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Nieves Lantada
Division of Geotechnical Engineering and Geosciences, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. C. Jordi Girona 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 11 August 2020 in Geosciences
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Real-scale fragmentation tests provide high quality data in order to study the fragmentation pattern of rock blocks. In the tests carried out, the initial rock mass, in terms of both volume and shape, was reconstructed by means of 3D photogrammetry. The fragments size distribution of the bocks tested was measured by hand using a tape. The drop tests were performed in four different sites, releasing a total of 124 blocks and measuring 2907 fragments. The obtained fragment size distributions may be well fitted using power laws. The survival rate (Sr), which is the proportion of remaining block shows a wide range of values. Observing the fragment distribution, two parameters are needed to characterize the fragmentation: the number of fragments produced and Sr. The intensity of the fragmentation is expressed by the exponent of the fitted power laws. Although the results are highly variable and show a stochastic behavior of the fragmentation, we have identified different patterns that reflect some local test conditions.

ACS Style

Roger Ruiz-Carulla; Jordi Corominas; Josep Gili; Gerard Matas; Nieves Lantada; Jose Moya; Albert Prades; M. Núñez-Andrés; Felipe Buill; Carol Puig. Analysis of Fragmentation of Rock Blocks from Real-Scale Tests. Geosciences 2020, 10, 308 .

AMA Style

Roger Ruiz-Carulla, Jordi Corominas, Josep Gili, Gerard Matas, Nieves Lantada, Jose Moya, Albert Prades, M. Núñez-Andrés, Felipe Buill, Carol Puig. Analysis of Fragmentation of Rock Blocks from Real-Scale Tests. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (8):308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roger Ruiz-Carulla; Jordi Corominas; Josep Gili; Gerard Matas; Nieves Lantada; Jose Moya; Albert Prades; M. Núñez-Andrés; Felipe Buill; Carol Puig. 2020. "Analysis of Fragmentation of Rock Blocks from Real-Scale Tests." Geosciences 10, no. 8: 308.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2020 in Geosciences
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In this paper, we present the upgraded version of RockGIS, a stochastic program for the numerical simulation of rockfalls and their fragmentation, based on a fractal model. The code has been improved to account for a range of fragmentation scenarios, depending on the impact conditions. In the simulation, the parameters of the fractal fragmentation model that define the sizes of the generated fragments were computed at each impact according to the kinematic conditions. The performance of the upgraded code was verified and validated by real-scale rockfall tests performed in a quarry. The tests consisted of the release of 21 limestone blocks. For each release, the size and spatial distribution of the fragments generated by the impacts were measured by hand and from orthophotos taken via drone flights. The trajectories of the blocks and the resulting fragments were simulated with the code and calibrated with both the volume distribution and the runout distances of the fragments. Finally, as all the relevant rockfall parameters involved were affected by strong uncertainty and spatial variability, a parametric analysis was carried out and is discussed.

ACS Style

Gerard Matas; Nieves Lantada; Jordi Corominas; Josep Gili; Roger Ruiz-Carulla; Albert Prades. Simulation of Full-Scale Rockfall Tests with a Fragmentation Model. Geosciences 2020, 10, 168 .

AMA Style

Gerard Matas, Nieves Lantada, Jordi Corominas, Josep Gili, Roger Ruiz-Carulla, Albert Prades. Simulation of Full-Scale Rockfall Tests with a Fragmentation Model. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (5):168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerard Matas; Nieves Lantada; Jordi Corominas; Josep Gili; Roger Ruiz-Carulla; Albert Prades. 2020. "Simulation of Full-Scale Rockfall Tests with a Fragmentation Model." Geosciences 10, no. 5: 168.

Conference paper
Published: 22 April 2020 in Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences
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Cardona area presents surface rising and subsidence active movements. In 1999 a series of sinkholes appeared due to the infiltration of Cardener River water into the mine tunnels, damaging surface infrastructures. Since then, high precision GNSS/GPS was used annually to position a network of 40 points spread over the area. GNSS/GPS work is carried out with the Fast-Static (FS) method. Additionally the surface movements have been monitored with satellite Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR). Results indicate that the movement has a complex spatial distribution although consistent along time. Some areas show surface rising during the last two decades, while other areas show subsidence. The use of the two techniques allowed to determine the most plausible causes of these movements generated by a set of interwoven natural and human-induced complex processes.

