The comparative phytochemical analysis in this study revealed differences in the type and levels of phenolic compounds between Spiraea hypericifolia L. and Spiraea crenata L. The compounds in water–ethanol extracts of aerial parts of both species were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography as chlorogenic, gentisic, and cinnamic acids; quercetin; kaempferol; hyperoside; isoquercetin; nicotiflorin; and apigenin. In the extract of S. hypericifolia, p-coumaric acid and luteolin were also found, which were absent in the extract of S. crenata. Such compounds as avicularin, astragalin, and isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside proved to be specific to S. crenata (and were not found in the S. hypericifolia extract). The viability of liver cancer HepG2 cells and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased after cultivation with the S. crenata extract. In addition, the S. crenata extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the S. hypericifolia extract. It is most likely that these effects can be explained by the higher content of individual flavonoids in the extract of S. crenata. Thus, the extract of S. crenata holds promise for more extensive research on the mechanism of its action on tumor cells.

Экспериментальная модель сахарного диабета 2-го типа у крыс, вызванная диетой с высоким содержанием жиров и стрептозотоцином в низкой дозе

Исследование гиполипидемической активности полисахарида L-рамнопиранозил-6-О-метил-галактуронана при комбинированном применении с ингибиторами ГМГ-КоА-редуктазы и абсорбции холестерола

This review summarizes information about the chemical composition and beneficial properties of species of the genus Eranthis Salisb. from the world’s flora. To date, seven out of ~14 species found in Asia and parts of Europe have been studied to various degrees. Here, data are presented on the diversity of sets of chromones, furochromones, triterpene saponins, coumarins, and other classes of secondary metabolites of Eranthis species according to the literature. For new compounds—isolated from Eranthis for the first time—structural formulas are also provided. Among the new compounds, chromones and coumarins predominate, as do triterpene saponins of the olean and cycloartane series and lectin. The results of pharmacological studies are presented showing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and other types of biological activities found in extracts, in their fractions, and in individual compounds of the aboveground and underground organs and parts of Eranthis species. Despite the limited geographic range of Eranthis plants, it is possible to search for active substances, develop methods for biological and chemical synthesis of the isolated substances, and create a finished therapeutic substance based on them. In addition, it is feasible to obtain the desired standardized pure materials from Eranthis species grown in vitro.

Aim. To examine the pattern of morphological changes, RNA quality number, and gene expression in mouse tissues sampled at autopsy under controlled experimental conditions.Materials and methods. Balb/c mice were euthanized and subsequently subjected to necropsy at 0, 3, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours of the postmortem period. During the first three hours following euthanasia, the mice were maintained at room temperature, after which they were transferred to a refrigerator (4 º С). Total RNA was extracted from tissue samples taken from the kidney, liver, and brain; the integrity of the RNA samples was assessed by capillary electrophoresis, and the RNA quality number (RQN) was calculated. The expression levels of Actb, Epas1, and Rps18 housekeeping genes were evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with original primers and probes using the TaqMan assay. The histologic examination was performed according to standard techniques.Results. Degradation of RNA extracted from mouse kidney tissues appeared to be greater than that of RNA taken from the liver. In the meantime, a negative linear correlation was observed between RQN and the duration of the postmortem interval for liver and kidney samples. In contrast, no significant changes in the RQN score were observed for brain RNA samples at any of the time points. The expression of the Epas1 and Rps18 genes was significantly decreased in mouse kidney and liver tissues. However, the level of Epas1 and Rps18 gene expression in the brain remained stable at all time points and did not exhibit a significant decrease at 72 hours after euthanasia. No obvious morphological changes were detected by the histologic examination, which does not exclude the presence of ultrastructural pathological changes.Conclusion. RQN in autopsy tissues serves as a crucial predictor of sample quality for molecular biology studies, including gene expression analysis.

The aim of this review was to analyze the accumulated data on the use of mass spectrometry in diagnosing, treating, and prognosing cancer from the perspective of precision medicine. Currently, universally accepted methods for early cancer diagnosis are not available, primarily due to low molecular specificity of pathological changes at early stages of cancer development. Additionally, the existing diagnostic modalities are notably limited in sensitivity. However, early detection is imperative for selection of the most suitable cancer treatment strategy and its successful implementation. In the realm of oncology, mass spectrometry approaches show great potential for advancement and utilization. Mass spectrometry is becoming an indispensable tool in basic and applied research due to its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. It allows for efficient analysis of complex biological compounds, even at low concentrations. Moreover, contemporary mass spectrometry technology is capable of automating the analysis, thereby facilitating its diverse clinical applications in diagnosis, drug therapy selection, and even potential assistance to surgical oncologists in the operating room. Considering all these characteristics and advantages, mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of biological samples can be defined as some of the most promising and dynamically developing tools in precision medicine, as they are capable of providing clinically valuable information based on omics technologies, taking into account personal characteristics of the patient. Over the next decade, introduction of mass spectrometry-based methods into clinical practice based on the principles of precision medicine is expected to optimize selection of personalized treatment strategies for cancer patients and provide significant economic benefits by reducing morbidity, disability, and mortality.This comprehensive review presents the analysis of 65 scientific publications, highlighting the results of clinical and experimental studies utilizing mass spectrometry methods for diagnosing cancer, investigating the underlying mechanisms of disease development, and evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. The review encompasses original articles published from January 1, 2018 to November 30, 2023. The majority of studies back the potential of mass spectrometry as a valuable tool for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Broadening application of mass spectrometry techniques in the field of oncology holds significant promise and represents a relevant area for future research.