Background: Chrono-colonic drug delivery represents a novel pharmaceutical engineering strategy that combines the principles of circadian rhythm-based chronotherapy with colon-targeted the drug delivery. This approach seeks to optimize therapeutic efficacy by synchronizing drug release with the body’s biological clock while ensuring precise site-specific delivery. Objective: The primary aim of chrono-colonic delivery is to achieve controlled drug release after a predetermined lag time, ensuring that the therapeutic effect coincides with peak disease activity and that the drug reaches the colon for localized or systemic action. Methods: This strategy integrates time-dependent and site-specific technologies, employing pH-sensitive polymers, biodegradable coatings, osmotic systems, and microbially triggered release platforms. These delivery systems are designed to withstand the upper gastrointestinal tract environment and to release the active agent in the colon, where favorable physiological conditions such as near-neutral pH, slower motility, and microbial activity can be exploited. Results: Chrono-colonic delivery systems offer significant therapeutic benefits, including improved precision of drug action, reduced systemic side effects, and enhanced patient compliance. They are particularly beneficial in managing diseases with circadian variability, such as asthma, hypertension, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusion: By integrating chrono-therapeutic principles with colon-targeted technologies, chrono-colonic drug delivery holds promise as a next-generation approach for achieving site- and time-specific therapy. It represents a forward-looking strategy for addressing both local and systemic diseases with enhanced safety and efficacy. Keywords: Chrono-Colonic Delivery, Circadian Rhythm, Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery, Time-Responsive Systems, Site-Specific Therapy, Chronotherapy

Background: The gastrointestinal disorder Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) leads to mucosal damage in either stomach or duodenal tissue because of acid-peptic injury. The available evidence demonstrates that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage serve as proven ulcer causes but new research shows the gut microbiome as contributing to ulcer development and therapeutic approaches. Objective: The purpose of this section is to examine the standard H. pylori ulcer development process while examining host immune responses through gut microbial alterations and their effect on PUD disease progression. Methods: This study reviewed multiple research articles to examine how bacteria affect epithelial cells while studying inflammatory pathways as well as microbial metabolites particularly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The review examined different pharmacy-based and natural therapies from the perspective of their ability to modulate the microbiome. Results: The research shows Non-H. Pylori bacteria damage gastric mucosal tissue by activating pro-inflammatory cytokines which leads to gastric homeostasis disturbances because of SCFA production. The ulcer formation gets worse because dysbiosis makes the intestines more sensitive to oxidative stress while simultaneously making the protective mucosal layer weaker. Antibiotics together with proton pump inhibitors affect gut microbial composition but natural treatments including curcumin combined with ginger and probiotics both contribute to microbial recovery and healing of ulcers. Conclusion: Previous research about the gut microbiome's role in PUD pathogenesis forms a base for future development of tailored therapeutic strategies. Combining microbiome-based therapeutic methods with traditional medical protocols produces better management strategies for ulcers with improved healthcare results for patients. Keywords:Peptic Ulcer Disease, Gut Microbiota, Microbial Dysbiosis, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Gastrointestinal Inflammation, Mucosal Homeostasis

To Development and Evaluation of Aceclofenac Swellable Matrix Tablets Utilizing Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) and Hibiscus Leaf (Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis) Natural Polymer Mucilage as Release Modifier.This study investigates the development of sustained-release Aceclofenac tablets using natural polymers, Okra Gum and Hibiscus Leaf Mucilage, to enhance drug efficacy, reduce dosing frequency, and minimize adverse effects in the treatment of inflammation and pain.: Sustained-release NSAID formulations using natural polymers like Okra Gum and Hibiscus Leaf Mucilage enhance drug efficacy, patient adherence, and safety by reducing dosing frequency and adverse effects.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like Aceclofenac, are commonly prescribed for managing inflammation and pain associated with various conditions such as arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, and post-operative recovery. Despite their effectiveness, traditional NSAIDs often exhibit rapid-release kinetics, necessitating frequent dosing intervals to maintain therapeutic efficacy. However, frequent dosing increases the risk of adverse effects such as gastrointestinal complications, renal impairment, and cardiovascular events. To address these challenges, sustained-release formulations have been developed to prolong drug action and reduce dosing frequency. Natural polymers, such as Okra Gum and Hibiscus Leaf Mucilage, have emerged as promising excipients for sustained drug delivery systems. These natural polymers offer several advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to modulate drug release kinetics. By incorporating Okra Gum and Hibiscus Leaf Mucilage into pharmaceutical formulations can improve patient adherence and therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse effects.Fourier Transform Infrared analysis conducted as part of this study demonstrated no chemical interaction between Aceclofenac and the natural polymers, confirming their compatibility for formulation purposes. The formulated tablets met pharmacopoeial specifications for physicochemical properties, ensuring quality and consistency in manufacturing. The optimized formulation exhibited prolonged drug release lasting up to 12 hours, with release kinetics inversely proportional to polymer concentration. Stability studies conducted over a specified period indicated no significant changes in tablet attributes, affirming the robustness of the formulation.The findings of this study confirm the suitability of Okra Gum and Hibiscus Leaf Mucilage as effective release modifiers for Aceclofenac, offering potential benefits for sustained drug delivery in inflammation therapy. By providing valuable insights into the development of improved drug delivery systems using natural polymers, this research contributes to enhanced patient care and treatment outcomes in inflammatory conditions. Further exploration and optimization of natural polymer-based formulations hold promise for advancing drug delivery technologies and improving patient outcomes in clinical practice.

Background: Citrus sinensis peel is an abundant agro-industrial byproduct rich in flavonoids and a potentially underexploited source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to extract, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant potential of flavonoid fractions from orange peel for food and pharmaceutical applications. Methods: Dried Citrus sinensis peel underwent hydroalcoholic extraction (ethanol: water, 1:1 v/v) for 72 hours by column chromatography purification. Characterization utilized HPLC, UV-Vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was quantified via DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assays. Results: HPLC identified hesperidin as the predominant flavonoid (52.4 mg/g extract), followed by naringin (18.9 mg/g), rutin (13.7 mg/g), and quercetin (8.5 mg/g). Total flavonoid content was 4.29 mg quercetin equivalents/g extract. The extract demonstrated concentration-dependent DPPH scavenging (32.4–88.6% at 0.5–2.5 mg/ml; IC₅₀=1.21 mg/ml) and strong ferric reducing capacity (1655±18 µmol Fe(II)/g). FTIR confirmed characteristic flavonoid functional groups. Conclusions: Citrus sinensis peel extract exhibits significant antioxidant activity, validating its potential as a sustainable natural antioxidant source for food preservation and pharmaceutical formulations.