Temporomandibular disorders include various conditions that impact the masticatory system, affecting its structure, function, or physiology. Clinicians face a complex array of therapeutic options when treating this group of diseases, emphasizing the importance of evaluating the current evidence to guide decisions in patient care. The main objective of this article is to conduct a scoping review on the available treatment approaches to manage temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). An extensive search of the literature was performed on Scopus, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science. Systematic reviews published in the last 5 years were considered. Out of the 2183 publications identified, 109 studies were included in this review. Among them, 39 articles focused on the non-invasive approach, while 120 delved into the minimally invasive approach, and 15 explored the surgical approach. Non-invasive or conservative approaches like cognitive-behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and acupuncture offer effective pain management and functional improvements in TMDs. Emerging treatments offer promising alternatives for treating these disorders. Surgery should be reserved for severe cases, with conservative therapies used in conjunction with invasive procedures for optimal patient outcomes.

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the side effects of two techniques of rapid maxillary expansion—Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (SARPE) and Miniscrew-Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion (MARPE)—in adult patients, to guide the selection of the most cost-effective clinical treatment plan. Methods: The review protocol was developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis—extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Eligibility criteria were defined based on the study objectives. The research team formulated a PICO question to identify relevant studies in the literature. Five databases were queried: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. Additionally, a manual search was conducted. Results: The computer-assisted search identified 746 articles, of which only 26 fully met the inclusion criteria and were included in the scoping review. Among the included studies, 11 were retrospective, 12 were prospective, and 3 were randomized clinical trials. SARPE was evaluated in 21 studies, MARPE in 4 studies, and 1 article reported complications associated with both techniques. The side effects described in the studies were synthesized and categorized into five groups: expansion failure, asymmetric expansion, dentoalveolar issues, surgical complications, and appliance-related problems. Conclusions: The results indicate that both techniques involve risks. The most reported adverse effects were dentoalveolar and surgical in nature. Dentoalveolar side effects, such as dental tipping, were predominantly associated with the MARPE technique, while surgical complications were more commonly observed with the SARPE technique. Patient age is crucial for treatment choice as well as proper design and planning of the expansion device. Consequently, careful patient selection and treatment planning are essential to minimize the side effects of maxillary expansion in adult patients.

Objectives: Despite the widespread adoption of clear aligner therapy (CAT), its effectiveness in managing rotations remains debated. This systematic review aims to evaluate rotational accuracy in adults and the influence of treatment variables—such as attachments, interproximal reduction (IPR), and staging. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, seven databases and two grey literature sources were searched up to July 2025. Eligible studies assessed rotational accuracy in patients treated exclusively with clear aligners, using 3D digital model superimposition. Primary outcomes included percent accuracy, lack of correction (LC), or mean absolute error (MAE). Risk of bias (RoB 2, ROBINS-I) and certainty of evidence (GRADE) were assessed. Results: Twelve studies (one RCT, eleven non-randomized) were included, showing wide heterogeneity in aligner systems, tooth types, outcome measures, and adjunctive strategies. Reported accuracy ranged from 36% to 85%, averaging around 65%. LC values varied from 0.7° to 4.5°, and mean MAE was about 2.3°. Incisors and molars showed higher predictability, whereas maxillary canines and premolars remained the least reliable. Attachments and IPR were widely used, but their effectiveness was inconsistent. Staging protocols were generally set at 2°/aligner and most studies adopted 7–14-day wear schedules. Nearly all investigations showed moderate-to-serious risk of bias, and certainty of evidence was rated low to moderate. Conclusions: CAT shows limited yet improving predictability in rotational movements, with performance strongly influenced by tooth morphology and staging. Attachments, IPR, and overcorrections may contribute but lack consistent validation. Given the low certainty and high risk of bias of current evidence, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Well-designed RCTs with standardized protocols are required to develop reliable clinical guidelines.

Elastodontics is an interceptive orthodontic therapy that uses light and biological elastic forces through preformed or custom-made removable orthodontic appliances. This study aims to evaluate the effects of elastodontic devices on correcting sagittal discrepancies in growing subjects with mixed dentition. Electronic research was conducted on four databases: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data were extracted based on the first author, year of publication, setting and country, study design, sample characteristics, sample size calculation, type of malocclusion, intervention, control group type, compliance, follow-up, and cephalometric measurements. Sixteen studies were included in the final review. Most studies observed a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.05) in SNB and ANB angles. Ten studies reported a reduction in overjet, while eight studies found no change in facial divergence. Comparisons with conventional functional devices revealed no consensus on the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects. Elastodontic appliances significantly improve cephalometric and dentoalveolar parameters, potentially correcting skeletal and dental relationships. However, result variability and unclear advantages over traditional appliances highlight the need for further research.

Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and predictability of lower incisor intrusion with clear aligners in permanent dentition, addressing one of the most challenging aspects of vertical tooth movement control in the mandibular anterior region. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane) according to PRISMA guidelines. Eight clinical studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I, and certainty of evidence was graded with GRADE. Key outcomes included the amount of achieved versus planned intrusion, predictability, treatment protocols, use of auxiliaries, and patient-related factors such as age and compliance. Results: Reported mean intrusion values ranged from 0.4 to 1.5 mm, with predictability between 35% and 65%. The effectiveness of intrusion was influenced by the magnitude of planned movement, auxiliaries (e.g., attachments, elastics), refinement strategies, and patient-specific factors. Substantial heterogeneity was present in measurement methods (CBCT, cephalometry, digital models) and clinical protocols (aligner change intervals, refinement frequency), preventing meta-analysis. Seven of the eight studies were rated as having a serious risk of bias, and the overall certainty of evidence was moderate to low. Long-term outcomes and patient-centered measures were not adequately assessed. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the available evidence, lower incisor intrusion with clear aligners may be considered a feasible orthodontic option when supported by biomechanically informed clinical management. However, conclusions should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneity, high risk of bias, and lack of long-term data. Further standardized studies with longer follow-up are required to strengthen reliability and clinical applicability.

The aim of this scoping review is to analyse the biological effects of the orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in areas with bone defects that are undergoing regeneration using different types of regenerative materials and techniques. The electronic research was performed on four databases as follows: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Data were extracted according to publication information, study design, sample characteristics, parameters of OTM, biological repercussions on the periodontium complex, methods of analysis, and conclusions. A total of thirty studies were included in the final review. In twenty-two studies, the most widely adopted grafting materials were alloplastics. In most studies, the orthodontic force used was 10 or 100 g, and the timing of application ranged from immediate to 6 months after grafting surgery. Twenty-four studies showed an increase in osteogenesis; in five studies, the clinical attachment level (CAL) increased; in five others, the probing pocket depth (PPD) decreased; in sixteen studies, there was root resorption of a different magnitude. Though the effects of OTM on the periodontium in the grafted areas were positive, the outcomes should be interpreted with caution as future preclinical and clinical studies are needed to extrapolate more valid conclusions.