ACS Style

Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras; Carolina Puig-Polo; Nieves Lantada; Jose A. Gili; Jordi Marturià. Two decades of GPS/GNSS and DInSAR monitoring of Cardona salt mines (NE of Spain) – natural and mining-induced mechanisms and processes. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 2020, 382, 167 -172.

AMA Style

Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras, Carolina Puig-Polo, Nieves Lantada, Jose A. Gili, Jordi Marturià. Two decades of GPS/GNSS and DInSAR monitoring of Cardona salt mines (NE of Spain) – natural and mining-induced mechanisms and processes. Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences. 2020; 382 ():167-172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xavier Rodriguez-Lloveras; Carolina Puig-Polo; Nieves Lantada; Jose A. Gili; Jordi Marturià. 2020. "Two decades of GPS/GNSS and DInSAR monitoring of Cardona salt mines (NE of Spain) – natural and mining-induced mechanisms and processes." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382, no. : 167-172.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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A rockfall is a rapid mass movement generated by the detachment of a rock volume from the slope that falls, rolls and bounces during its propagation downhill. Rockfalls have great destructive potential due to the high kinetic and impact energies that may reach during the propagation. Rockfalls are frequent instability processes in road cuts, open pit mines and quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. The initial mobilized mass can be either a single massive block or a set of blocks defined by the joints present in the massif. During the propagation, the block or blocks detached may break when impacts against the terrain, producing a distribution of fragments with independent trajectories. Knowledge of the size and trajectory of the blocks resulting from fragmentation is critical for the assessment of the potential damage and the design of protective structures.

In this contribution, we summarise the main achievements of the RockModels project (BIA2016-75668-P, AEI/FEDER,UE). This project aims at quantifying the risk induced by fragmental rockfalls, by developing quantitative risk assessment methodologies and providing tools to improve its prevention and mitigation. It has three general objectives: i) Explicit identification of unstable rock volumes and stability assessment; ii)Development and validation of a fragmentation model, iii) Rockfall propagation analysis by means of the development of a 3D simulator tool and its calibration.

The use of geomatic techniques such as terrestrial photogrammetry or from UAV allow the generation of high-resolution 3D models of cliffs and the joint system characterization based on 3D point clouds. The orientation and persistence of joints within the rock mass define the kinematically unstable rock volumes and determine the initial block size distribution.  We inventoried fragmental rockfalls occurred in Spain by obtaining a 3D model, the orthophoto, specific cartographies and detailed volumes measurements to obtain the block size distribution in the deposits of each event. The fragmental rockfalls inventory have been collected in a spatial database using PostGIS and following the INSPIRE directive for natural hazards. This data can be consulted at different scales with a developed Web Map Service (WMS) (https://rockdb.upc.edu/). The inventory is the empirical data used to developed, calibrate and validate the Rockfall Fractal Fragmentation Model proposed, as well as the 3D trajectory simulator RockGIS that incorporates the fragmentation module.

More empirical data has been obtained by performing 4 real scale fragmentation test in a quarry. The impact of each block and trajectories of the fragments were recorded by several high speed cameras from different points of view. A program has been implemented to measure the kinematics of each tested block using the high-speed videos. The obtained kinematic parameters have been used for the calibration of the RockGIS simulator. An additional essay was carry out at laboratory to study the effect of the comminution among blocks. The distribution of fragments obtained confirms that the blocks undergoing greater confinement generate a greater number of fragments decreasing their maximum volume.

