstrated to be highly susceptible. L. plantarum counts increased to 9.68 ± 0.19 log CFU/mL after 48 hours in the in vitro co-culture investigations with E. coli. However, the number of E. coli bacteria decreased significantly. The combination demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in enhancing L. plantarum proliferation while suppressing E. coli, indicating plausible uses in nutritional supplements for promoting gut health.

Background: Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging therapy that makes use of neural signals and the nervous system to help in the treatment of injuries and diseases. The nervous sys-tem consists of disciplined circuits that involve the communication of every major organ of the human body as all the organs of the human body are regulated and controlled by neural circuits. Objective: The objective of this review is to overview the current implementations of bioelectron-ic medicines within the human body. The main target is to heal the body without administering a wide array of exogenous drugs. On understanding these neural circuits at a molecular level, it could be possible to understand, manipulate, and modify the body’s functioning with the help of electrical impulses to modify neural impulses. Methods: The literature related to bioelectronic medicines, and their applications was collected through different websites, academic research portals, and databases, sorted, and presented in this review. Results: Bioelectronic medicine is emerging as a cutting-edge area in healthcare, demonstrating its potential to transform the diagnosis and management of inflammation and related conditions. With established efficacy in a variety of disorders and marketed available treatments, it highlights an enormous shift toward individualized and specialized therapeutic approaches, providing prom-ise for improved outcomes and a higher quality of life for patients worldwide. Conclusion: The study focuses on potential advances in bioelectronic medicine for alleviating in-flammation and inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and spinal cord in-jury. Bioelectronic treatments provide innovative therapeutic options with the potential for con-siderable clinical effects.