Los metales pesados (MP) en un agroecosistema son un problema ambiental que pone en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria. Se evaluó la presencia de los MP en agua de riego, suelo y plantas cultivadas (PC) en un agroecosistema hortícola periurbano en Huánuco-Perú. Se recolectaron 19 muestras aleatorias tanto de suelo como de PC, y 2 muestras de agua, que fueron analizadas en un laboratorio acreditado por el Instituto Nacional de Calidad (INACAL). Los resultados revelan que no existe contaminación en el agua de riego con un índice de carga de contaminación (ICC) de 0,0006, mientras que evidencia contaminación en el suelo agrícola (ICC=7,42) y en las PC (ICC=1,70). La interacción PC*Agua de riego presenta mayor acumulación de Zn, Cd, Cr y Pb, provocado por el transporte en dilución. En conclusión, los componentes suelo y plantas cultivadas del agroecosistema hortícola presentan niveles de contaminación por metales pesados, los cuales se agravan por su movilización a través del agua de riego. Esta dinámica favorece la acumulación progresiva de metales en el sistema productivo, representando un riesgo potencial para el ambiente y la salud pública.

The objective of the research was to determine the number of days to male and female flowering and the yield components of plant and ear height and grain weight of the commercial hybrids under study, for which the field trial was installed under a DBCA design, with 6 treatments and 4 repetitions, having sowed on April 24, 2018, after a pre - sowing irrigation in the Olericultural Fruit Research Center of the Professional School of Agronomic Engineering of the National Hermilio Valdizán University de Huánuco-Peru, obtaining the following conclusions The sowing season influences the beginning of flowering of the hybrids under study, The hybrids did not reach a greater development of height of plant, being the lowest height the DK 7088 and the highest height the ATLAS 105, also behaved as the earliest DK 7088 and the latest the ATL 50. The lowest performances were obtained with the ATL 50 with 5823.86 kg per hectare And the highest yield with 8096.59 kg per hectare with the ATLAS 105 hybrid. Keywords: hybrid, yellow corn, yield

Uno de los problemas de la agricultura en la actualidad es la escasez del agua disponible para los cultivos. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el uso de un hidrogel (plantagel con una composición de 96% de poliacrilato de potasio no toxico) en el estrés hídrico del cultivo de maíz morado PMV-581 y evaluar su desarrollo y rendimiento. Los tratamientos fueron a tres dosis de 50, 70, 90 kg ha^-1 de hidrogel (plantagel) y un testigo sin aplicación de hidrogel, los resultados indican el tratamiento control T0. Requiere el mayor número de riegos (con 15 riegos y sin aplicación de hidrogel) el tratamiento T1(con 12 riegos y 50 kg ha^-1 de hidrogel), el T2 (con 10 riegos y 70 kg ha^-1 de hidrogel) y el T3 (con 8 riegos y 90 kg ha^-1 de hidrogel) el T3 obtuvo el rendimiento más alto de 6,50 t ha^-1, con una lámina de agua de 1500,84 m³, menor al resto de tratamientos, concluyéndose que el hidrogel influye en la retención de humedad del suelo y su efecto se expresa en el rendimiento del maíz morado. Estos resultados proporcionan información valiosa que el uso del hidrogel (plantagel) podría aplicarse eficazmente como aditivo del suelo para aliviar el estrés por sequía en el cultivo de maíz morado.

In the germplasm bank of 22 varieties of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) belonging to the Fruit Horticultural Institute Investigation, HermilioValdizan National University (UNHEVAL)-Peru, it is common to observe a high population of the species Oligonychusyothersi, a phytophagous mite harmful to the crop. Controls with commercial acaricides are restricted in place, due to the presence of beehives installed in adjacent plots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four commercial formulations containing strains of Metarhiziumanisopliae and Beauveria bassiana and the toxins of Bacillussubtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki (Btk) for the control of O. yothersi. The entomopathogenic products were evaluated in the field applying a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replicates. In the laboratory, 500 adult mites were selected, placing 100 mites per Petri dish with three repetitions per treatment. It was found that the formulation Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki under field conditions reduced the population incidence of mites by up to 98.07% in 49 days. In the laboratory, the B. subtilis and M. anisopliae formulations caused 100% mortality six days after application proving to be efficient control alternatives.

Background. No previous records of Tosale oviplagalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as an agricultural pest have been found. In Peru, the Chinchao area is part of the conservation area of the Carpish Montane Regional Forest, currently an expansion area for passion fruit (Passiflora ligularis Juss) cultivation and is home to endemic insect species that can access new food resources in the areas with crops. of cultivation. In 2019, the first reports of damage to granadilla fruits caused by these insects emerged. Objective. To register T. oviplagalis species for the first time as an agricultural pest in granadilla fruits and to showe its damage. Methodology. The larvae of the species were collected together with the immature damaged fruits of granadilla between the months of February and August of the year 2019, in the Chinchao-Huánuco-Peru area located between 2110 to 3690 masl; Subsequently, the breeding in the laboratory and the respective identification were carried out. Damage observations and descriptions were made in the field and in the laboratory. Results. In the larval state, the insect pierces the fruits, enters and feeds on the internal part of the epicarp, on its way it forms tunnels under the epidermis and usually takes refuge internally in the insertion of the peduncle, they complete their development and in the last stage occupying the same entrance orifice, they abandon the fruit, letting themselves fall to the ground to pupate. Implications. The study presents new information on the pest habits of the species T. oviplagalis. Conclusions. The species T. oviplagalis is recorded for the first time as a pest on the fruits of granadilla (P. ligularis). It was possible to show its damage, at the beginning with a small hole in the fruit through which the larval entered, completely deteriorated fruits and the complete development of the larva within the damaged fruit.

The introduction of vegetables as an alternative crop in the Peruvian high jungle also implies the search for environmentally friendly pest control methods and the care of biodiversity, here we evaluate the biocidal effect of aqueous extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica), barbasco (Lonchocarpus nicou L.) and molle (Schinus molle L.) for the control of the flea (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) during the 2020 agricultural campaign, in a Randomized Complete Block design (DBCA ) with 3 treatments, plus absolute control and 4 replicates. The extracts were prepared from the combination of leaves, stems, bark, fruits, and roots of the plants at a rate of 1kg and applied at a dose of 6 ml per liter of water. The barbasco was the most efficient in reducing the number of aphids per plant and the most toxic to cause 75.34% mortality in 45 days of treatment, followed by molle with 61.43% and with pellet weight of up to 1725g It is concluded that plant extracts decreased aphid populations and are suitable for use in Integrated Management programs.