ACS Style

Nieves Lantada; Jordi Corominas; Josep A. Gili; Gerard Matas; Roger Ruiz-Carulla; Albert Prades; Càrol Puig-Polo; M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés; Jose Moya; Felipe Buill; Olga Mavrouli. The RockModels Project: Rockfalls Characterization and Modelling. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Nieves Lantada, Jordi Corominas, Josep A. Gili, Gerard Matas, Roger Ruiz-Carulla, Albert Prades, Càrol Puig-Polo, M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés, Jose Moya, Felipe Buill, Olga Mavrouli. The RockModels Project: Rockfalls Characterization and Modelling. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nieves Lantada; Jordi Corominas; Josep A. Gili; Gerard Matas; Roger Ruiz-Carulla; Albert Prades; Càrol Puig-Polo; M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés; Jose Moya; Felipe Buill; Olga Mavrouli. 2020. "The RockModels Project: Rockfalls Characterization and Modelling." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2020 in Automation in Construction
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Basemaps are the main resource used in urban planning, building and infrastructure asset management. Therefore, they must be accurate and up to date to better serve citizens, contractors, property owners and town planning departments. Traditionally, they have been updated by aerial photogrammetry, but this is not always possible and alternatives need to be sought. In such cases, a useful option for large scales is the mobile mapping system (MMS). However, automatic extraction from MMS point clouds is limited by the complexity of the urban environment. Therefore, the influence of the urban pattern is analysed in three zones with varied urban characteristics: areas with high buildings, open areas, and areas with a low level of urbanization. In these areas, the capture and automatic extraction of 3D urban elements is performed using commercial software, which is useful for some elements but not for manholes. The objective of this study is to establish a methodology for extracting manholes automatically and completing hidden buildings' corners, in order to update urban basemaps. Shape and intensity are the main detection parameters for manholes, whereas additional information from satellite image Quickbird is used to complete the buildings. The worst rate of detection for all the extracted urban elements was found in areas of high buildings. Finally, the article analyses the computing cost for manhole extraction, and the economic cost and time consume of the entire process, including the proposed methodology using an MMS point cloud and the traditional survey in this case.

ACS Style

Omar Alshaiba; M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés; Nieves Lantada. Automatic manhole extraction from MMS data to update basemaps. Automation in Construction 2020, 113, 103110 .

AMA Style

Omar Alshaiba, M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés, Nieves Lantada. Automatic manhole extraction from MMS data to update basemaps. Automation in Construction. 2020; 113 ():103110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Alshaiba; M. Amparo Núñez-Andrés; Nieves Lantada. 2020. "Automatic manhole extraction from MMS data to update basemaps." Automation in Construction 113, no. : 103110.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2020 in Sustainability
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The basic input when seismic risk is estimated in urban environments is the expected physical damage level of buildings. The vulnerability index and capacity spectrum-based methods are the tools that have been used most to estimate the probability of occurrence of this important variable. Although both methods provide adequate estimates, they involve simplifications that are no longer necessary, given the current capacity of computers. In this study, an advanced method is developed that avoids many of these simplifications. The method starts from current state-of-the-art approaches, but it incorporates non-linear dynamic analysis and a probabilistic focus. Thus, the method considers not only the nonlinear dynamic response of the structures, modeled as multi degree of freedom systems (MDoF), but also uncertainties related to the loads, the geometry of the buildings, the mechanical properties of the materials and the seismic action. Once the method has been developed, the buildings are subjected to earthquake records that are selected and scaled according to the seismic hazard of the site and considering the probabilistic nature of the seismic actions. The practical applications of the method are illustrated with a case study: framed reinforced concrete buildings that are typical of an important district, the Eixample, in Barcelona (Spain). The building typology and the district were chosen because the seismic risk in Barcelona has been thoroughly studied, so detailed information about buildings’ features, seismic hazard and expected risk is available. Hence, the current results can be compared with those obtained using simpler, less sophisticated methods. The main aspects of the method are presented and discussed first. Then, the case study is described and the results obtained with the capacity spectrum method are compared with the results using the approach presented here. The results at hand show reasonably good agreement with previous seismic damage and risk scenarios in Barcelona, but the new method provides richer, more detailed, more reliable information. This is particularly useful for seismic risk reduction, prevention and management, to move towards more resilient, sustainable cities.

ACS Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate; Nieves Lantada; Ramón González-Drigo; Luis Pujades. Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1308 .

AMA Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate, Nieves Lantada, Ramón González-Drigo, Luis Pujades. Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yeudy Vargas-Alzate; Nieves Lantada; Ramón González-Drigo; Luis Pujades. 2020. "Seismic Risk Assessment Using Stochastic Nonlinear Models." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1308.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2019 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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Risk management due to natural hazards is a multidimensional and complex problem since it requires the knowledge and experience of several disciplines. The effectiveness of risk management can be analyzed, inviting to the action through weakness identification of the urban area. This article proposes a methodology based on the morphological analysis to support the decision-making on disaster risk management, taking as a starting point the results of a holistic evaluation of the seismic risk. The results of the holistic evaluation of risk are achieved aggravating the physical risk using the contextual conditions, such as the socio-economic fragility and the lack of resilience. In consequence, the risk mitigation can be performed through the reduction of the potential damage and consequences involved; and the improvement of social conditions. The proposed methodology allows prioritizing the risk reduction strategies according to i) performance level of component indicators involved into the Disaster Risk Management index, DRMi; ii) physical risk factors dependent from the potential damages, and iii) aggravating factors involved in the aggravating coefficient. Moreover, it involves 35 strategies to reduce the physical risk and the aggravating social conditions of the urban area. The proposed methodology has been applied to the city of Mérida (Venezuela), located within an area of high seismic activity. The performance level of the indicators involved in the DRMi was evaluated by a survey to local experts. As a result, eleven strategies have been identified to reduce the potential damage and to improve the social conditions of this city.

