In the context of physical activity and sport, perfectionism and the regular practice of physical activity are related to psychological well-being and the regulation of psychological resources necessary for adaptation to effort and satisfaction. At the same time, the most active students are also those who show greater appetites for physical education classes. The goal of this work was to identify the influence of perfectionist beliefs and the regularity of the practice of physical exercise on psychological well-being. The participants were adolescents (n = 436) aged between 14 and 19 years (M = 16.80, SD = .77). They were administered the Multidimensional Perfection Scale, the Psychological Wellbeing Scale, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQv2), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed, under a non-random and transversal design, that the participants gave important value to physical exercise because they feel both active and vigorous. Regarding perfectionism, the functional aspects of perfectionism (expectations of achievement and organization) correlated positively, while the dysfunctional aspects (fear of committing errors and external expectations) did so negatively with the importance given to physical exercise performed by adolescents; this in turn positively predicted psychological well-being. In this way, the hypothesized model contemplated the relevance of the included variables and reflected the mediation of the degree of importance given to the practice of physical exercise on perfectionist beliefs and psychological well-being. Currently, most physical activity practice proposals for adolescents focus on federated and structured environments for competition, and those that deal with recreational and health-oriented sports are far less common. Hence, "the perfect way of doing sports" for a teenager should be accompanied by cognitive schemes aimed at strengthening psychological resources that allow the regulation of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

This article provides a brief review over the state of art concerning dry-land training for swimmers. It is important to understand the role of muscular strength for swimming performance and how it might be improved. Firstly, this article analyzes the relationships between strength or power assessment in dry-land and swimming performance. Secondly, the results of studies aiming to evaluate the influence of dry-land strength training to swimming performance improvement are presented. These results allow coaches to realize the benefits that may be obtained by an appropriate strength training program, according to gender and level

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of playing tactics on creating scoring opportunities in counterattacks from the United States Major League Soccer (MLS) 2014 season. The sample included 452 counterattack possessions, corresponding to 30 randomly selected matches. Multidimensional data from 14 categorical variables were analysed by means of a descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression. Counterattacks that started in the pre-offensive zone and had initial penetration were more effective in creating scoring opportunities than those that started in the defensive zone (OR=3.825; 95% IC: 1.765 to 8.289; p<0.01), and those without initial penetration (OR=8.689; 95% IC: 1.142 to 66.116; p<0.05), only when the defensive team did not exert initial defensive pressure. Besides this, counterattacks with four or more passes were more effective than shorter ones, regardless of the initial defensive pressure. In terms of defence, not carrying out initial defensive pressure after losing the ball possession increased the probability of conceding scoring opportunities by means of counterattack by a factor of three (OR=3.315; 95% IC: 1.684 to 6.525; p<0.01). Effectiveness in the counterattacks analysed in MLS were associated with regaining ball possession in offensive zones, performing initial penetration, making four or more passes and playing against no initial defensive pressure.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of playing tactics on the creation of scoring opportunities in random matches from US Major League Soccer 2014, taking into account both contextual and defensive variables. The sample included 3253 team possessions corresponding to 30 randomly selected matches. Multidimensional qualitative data from 10 categorical variables was analysed by means of descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis. Contextual variables such as match location (p=0.049), match half (p=0.043) and match status (P=0.032) were associated with creating scoring opportunities. With regards playing tactics, set plays created a higher proportion of scoring opportunities (28.1±13.7%) than recoveries (11.2±5.2%) and restarts (8.1±5.2%)(p<0.001). For recoveries, counterattacks were found to be more effective than combinative attack (p<0.001) and direct attack (p<0.001) in creating scoring opportunities only when the opponent was defensively imbalanced, while long possessions were found to be more effective than short possessions both against balanced and imbalanced defence. For restarts, long possessions were found to be more effective than short possessions in creating scoring opportunities (OR=7.430; 95% CI: 3.902 to 14.151; p<0.001). Contextual variables and defensive variables are regarded as crucial to understanding the effects of offensive playing tactics on creating scoring opportunities.

Background: The practice of Physical Activity (PA) is a key factor for the improvement of physical and mental health, making the study of the motivational processes that take part in the development of active lifestyles of interest. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 775 university students of Physical Education (PE) from Spain. This research aims to develop an explanatory model for the relationships between motivational climate and resilience according to the level of PA, using structural equations analysis. The main instrument used were the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport (PMCSQ-2) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Results: A negative relationship was observed between task-oriented climate (TC) and ego-oriented climate, which acquired greater correlation strength in the respondents who did less PA. Likewise, a positive relationship was obtained between TC and resilience, which was higher in participants who did more than 3 h of weekly PA. Finally, it was observed that resilience was highly correlated with personal competence, tenacity and control capacity in the most active respondents. Conclusion: The importance of promoting task-oriented motivational climates in PA is highlighted, since this could develop a better resilience capacity in university students and will favor the tolerance to adversity and the positive acceptance of changes.