The objective of this investigation is to understand how to use waste tires to surround stone pillars and mix gravel with recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and stone pillars to provide an environmentally friendly and cost-effective weak layer improvement method. To study the behavior of such stone columns, experiments were conducted in units consisting of a single stone column with recycled asphalt pavement as filling material and a single stone column covered with old tires. To test the effect of different mixing ratios, rapeseed content was selected from 0% to 100%. Elasticity tests were conducted on cladded and nonclad stone column samples. Furthermore, direct shear tests were conducted on samples with different ratios of gravel and rapeseed mixtures. The results of the load-bearing capacity test show that the cover of the stone columns with old tires can significantly increase the load-bearing capacity. Replacing 25% of natural stone column aggregates with RAP increases the load capacity. But as the percentage of RAP in the mixture increases from 25% to 100%, the loading capacity decreases. Another advantage is the reinforced stone column. From the point of view of ecology, an advantage is the use of recyclable materials.

Seismic stability of geotechnical structures is an essential issue in earthquake geotechnical engineering. The pseudostatic method is the most common method for seismic stability analysis of geotechnical structures. The pseudodynamic method was developed, considering the phase differences and time effects; however, it does not satisfy the zero stress boundary conditions at the surface. A modified pseudodynamic method was proposed according to the zero stress boundary conditions for harmonic base motion. In the formulation of the modified pseudodynamic method, the ground motion of an earthquake with its frequency content is not considered. Also, the imaginary part of the response related to the damping effect is removed, making it more difficult to develop than expected. The pseudostatic and pseudodynamic methods are overestimated because the failure wedge is determined similar to the static method. This study aims to propose a new pseudodynamic method for seismic analysis of geotechnical structures considering the earthquake ground motion and both the real and the imaginary parts of the response. New transfer functions are introduced to obtain inertial forces and seismic active pressure based on the input motion. Furthermore, according to the experimental observations and momentum theory, a new method is proposed to determine the critical failure surface accurately. A comparison with a few experimental and analytical results in the literature is also presented. The results of the proposed method are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the application of the proposed method. The effects of shear wave velocity and wall height on the seismic active pressure during an earthquake are investigated.

The Annals of Applied Sport Science (AASS) follows a rigorous peer-review process for the submission of all articles. AASS publishes not only original articles and review articles but also editorials and short communications in the sport sciences. The Journal is published quarterly in electronic editions. The editorial policy of The Annals of Applied Sport Science (AASS) follows the multi-disciplinary purposes of the sport science to promote the highest standards of scientific study referring to the following fields: a) Sport Physiology, b) Sport Management, c) Kinesiology and Sport Injuries, d) Sport Psychology and Motor Control, e) Sport Biomechanics, and its related branches. The emphasis of the Journal is on the human sciences, broadly defined, and applied to sport and exercise that is defined inclusively to refer to all forms of human movement that aim to maintain or improve physical and mental well-being, create or improve social relationships, or obtain results in competition at all levels. The Journal publishes original research as well as review articles. AASS invites the submission of original research articles and reviews of the sport science literature from sport scientists and scholars throughout the world. All research articles and review papers have undergone rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and anonymized (double-blind) refereeing by three reviewers (a statistical and two scientific reviewers). نشريه وقايع علوم کاربردی ورزش (AASS) از طريق يک فرآيند داوری دقيق به بررسی همه مقالات واصله اقدام می‌کند. نشريه AASS نه تنها مقاله اصيل و مقاله مروری بلکه حتی سرمقاله و مقاله کوتاه در زمينه علوم ورزشی را منتشر خواهد نمود. اين نشريه بطور فصلنامه و در نسخه‌های الکترونيک انتشار می‌يابد. سياست سردبيری نشريه وقايع علوم کاربردی ورزش از اهداف چندمبحثی علوم ورزشی پيروی می‌کند تا بالاترين استانداردهای مطالعه علمی را در زمينه‌هايی از قبيل ا و شاخه‌های وابسته بدان ارتقاء دهد. تأکيد نشريه بر علوم انسانی، و به معنای گسترده، علوم کاربردی برای ورزش و تمرين است، و بر پايه يک تعريف جامع برمی‌گردد به همه اَشکال حرکات انسانی که به قصد حفظ يا بهبود بهزيستی جسمانی و ذهنی، ايجاد يا بهبود روابط اجتماعی، يا کسب نتايج در همه سطوح از رقابت‌ها انجام می‌شود. اين نشريه علاوه بر تحقيقات اصيل، مقالات...