ACS Style

Nieves Lantada; Martha Liliana Carreño; Nayive Jaramillo. Disaster risk reduction: A decision-making support tool based on the morphological analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2019, 42, 101342 .

AMA Style

Nieves Lantada, Martha Liliana Carreño, Nayive Jaramillo. Disaster risk reduction: A decision-making support tool based on the morphological analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2019; 42 ():101342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nieves Lantada; Martha Liliana Carreño; Nayive Jaramillo. 2019. "Disaster risk reduction: A decision-making support tool based on the morphological analysis." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 42, no. : 101342.

Original research
Published: 13 November 2018 in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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Risk assessment and management is an important step towards resilient and sustainable cities. Among many other perils, both natural and manmade, seismic risk is a major threat for resilience and sustainability. In recent decades, several methods for seismic risk assessment have been proposed, including the well-known Vulnerability Index Method (VIM). In this study, a probabilistic version of the VIM, which we call the Vulnerability Index Method-Probabilistic (VIM_P), is proposed. The VIM_P requires essential information on the seismic hazard and on the vulnerability of the building stock. Seismic hazard is determined using the exceedance rates of macroseismic intensities, as defined in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS). Seismic vulnerability is defined by means of vulnerability probability density functions (pdf) that describe the probability distribution of the corresponding vulnerability index. Beta-like functions are used for these pdfs. VIM_P quantifies seismic vulnerability by means of three vulnerability curves, Lower, Best and Upper, according to the quantity and quality of available information, thus allowing three estimates of seismic vulnerability and risk. Then, seismic risk is computed via the convolution of seismic hazard and seismic vulnerability, considering semi-empirical damage functions. Seismic risk is given through the exceedance frequencies of the damage grades. To highlight the capabilities of the VIM_P, the seismic risk of about 70,000 residential buildings in Barcelona was assessed. According to the results, the exceedance frequency of the collapse damage state for more than the 50% of the buildings in the Eixample district would be greater than 1 × 10−5. This confirms the relatively high seismic risk in the city, mainly due to the high vulnerability of the built environment. Specific software, USERISK20015, has been developed for routine applications of VIM_P. It is hoped that VIM_P and this new tool for seismic risk assessment will be useful to stakeholders and civil protection authorities for risk management and prioritizing actions that can help to create more resilient, sustainable cities.

ACS Style

Armando Aguilar-Meléndez; Luis G. Pujades; Alex H. Barbat; Mario G. Ordaz; Josep De La Puente; Nieves Lantada; Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya. A probabilistic approach for seismic risk assessment based on vulnerability functions. Application to Barcelona. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2018, 17, 1863 -1890.

AMA Style

Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, Luis G. Pujades, Alex H. Barbat, Mario G. Ordaz, Josep De La Puente, Nieves Lantada, Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya. A probabilistic approach for seismic risk assessment based on vulnerability functions. Application to Barcelona. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2018; 17 (4):1863-1890.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armando Aguilar-Meléndez; Luis G. Pujades; Alex H. Barbat; Mario G. Ordaz; Josep De La Puente; Nieves Lantada; Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya. 2018. "A probabilistic approach for seismic risk assessment based on vulnerability functions. Application to Barcelona." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17, no. 4: 1863-1890.

Review
Published: 21 August 2018 in International Journal of Architectural Heritage
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ACS Style

N. Lantada; L.G. Pujades; A.H. Barbat. Earthquake Risk Scenarios in Urban Areas: A Review with Applications to the Ciutat Vella District in Barcelona, Spain. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2018, 12, 1112 -1130.

AMA Style

N. Lantada, L.G. Pujades, A.H. Barbat. Earthquake Risk Scenarios in Urban Areas: A Review with Applications to the Ciutat Vella District in Barcelona, Spain. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2018; 12 (7-8):1112-1130.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Lantada; L.G. Pujades; A.H. Barbat. 2018. "Earthquake Risk Scenarios in Urban Areas: A Review with Applications to the Ciutat Vella District in Barcelona, Spain." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 12, no. 7-8: 1112-1130.

