This article provides an overview of various preparation methods for gold nanoparticles and their diverse strategies based on localized surface plasmon resonance sensing in the field of biomedical detection.

Polarization detection in deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light is realized with monoclinic Ga ₂ O ₃ nanobelts.

The anisotropic properties and applications of β-gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) are comprehensively reviewed. All the anisotropic properties are essentially resulted from the anisotropic crystal structure. The process flow of how to exfoliate nanoflakes from bulk material is introduced. Anisotropic optical properties, including optical bandgap, Raman and photoluminescence characters are comprehensively reviewed. Three measurement configurations of angle-resolved polarized Raman spectra (ARPRS) are reviewed, with Raman intensity formulas calculated with Raman tensor elements. The method to obtain the Raman tensor elements of phonon modes through experimental fitting is also introduced. In addition, the anisotropy in electron mobility and affinity are discussed. The applications, especially polarization photodetectors, based on β-Ga₂O₃ were summarized comprehensively. Three kinds of polarization detection mechanisms based on material dichroism, 1D morphology and metal-grids are discussed in-depth. This review paper provides a framework for anisotropic optical and electric properties of β-Ga₂O₃, as well as the applications based on these characters, and is expected to lead to a wider discussion on this topic.