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Different structural patterns of waterfront green space networks in built-up areas have different synergistic cooling characteristics in cities. This study’s aim is to determine what kinds of spatial structures and morphologies of waterfront green spaces offer a good cooling effect, combined with three different typical patterns in Shanghai. A multidimensional spatial influence variable system based on the cooling effect was constructed to describe the spatial structural and morphological factors of the green space network. The ENVI-met 4.3 software, developed by Michael Bruse at Bochum, German, was used to simulate the microclimate distribution data, combined with the boosted regression tree (BRT) model and the correlation analysis method. The results showed that at the network level, the distance from the water body and the connectivity of green space had a stronger cooling correlation. The orientation of green corridors consistent with a summer monsoon had larger cooling effect ranges. In terms of spatial morphology, the vegetation sky view factor (SVF) and Vegetation Surface Albedo (VSAlbedo) had an important correlation with air temperature (T), and the green corridor with a 20–25 m width had the largest marginal effect on cooling. These results will provide useful guidance for urban climate adaptive planning and design.
Yunfang Jiang; Shidan Jiang; Tiemao Shi. Comparative Study on the Cooling Effects of Green Space patterns in Waterfront Build-Up Blocks: An Experience from Shanghai. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8684 .
AMA StyleYunfang Jiang, Shidan Jiang, Tiemao Shi. Comparative Study on the Cooling Effects of Green Space patterns in Waterfront Build-Up Blocks: An Experience from Shanghai. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (22):8684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunfang Jiang; Shidan Jiang; Tiemao Shi. 2020. "Comparative Study on the Cooling Effects of Green Space patterns in Waterfront Build-Up Blocks: An Experience from Shanghai." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22: 8684.
The development of island landscape space is restricted by its eco-environmental vulnerability and ecosystem complexity. Focusing on the water-land ecotone in the southern part of Chongming Island, this study explored a multidimensional holistic assessment method of island landscape by referring to methods of Landscape Character Assessment (LCA), assisting decision-making in island land use management. This study established a system comprising 12 factors of island landscape characteristics from 3 dimensions: nature, humanity, and coastal pressure. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of fishnet network, spatial overlay, and artificial boundary recognition were used to identify island landscape character types. The results show that there are 6 landscape zones at the local scale, 18 landscape character subtypes, and 87 landscape character partitions at the site scale. Finally, suggestions for improvement of each landscape character zone were made in terms of landscape improvement, island ecological security and, especially, landscape environmental governance, to provide direction for the sustainable development and utilisation of island landscape resources.
Donglin Ding; Yunfang Jiang; Yazhi Wu; Tiemao Shi. Landscape character assessment of water-land ecotone in an island area for landscape environment promotion. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 259, 120934 .
AMA StyleDonglin Ding, Yunfang Jiang, Yazhi Wu, Tiemao Shi. Landscape character assessment of water-land ecotone in an island area for landscape environment promotion. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 259 ():120934.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDonglin Ding; Yunfang Jiang; Yazhi Wu; Tiemao Shi. 2020. "Landscape character assessment of water-land ecotone in an island area for landscape environment promotion." Journal of Cleaner Production 259, no. : 120934.
Different historical backgrounds and planning ideas have created different urban streetscape fabrics. The patterns of the streetscape fabric have affected urban microclimate factors and formed a unique local microclimate. This paper simulated the microclimatic effects in four study areas with different streetscape fabrics in Shanghai to compare the microclimatic conditions with a system of multi-dimensional street morphological indices using ENVI-met 4.3 software. At the street network fabric level, the results showed that streets with a south–north orientation, a small junction spacing, and a street network with better connectivity were conducive to mitigation of the air temperature heating intensity in the street space and improving the ventilation effect; at the street-site level: The indices of Build-to-line ratio (BL), Height-width ratio (H/W), and Sky view factors (SVF) played different roles that affected the distribution characteristics of the microclimate factors. The BL value of the streets between 0.5 and 0.8 generally had a positive relationship with the air temperature. The SVF value of the streets was positively correlated with the microclimate index, while the H/W values were negatively correlated with them. The morphological indicators of different levels also had a synergistic effect on the microclimatic impact of the street space fabric. This comparative analysis of microclimatic characteristics at the medium spatial scale will provide useful suggestions for urban climate adaptability in urban spatial morphology optimization in future urbanization development.
Yunfang Jiang; Xuemei Han; Tiemao Shi; Danran Song. Microclimatic Impact Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Indicators of Streetscape Fabric in the Medium Spatial Zone. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 952 .
AMA StyleYunfang Jiang, Xuemei Han, Tiemao Shi, Danran Song. Microclimatic Impact Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Indicators of Streetscape Fabric in the Medium Spatial Zone. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (6):952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunfang Jiang; Xuemei Han; Tiemao Shi; Danran Song. 2019. "Microclimatic Impact Analysis of Multi-Dimensional Indicators of Streetscape Fabric in the Medium Spatial Zone." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6: 952.
The effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) is becoming increasingly serious in cities. Research on the adaptive planning policies for microthermal environments at the residential block level of cities is thus becoming of greater significance. Based on the cooling effect of planning control elements in residential block areas, the element effects characteristics of water bodies and vegetation distribution on the thermal environment of residential blocks were analyzed by using ENVI-met software. The simulation data analysis showed that the combination of water bodies and vegetation had a synergistic cooling effect. Based on these results, simulations of five effective adaptive measures were carried out step by step in planning scenarios, that is, improving the water bodies with vegetation corridors, the application of high-albedo material on streets, and increasing the number of green patches, east-west green corridors, and north-south green corridors. The results were as follows. First, although each of the five optimization strategies have a certain degree of cooling effect on the entire block, the superposition of each factor had a synergistic effect. Second, different spatial optimization strategies had different cooling ranges for each subzone. The optimization of the north-south green corridor, green patches, and water features corridors were particularly significant for microclimate cooling. The east-west green corridor has a certain influence on a certain range of downwind zones and had an auxiliary cooling effect. The high-albedo material also had a weak overall decrease function for the thermal environment. Finally, the downwind area of the urban creek network had a great impact on cooling intensity, with distance attenuation characteristics; it was also proposed that the comprehensive cooling effect of the green space network with optimized layout was greater than that of any single green space element. The optimization scenario planning research provided a method for improving the scientific distribution of adaptation measures in urban residential blocks.
Yunfang Jiang; Danran Song; Tiemao Shi; Xuemei Han. Adaptive Analysis of Green Space Network Planning for the Cooling Effect of Residential Blocks in Summer: A Case Study in Shanghai. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3189 .
AMA StyleYunfang Jiang, Danran Song, Tiemao Shi, Xuemei Han. Adaptive Analysis of Green Space Network Planning for the Cooling Effect of Residential Blocks in Summer: A Case Study in Shanghai. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunfang Jiang; Danran Song; Tiemao Shi; Xuemei Han. 2018. "Adaptive Analysis of Green Space Network Planning for the Cooling Effect of Residential Blocks in Summer: A Case Study in Shanghai." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3189.
Urbanization has brought with it large populations in cities, which has then led to changes in urban land use intensity and spatial patterns, resulting in changes in underlying surfaces and urban climate. The impacts of the early urbanization process and the rapid development of the international metropolis on the interactive development of spatial zoning, urban climate, and urbanization in the main region of Shanghai are studied. This study has important practical and methodological implications with respect to two major themes in the current urban planning area of China, specifically, the construction of new urbanization and the changes in urban climate adaptation. Through the experiences of the human activities model from ecology, factors are selected based on the effects of climate on four dimensions, namely, economy, urban construction, ecological, and environment, where the weight of each index is determined by the coefficient of the variation method and the important spatial factors influencing the climate effect are screened out. The four important influential factors are population density, road density, built-up areas, and the green coverage ratio of spatial distribution. A quantitative analysis determined that there exists a consistent relationship between urban climate factors and the four urbanization spatial factors. Based on urbanization classification that considered each factor evaluation along with integrated analyses and statistical correlation analyses of the spatial grid index using ArcGIS software, the urban space partition level is identified, and urban spatial zoning strategies based on the co-movement of urban climate system are put forward. Combined with the zoning study of land use and the urban heat island distribution pattern, the spatial zoning strategy of controlling urbanization intensity based on the urban climate system is proposed. This research will guide the integration of the urbanization spatial structure and urban climate system toward rational development in Shanghai city.
Yunfang Jiang; Luyao Hou; Tiemao Shi; Yuemin Ning. Spatial Zoning Strategy of Urbanization Based on Urban Climate Co-Movement: A Case Study in Shanghai Mainland Area. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2706 .
AMA StyleYunfang Jiang, Luyao Hou, Tiemao Shi, Yuemin Ning. Spatial Zoning Strategy of Urbanization Based on Urban Climate Co-Movement: A Case Study in Shanghai Mainland Area. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2706.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunfang Jiang; Luyao Hou; Tiemao Shi; Yuemin Ning. 2018. "Spatial Zoning Strategy of Urbanization Based on Urban Climate Co-Movement: A Case Study in Shanghai Mainland Area." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2706.
This paper identified the research focus and development tendency of urban planning and climate change research from 1990 to 2016 using CiteSpace, which is based on the Web of Science database. Through cluster analysis and a document sorting method, the research direction of city planning and climate change were mainly divided into four academic groupings, 15 clusters with homogenous themes representing the current research focus direction at the sub-level. The detailed study on the framework presented three mainstream developing directions: (1) The index assessment and spatial simulation on the impact of urban spatial systems for climate change have become important methods to identify and improve the adaptability of urban space. (2) Adaptive governance as a bottom-up strategy giving priority to institutional adaptation policy and collaborative polices for responding to climate change has become the hot direction in recent years. (3) The policies of urban public health-related urban equity, vulnerability, and environmental sustainability were addressed especially during the period from 2007 to 2009. Dynamic evolution trends of the research field were discussed: (1) The total numbers of papers in this field increased distinctly between 2005 and 2008, research focus shifted from single-dimension to multi-dimension comprehensive studies, and the humanism tendency was obvious. (2) After 2010, research on multi-level governance and spatial adaptation strategies became the key issues, and a bottom-up level adaptation policies were addressed. Finally, the critical influence of the important literature and the forefront issues of the research field were put forward.
Yunfang Jiang; Luyao Hou; Tiemao Shi; Qinchang Gui. A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2224 .
AMA StyleYunfang Jiang, Luyao Hou, Tiemao Shi, Qinchang Gui. A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (12):2224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunfang Jiang; Luyao Hou; Tiemao Shi; Qinchang Gui. 2017. "A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change." Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2224.