Chapter
Published: 03 August 2018 in Resilient Cities
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The knowledge of seismic risk of buildings can contribute to increase the resilience of cities. In the present work a new assessment of the seismic risk of dwelling buildings of Barcelona was done. This assessment was performed according to a probabilistic methodology, which is summarized in the following steps: (1) performing a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) to obtain exceedance rates of macroseismic intensities; (2) performing a probabilistic seismic vulnerability assessment (PSVA) of each building in order to determine probability density functions that describe the variation of a vulnerability index; and (3) performing a probabilistic seismic risk assessment (PSRA) to generate seismic risk curves in terms of frequencies of exceedance of damage states. In the present work 69,982 dwelling buildings of Barcelona were assessed. According to the results the percentage of dwelling buildings of Barcelona that have a probability equal or greater than 1% of suffer partial collapse in the next 50 years is a value between 0% and 34.29%. A value of 0% corresponds to the results of seismic risk obtained for the case where regional vulnerability modifiers were not considered during the procedure to assess the seismic vulnerability of buildings and 34.29% correspond to the case where regional vulnerability modifiers were considered. For the same two options, the losses due to the physical damage of the dwelling buildings of Barcelona assessed for an exposure time of 50 years, could vary from 807.3 to 1739.4 millions of euros, respectively. Finally, possible uses of the seismic risk results computed in the present work are mentioned.

ACS Style

Armando Aguilar-Meléndez; Lluis G. Pujades; Josep De La Puente; Alex H. Barbat; Mario G. Ordaz S.; Sergio Natan González-Rocha; Carlos M. Welsh-Rodríguez; Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya; Nieves Lantada; Luis Ibarra; Alejandro García-Elias; Amelia Campos-Rios. Probabilistic Assessment of Seismic Risk of Dwelling Buildings of Barcelona. Implication for the City Resilience. Resilient Cities 2018, 229 -265.

AMA Style

Armando Aguilar-Meléndez, Lluis G. Pujades, Josep De La Puente, Alex H. Barbat, Mario G. Ordaz S., Sergio Natan González-Rocha, Carlos M. Welsh-Rodríguez, Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya, Nieves Lantada, Luis Ibarra, Alejandro García-Elias, Amelia Campos-Rios. Probabilistic Assessment of Seismic Risk of Dwelling Buildings of Barcelona. Implication for the City Resilience. Resilient Cities. 2018; ():229-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Armando Aguilar-Meléndez; Lluis G. Pujades; Josep De La Puente; Alex H. Barbat; Mario G. Ordaz S.; Sergio Natan González-Rocha; Carlos M. Welsh-Rodríguez; Héctor E. Rodríguez-Lozoya; Nieves Lantada; Luis Ibarra; Alejandro García-Elias; Amelia Campos-Rios. 2018. "Probabilistic Assessment of Seismic Risk of Dwelling Buildings of Barcelona. Implication for the City Resilience." Resilient Cities , no. : 229-265.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2018 in Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
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The analysis of seismic signals obtained from near‐source triaxial accelerometer recordings of two single‐block rockfall experiments is presented. The tests were carried out under controlled conditions in two quarries in northeastern Spain; In the first test (Foj limestone quarry, Barcelona), 30 blocks were released with masses ranging between 475 and 11,480 kg. The second test (Ponderosa andesite quarry, Tarragona), consisted of the release of 44 blocks with masses from 466 to 13,581 kg. An accelerometer and three high‐speed video cameras were deployed, so that the trajectories, velocities and block fragmentation could be tracked precisely. These data were used to explore the relationship between seismic energy and rockfall kinetics (the latter obtained from video analysis). We determined absolute and relative values of seismic energy and used them to estimate rockfall volumes. Finally, the seismic signature of block fragmentation was assessed in both the frequency and time domains. The ratios of seismic energy after impact to kinetic energy before impact ranged between 10−6 and 10−4. These variables were weakly correlated. The use of seismic energy relative to impacting kinetic energy was preferred for the estimation of volumes. Block fragmentation impacts were dominated by higher acceleration spectrum centroid frequencies than those of non‐fragmentation impacts: 56.62 Hz ± 2.88 and 48.46 ± 4.39 at Foj, 55.24 ± 7.55 and 39.5 ± 6.0 at Ponderosa.

