Previous studies on longitudinal sensory-cognition association are limited and have yielded inconsistent conclusions in western and developed countries. The present study obtained data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS, 2011–2018) and aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of sensory impairments including single vision impairment (SVI), single hearing impairment (SHI), and dual sensory impairment (DSI) on cognitive decline in middle-aged and older Chinese population. In total, 11,122 participants accomplished all 4 interviews over 8 years and were included. Cognitive performances were assessed using Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and self-reported sensory status were accepted as well. Confounding variables included age, sex, educational level, marital status, medical, and lifestyle related information. The impact of sensory impairment on cognitive decline over time was assessed using linear mixed-effects models (LMM). After being adjusted for multiple confounders, SVI/SHI/DSI were all shown to be significantly associated with executive functions, episodic memory impairment, and global cognitive decline over 8 years (all p < 0.05). Such associations become less significant among female and relatively younger populations (45–59 years old). Single vision and hearing impairments, along with dual sensory impairment, are all independently associated with subsequent cognitive decline among middle-aged and older Chinese populations over 8 years of longitudinal observation.

Retinal detachment is a serious ocular disease leading to photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss. However, the mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the altered metabolism pathway and physiological changes after retinal detachment. Eight-week-old male SD rats were fed, and the model of retinal detachment was established by injecting hyaluronic acid into the retinal space. The rats were euthanized 3 days after RD, and the retinal tissues were sectioned for analysis. Untargeted lipid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomic was performed to analyze the metabolite changes. A total of 90 significant metabolites (34 in anionic and 56 in cationic models) were detected after retinal detachment. The main pathways were (1) histidine metabolism; (2) phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and (3) glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. The key genes corresponding to each metabolic pathway were verified from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of human retinal samples. The results indicated that the production of histamine by histidine decarboxylase from histidine reduced after RD (p < 0.05). Xanthine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and guanosine decreased after RD (p < 0.05). Decreased xanthine and hypoxanthine may reduce the antioxidant ability. The decreased guanosine could not provide enough sources for inosine monophosphate production. Tyrosine is an important neurotransmitter and was significantly reduced after RD (p < 0.05). Citrate was significantly reduced with the increase of ATP-citrate lyase enzyme (ACLY) (p < 0.05). We inferred that lipid oxidation might increase rather than lipid biogenesis. Thus, this study highlighted the main changes of metabolite and physiological process after RD. The results may provide important information for photoreceptor degeneration.

Aims: To investigate the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and sensory impairments (SIs).Methods: We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) (2015). Logistic regressions estimated the odds ratio for associations of SEP with SIs. In addition, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between them with the inverse variance weighting (IVW) estimator. MR-Egger, simple median, weighted median, maximum likelihood, and robust adjusted profile score were employed for sensitivity analyses.Results: In the observational survey, we enrolled 19,690 individuals aged 45 and above. SEP was negatively associated with SIs. Adjusted odds of vision impairment were higher for illiterate (1.50; 95%CI: 1.19, 1.91), less than elementary school diploma (1.76; 95%CI: 1.39, 2.25), middle school diploma (1.53; 95%CI: 1.21, 1.93) and lower income (all p < 0.001). The odds of hearing impairment were significantly higher for people with less than a high school diploma than those with a college degree or higher diploma, for agricultural workers than non-agricultural workers, and for people in low-income families (p < 0.01). The MR analysis also showed that occupation was associated with HI (1.04, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.09, p < 0.05) using IVW.Conclusion: We found that both observational and causal evidence supports the theory that SEP can result in SIs and that timely discovery, targeted management, and education can prevent SIs among middle-aged and older adults.

Adherence to annual fundus examinations in the Chinese population with diabetes and its correlates have not been investigated. The present study obtained data for the first nationally representative survey in China, China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS), which collected a wide range of data every 2 years, including demographic, socioeconomic, medical and lifestyle-related information. The adherence rates to annual fundus exams across four waves (2011–2018) were assessed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine factors associated with adherence. The adherence rates to annual fundus examinations of ou study population were 23.6% in 2011, 15.3% in 2013, 17.5% in 2015 and 21.5% in 2018, respectively. Consistent results over four waves showed that non-adherent patients had a relatively lower educational level, insufficient diabetes medication use, fewer non-medication treatments and irregular physical examination compared to those who were adherent to the annual fundus exam (all p values < 0.05). These variables were further identified as factors associated with adherence according to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses (all p values < 0.05). The present study provides explicit evidence that the adherence rate to annual fundus examinations among Chinese population with diabetes is worryingly low. Insufficient educational attainment, especially specific diabetes education, has a negative impact on patients’ adherence to clinical guideline for eye health.

Background: Traditional obesity assessment using body mass index (BMI) fails to adequately capture fat distribution, particularly central obesity, which is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction and obesity-related complications. Alternative obesity indices that better reflecting fat distribution and body composition have shown promise, yet large-scale population-based data remain limited. This study evaluates the ranges, temporal trends, and associated factors of novel obesity indexes in a nationally representative cohort of middle-aged and older Chinese adults.Methods: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we analyzed 17,708 adults in 2011 and followed 5,078 participants over 5 years nationally. Six obesity indexes: waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body shape index (ABSI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), were evaluated for ranges, temporal trends, and associated factors using logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Associated factors included demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, and medical variables.Results: The national ranges were as follows: VAI (−1.805 to 6.615), ABSI (0.071 to 0.095), WHtR (0.462 to 0.622), CVAI (48.993 to 147.057), WWI (10.264 to 12.144), and LAP (−3.158 to 80.818). Significant associated factors were grouped into demographic (age, sex, urban/rural residence), medical (diabetes, and hypertension), and lifestyle factors (smoking, and drinking), with varying impacts across indexes. Over the five-year period, WHtR, CVAI, and LAP increased significantly (β = 0.00489, β = 4.51607, β = 6.37441; all p < 0.001), while ABSI decreased (β = −0.00048, p < 0.001). Interaction effects showed that diabetic participants experienced reductions in VAI, WHtR, CVAI, and LAP, indication a time-dependent change. In contrast, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension had stable effects on obesity indices, with no significant changes over time.Conclusion: This study provides nationally representative baseline ranges, temporal changes and influencing factors of novel obesity indexes among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. These findings underscore the potential of these obesity indices to guide clinical interventions aimed at controlling and preventing obesity-related health issues.