Bu çalışmada; farklı sulama suyu tuzluluk düzeylerinin(0.38 (kontrol), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 dS m -1 ) keten tohumlarının çimlenme hızı, çimlenme oranı, sürgün ve kök uzunlukları, sürgün yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarından tohum çimlenme hızı, çimlenme oranı ve tuz toleransı indeksi değerlerinin sırasıyla % 52.2-76.0, % 66.5-97.0, %39.0-112.0 arasında değiştiği tespit edilmiştir. Tuzluluğu 2 dS m -1 olan çimlenme ortamında, incelenen tüm gelişim parametrelerinin en iyi değere ulaştığı ve tuzluluk düzeyinin 2 dS m -1 ’den yüksek olduğu koşullarda ise tohum çimlenmesi ve erken fide gelişim parametrelerinin olumsuz yönde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, araştırma sonucu incelenen bütün parametreler dikkate alındığında; kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde, 2 dS m -1 tuzluluk düzeyine kadar olan suların, ketenin çimlenme ve erken fide gelişim dönemlerinde kullanılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.

Germination and seedling growth periods have a very important function in plant life. Especially in cases where abiotic stress conditions occur, these periods are of vital importance for the sustainability of plant life. Taking this into account, this research was conducted to determine the most suitable temperature for germination and seedling growth parameters of cotton varieties. In this research conducted under controlled conditions, germination and seedling development parameters of two cotton varieties (May-344 and Candia) were tested at 8 different temperature levels (8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36°C). It was determined that the germination percentage was 45.17-16.17%, the germination time was 4.06-3.94 days and the emergence rate index was 1.89-0.58 in May-344 and Candia cotton varieties, respectively. Moreover; root length 37.89-16.43 mm, stem length 44.69-41.00 mm, root fresh weight 22.40-19.51 mg, stem fresh weight 90.37-131.80 mg and the root/stem ratio was 0.26-0.16 mg/mg in May-344 and Candia cotton varieties, respectively. The results of the experiment revealed that most of the tested parameters were significantly affected by temperature. The highest germination rate, as the average of the two varieties and for both varieties separately, was obtained at 20 oC and no germination occurred at 8 oC. Except root to shoot ratio, other seedling growth parameters were maximum between 20-32 oC and decreased at higher temperatures.

Objective: A field study was undertaken to examine the effect of reduced Mepiquat chloride (MC) dosage applied at different times to enhance the yield and quality attributes of cotton at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Türkiye, during the 2022 cropping season. Material and Methods: A split-split plot experiment following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was employed.Varieties (Sezener and Selin) were assigned to the main plots, application times (before and after flowering) to the sub-plots, and MC concentrations (0, 40, 40+40 and 80 cc/da) to the sub-sub-plots. Results: Results shown that Sezener outperformed Selin across metrics: higher fiber yield (490.6 vs 447.5 kg/ha), reflectance (69.8 vs 63.5), and yellowness (11.9 vs 10.8). Under Sezener, the 80 cc/da dosage at 60 days after sowing maximized yield (530.2 kg/ha). Selin showed poorest yield (360.3 kg/ha) and highest trash (2.60%), while Sezener had lowest (0.57%). Mepiquat chloride doses effected quality parameters differently for both varieties. The effect changed within application time. It has been determined that the application of Mepiquat chloride has different effects on the quality parameters in two varieties, and the effect varied according to the time of application. As a matter of fact, in the yellowness parameter, unlike other quality parameters, Selin variety had the lowest, while Sezener had the highest value. Conclusion: Although most effects were not statistically significant, certain variety-application time interactions revealed practical differences that may inform future studies. Therefore, to maximize monetary returns, further research is needed to enhance yield and quality parameters in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye. In addition, more comprehensive studies should be carried out to understand the change in the effect of Mepiquat chloride application on the basis of varieties.

The harmful effects of pesticides have led researchers to find feasible, harmless, and economical alternatives. In this regard, plant phenolics have been thoroughly investigated. Storage insects, such as Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus granarius, and Trogoderma granarium, significantly impacted seed storage in humid areas. The cauline, phyllary and flower extracts of Carthamus dentatus were examined to identify suitable plant extracts. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions. Phenolic analysis indicated that chrysin was the most abundant in cauline leaves (39.58 ng/μL), while naringenin was the highest (13.20-15.66 ng/μL) in the phyllaries and flowers. The cauline leaf extract had the highest mortality rate among all the insects. The LT50 and LT90 values for the cauline leaf extract were found to be 3 and 6 days, respectively. On the other hand, the LT50 for the phyllary and flower extracts was approximately twice as long (7.55-8.72 and 8.24-8.78 days for phyllary and flower extracts, respectively). This study also demonstrated that the cauline leaf extract of Carthamus dentatus has the potential to obtain organic insecticide that can be used against the evaluated storage insects.

A field study was conducted at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, Adana, Turkey, during the 2022/23 cropping seasons to examine the impact of Mepiquat chloride dosage applied at different intervals to optimize growth, yield characteristics enhancement and improve fiber quality attributes of cotton. The study employed a split-split plot design with three replications. The results revealed that differences among treatments were not statistically significant for most parameters investigated. The observed discrepancies indicated that all treatments tested in 2012 delayed cotton development, whereas in 2023, they led to premium fibers. In 2023, the fiber percentage was highest in the control treatment, and in 2022, it was highest at 400 mL·ha-1. Across all years, the Selin variety exhibited the highest fiber percentage when Mepiquat chloride was applied at the bolling stage. The shoot-root ratio was highest at 400 mL·ha-1 during harvest in 2022 and at 0 mL·ha-1 during the reproductive stage in 2023. Overall, the results demonstrated that the application of Mepiquat chloride altered the physiological characteristics of the cotton plants, leading to bottom-up effects on cotton performance. This implies that the effectiveness of Mepiquat chloride in cotton production to alleviate drought stress is influenced by weather-related conditions.

Leaf rust is an important fungal disease in wheat and causes significant yield losses worldwide. Previous studies have reported that Lr9, Lr19, Lr24, Lr41, and Lr47 genes provide resistance to leaf rust in wheat. This study was conducted in 2022 to determine whether Altındane, Kirve, Pandas, Kate-A1 and Gönen-98, spring bread wheat varieties registered in Türkiye, have the Lr24 gene that provides tolerance to brown rust disease. In the study, Sunco and Torres spring bread wheat varieties, which have the brown rust disease tolerance gene Lr24, were used. In order to detect the presence of the Lr24 gene in the wheat varieties evaluated, A SCAR (Sequence-Characterized Amplified Region) marker was used in 3 replications. As a result of the research, it was determined that none of the 5 spring wheat varieties registered in Türkiye had the brown rust disease tolerance gene Lr24, while Torres and Sunco spring wheat varieties examined had the tolerance gene Lr24. Finally, it was concluded that one or both Torres and Sunco wheat varieties with the wheat brown rust tolerance gene Lr24 could be used as a wheat brown rust tolerance gene donor parent in a hybridization breeding program to develop new wheat varieties tolerant to brown rust disease.