ACS Style

L. Salo; J. Corominas; N. Lantada; G. Matas; A. Prades; R. Ruiz-Carulla. Seismic Energy Analysis as Generated by Impact and Fragmentation of Single-Block Experimental Rockfalls. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 2018, 123, 1450 -1478.

AMA Style

L. Salo, J. Corominas, N. Lantada, G. Matas, A. Prades, R. Ruiz-Carulla. Seismic Energy Analysis as Generated by Impact and Fragmentation of Single-Block Experimental Rockfalls. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 2018; 123 (6):1450-1478.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Salo; J. Corominas; N. Lantada; G. Matas; A. Prades; R. Ruiz-Carulla. 2018. "Seismic Energy Analysis as Generated by Impact and Fragmentation of Single-Block Experimental Rockfalls." Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 123, no. 6: 1450-1478.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2017 in Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería
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ACS Style

Martha Liliana Carreño; N. Lantada; N. Jaramillo. Fuzzy influence system for muti-hazard physical risk assessment in urban areas. Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Martha Liliana Carreño, N. Lantada, N. Jaramillo. Fuzzy influence system for muti-hazard physical risk assessment in urban areas. Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martha Liliana Carreño; N. Lantada; N. Jaramillo. 2017. "Fuzzy influence system for muti-hazard physical risk assessment in urban areas." Revista Internacional de Métodos Numéricos para Cálculo y Diseño en Ingeniería , no. : 1.

Original paper
Published: 31 March 2017 in Landslides
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A rockfall is a mass instability event frequently observed in road cuts, open pit mines and quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. After its detachment, the rock mass may disaggregate and break due to the impact with the ground surface, thus producing new rock fragments. The consideration of the fragmentation of the rockfall mass is critical for the calculation of the trajectories of the blocks and the impact energies and for the assessment of the potential damage and the design of protective structures. In this paper, we present RockGIS, a GIS-based tool that simulates stochastically the fragmentation of the rockfall, based on a lumped mass approach. In RockGIS, the fragmentation is triggered by the disaggregation of the detached rock mass through the pre-existing discontinuities just before the impact with the ground. An energy threshold is defined in order to determine whether the impacting blocks break or not. The distribution of the initial mass between a set of newly generated rock fragments is carried out stochastically following a power law. The trajectories of the new rock fragments are distributed within a cone. The fragmentation model has been calibrated and tested with a 10,000 m3 rockfall that took place in 2011 near Vilanova de Banat, Eastern Pyrenees, Spain.

ACS Style

G. Matas; Nieves Lantada; Jordi Corominas; Josep Gili; R. Ruiz-Carulla; A. Prades. RockGIS: a GIS-based model for the analysis of fragmentation in rockfalls. Landslides 2017, 14, 1565 -1578.

AMA Style

G. Matas, Nieves Lantada, Jordi Corominas, Josep Gili, R. Ruiz-Carulla, A. Prades. RockGIS: a GIS-based model for the analysis of fragmentation in rockfalls. Landslides. 2017; 14 (5):1565-1578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. Matas; Nieves Lantada; Jordi Corominas; Josep Gili; R. Ruiz-Carulla; A. Prades. 2017. "RockGIS: a GIS-based model for the analysis of fragmentation in rockfalls." Landslides 14, no. 5: 1565-1578.

Conference paper
Published: 18 October 2016 in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
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The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAVs to image capture for monitoring natural hazards has had a major boost for its wide possibilities in the last decade. These are, for example, the studying and monitoring of unstable slopes, glaciers and rocky escarpments. Moreover, to evaluate the risk after a rockfall or debris flow event, for example measuring volume of displaced material, trajectories of blocks or building and/or infrastructure damaged. But the use of these devices requires a specific treatment regarding the studied case and geomatic techniques suitable to get the adequate precision of the movement, size of items or events to study. For each application it is necessary to determine what kind of capture is the most appropriate to obtain an optimal benefit-cost ratio. A comparison of the use of terrestrial photogrammetry, UAV photogrammetry and video from UAV has been done. The best result has been obtained combining techniques aerial and terrestrial since ground points with a best quality can be identified and measured and all the surface has a best image coverage.

ACS Style

Felipe Buill; María Amparo Núñez-Andrés; Nieves Lantada; Albert Prades. Comparison of Photogrammetric Techniques for Rockfalls Monitoring. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016, 44, 042023 .

AMA Style

Felipe Buill, María Amparo Núñez-Andrés, Nieves Lantada, Albert Prades. Comparison of Photogrammetric Techniques for Rockfalls Monitoring. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2016; 44 (4):042023.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Felipe Buill; María Amparo Núñez-Andrés; Nieves Lantada; Albert Prades. 2016. "Comparison of Photogrammetric Techniques for Rockfalls Monitoring." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44, no. 4: 042023.

Original article
Published: 03 October 2016 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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A landslide susceptibility map is an essential tool for land-use spatial planning and management in mountain areas. However, a classification system used for readability determines the final appearance of the map and may therefore influence the decision-making tasks adopted. The present paper addresses the spatial comparison and the accuracy assessment of some well-known classification methods applied to a susceptibility map that was based on a discriminant statistical model in an area in the Eastern Pyrenees. A number of statistical approaches (Spearman’s correlation, kappa index, factorial and cluster analyses and landslide density index) for map comparison were performed to quantify the information provided by the usual image analysis. The results showed the reliability and consistency of the kappa index against Spearman’s correlation as accuracy measures to assess the spatial agreement between maps. Inferential tests between unweighted and linear weighted kappa results showed that all the maps were more reliable in classifying areas of highest susceptibility and less reliable in classifying areas of low to moderate susceptibility. The spatial variability detected and quantified by factorial and cluster analyses showed that the maps classified by quantile and natural break methods were the closest whereas those classified by landslide percentage and equal interval methods displayed the greatest differences. The difference image analysis showed that the five classified maps only matched 9 % of the area. This area corresponded to the steeper slopes and the steeper watershed angle with forestless and sunny slopes at low altitudes. This means that the five maps coincide in identifying and classifying the most dangerous areas. The equal interval map overestimated the susceptibility of the study area, and the landslide percentage map was considered to be a very optimistic model. The spatial pattern of the quantile and natural break maps was very similar, but the latter was more consistent and predicted potential landslides more efficiently and reliably in the study area.

ACS Style

Cristina Baeza; Nieves Lantada; Samuel Amorim. Statistical and spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility maps with different classification systems. Environmental Earth Sciences 2016, 75, 1318 .

AMA Style

Cristina Baeza, Nieves Lantada, Samuel Amorim. Statistical and spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility maps with different classification systems. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2016; 75 (19):1318.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Baeza; Nieves Lantada; Samuel Amorim. 2016. "Statistical and spatial analysis of landslide susceptibility maps with different classification systems." Environmental Earth Sciences 75, no. 19: 1318.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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Usually the seismic risk evaluation involves only the estimation of the expected physical damage, casualties or economic losses. This article corresponds to a holistic approach for seismic risk assessment which involves the evaluation of the social fragility and the lack of resilience. The complementary evaluation of social context aspects such as the distribution of the population, the absence of economic and social development, deficiencies in institutional management, and lack of capacity for response and recovery; is useful in order to have seismic risk evaluation suitable to support a decision making processes for risk reduction. \ud The proposed methodology allows a standardized assessment of the social fragility and lack of resilience, by means of an aggravating coefficient of which summarizes the characteristics of the social context using fuzzy sets and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The selection of 20 social indicators is based on the indicators used by urban observatories of United Nations and other social researchers. These indicators are classified according to social item they describe, in six categories. Applying the determination level analysis, thirteen prevailing social indicators are selected. The proposed methodology has been applied in the cities of Merida (Venezuela) and Barcelona (Spain).Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

ACS Style

Nayive Jaramillo; Martha Liliana Carreño; Nieves Lantada. Evaluation of social context integrated into the study of seismic risk for urban areas. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2016, 17, 185 -198.

AMA Style

Nayive Jaramillo, Martha Liliana Carreño, Nieves Lantada. Evaluation of social context integrated into the study of seismic risk for urban areas. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2016; 17 ():185-198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nayive Jaramillo; Martha Liliana Carreño; Nieves Lantada. 2016. "Evaluation of social context integrated into the study of seismic risk for urban areas." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 17, no. : 185-198.

Proceedings article
Published: 29 July 2016 in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future
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G Matas; N Lantada; J Gili; J Corominas; Reşat Ulusay; Ömer Aydan; Hasan Gerçek; Ali Hindistan; Ergün Tuncay. Simulation of rockfall fragmentation mechanism in a GIS-based tool. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future 2016, 671 -675.

AMA Style

G Matas, N Lantada, J Gili, J Corominas, Reşat Ulusay, Ömer Aydan, Hasan Gerçek, Ali Hindistan, Ergün Tuncay. Simulation of rockfall fragmentation mechanism in a GIS-based tool. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future. 2016; ():671-675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G Matas; N Lantada; J Gili; J Corominas; Reşat Ulusay; Ömer Aydan; Hasan Gerçek; Ali Hindistan; Ergün Tuncay. 2016. "Simulation of rockfall fragmentation mechanism in a GIS-based tool." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering: From the Past to the Future , no. : 671-675.

Book chapter
Published: 06 June 2016 in Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice
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Josep Gili; R Ruiz; G Matas; J Corominas; N Lantada; M Nunez; O Mavrouli; F Buill; J Moya; A Prades; S Moreno. Experimental study on rockfall fragmentation: In situ test design and first results. Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice 2016, 983 -990.

AMA Style

Josep Gili, R Ruiz, G Matas, J Corominas, N Lantada, M Nunez, O Mavrouli, F Buill, J Moya, A Prades, S Moreno. Experimental study on rockfall fragmentation: In situ test design and first results. Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice. 2016; ():983-990.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Josep Gili; R Ruiz; G Matas; J Corominas; N Lantada; M Nunez; O Mavrouli; F Buill; J Moya; A Prades; S Moreno. 2016. "Experimental study on rockfall fragmentation: In situ test design and first results." Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice , no. : 983-990.

Book chapter
Published: 06 June 2016 in Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice
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ACS Style

M Hürlimann; N Lantada; M González; J Pinyol. Susceptibility assessment of rainfall-triggered flows and slides in the central-eastern Pyrenees. Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice 2016, 1129 -1136.

AMA Style

M Hürlimann, N Lantada, M González, J Pinyol. Susceptibility assessment of rainfall-triggered flows and slides in the central-eastern Pyrenees. Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice. 2016; ():1129-1136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M Hürlimann; N Lantada; M González; J Pinyol. 2016. "Susceptibility assessment of rainfall-triggered flows and slides in the central-eastern Pyrenees." Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice , no. : 1129-1136.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2015 in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing
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Seismic microzonation of urban areas is used to be determined from few soils' response measurements in each area. In consequence, results can be considered correct only in the case of possible depth-dependent soils, being the existence of lateral soil changes the cause of imprecision. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) could be a useful tool to determine, previously to the passive seismic measurements, the location of geological structures. Moreover, depending on the ground materials, the GPR energy is randomly backscattered. Consequently, the background noise in the radar scans increases. Therefore, the analysis of the amplitude of the noise could be a useful method to determine changes on the ground characteristics. The analysis of the background GPR amplitude noise is tested in two radar lines, crossing the city of Barcelona. The results show significant differences in the background noise amplitude in the A-scans that could be used to define zones in the city depending on the noise level. These changes on the amplitude are associated with the backscattered energy as a consequence of soil characteristics. Hence, the analysis of the variation in the background noise amplitude allows defining the possible location of subterranean streams, paleochannels, and other structures crossing the plain of the city. Radar results are also compared to ambient vibration measurements, using the spectral horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) quotient, and to historical and contemporary information. The application of the methodology underscores the ability of the evaluation of the backscattering associated with the background noise in the scans in the detection of sharp geological changes in sedimentary deposits.

ACS Style

Sonia Santos-Assuncao; Vega Perez-Gracia; Victor Salinas; Oriol Caselles; Ramon Gonzalez-Drigo; Lluis G. Pujades; Nieves Lantada. GPR Backscattering Intensity Analysis Applied to Detect Paleochannels and Infilled Streams for Seismic Nanozonation in Urban Environments. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2015, 9, 167 -177.

AMA Style

Sonia Santos-Assuncao, Vega Perez-Gracia, Victor Salinas, Oriol Caselles, Ramon Gonzalez-Drigo, Lluis G. Pujades, Nieves Lantada. GPR Backscattering Intensity Analysis Applied to Detect Paleochannels and Infilled Streams for Seismic Nanozonation in Urban Environments. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2015; 9 (1):167-177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sonia Santos-Assuncao; Vega Perez-Gracia; Victor Salinas; Oriol Caselles; Ramon Gonzalez-Drigo; Lluis G. Pujades; Nieves Lantada. 2015. "GPR Backscattering Intensity Analysis Applied to Detect Paleochannels and Infilled Streams for Seismic Nanozonation in Urban Environments." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, no. 1: 167-177.