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Harmful cyanobacteria blooms (HCBs) are one of the main water quality threats affecting reservoirs. Guidelines suggest integrating laboratory, real-time in situ, and remote sensing data in the monitoring of HCBs. However, this approach is still little adopted in institutional measuring programs. We demonstrated that this integration improves frequency and spatial resolution of the data collection. Data were from an intense HCB (Planktothrix rubescens), which occurred in a south Italy multiple-uses reservoir (Lake Occhito) between 2008 and 2009 and regarded both the lake and the irrigation network. Laboratory and in situ fluorometric data were related to satellite imagery, using simple linear regression models, to produce surface lake-wide maps reporting the distribution of both P. rubescens and microcystins. In the first node of the distribution network, microcystin concentrations (4–10 µg L−1) reached values potentially able to damage the culture and to accumulate during cultivation. Nevertheless, our study shows a decrease in the microcystin content with the distance from the lake (0.05 µg L−1 km−1), with a reduction of about 80% of the microcystin concentrations at the furthest tanks. Recent improvements in the spatial resolution (i.e., tens of meters) of satellite imagery allow us to monitor the main tanks of large and complex irrigation systems.
Diego Copetti; Raffaella Matarrese; Mariano Bresciani; Licia Guzzella. Integration of In Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements for the Management of Harmful Cyanobacteria Blooms. A Lesson from a Strategic Multiple-Uses Reservoir (Lake Occhito, South Italy). Water 2021, 13, 2162 .
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Raffaella Matarrese, Mariano Bresciani, Licia Guzzella. Integration of In Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements for the Management of Harmful Cyanobacteria Blooms. A Lesson from a Strategic Multiple-Uses Reservoir (Lake Occhito, South Italy). Water. 2021; 13 (16):2162.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Raffaella Matarrese; Mariano Bresciani; Licia Guzzella. 2021. "Integration of In Situ and Remote Sensing Measurements for the Management of Harmful Cyanobacteria Blooms. A Lesson from a Strategic Multiple-Uses Reservoir (Lake Occhito, South Italy)." Water 13, no. 16: 2162.
This study presents the findings from several field campaigns carried out in Lake Idro (Northern Italy), a deep (124 m) meromictic-subalpine lake, whose water column is subdivided in a mixolimnion (~0–40 m) and a monimolimnion (~40–124 m). Hydrochemical data highlight two main peculiarities characterizing the Lake Idro meromixis: a) absence of a clear chemocline between the two main layers, b) presence of a high manganese/iron ratio (up to 20 mol/mol). The high manganese content contributed to the formation of a stable manganese dominated deep turbid stratum (40–65 m) enveloping the redoxcline (~45–55 m) in the upper monimolimnion. The presence of this turbid stratum in Lake Idro is described for the first time in this study. The paper examines the distribution of dissolved and particulate forms of transition metals (Mn and Fe), alkaline earth metals (Ca and Mg), and other macro-constituents or nutrients (S, P, NO3-N, NH4-N), and discusses their behavior over the redoxcline, where the main transition processes occur. Field measurements and theoretical considerations suggest that the deep turbid stratum is formed by a complex mixture of manganese and iron compounds with a prevalence of Mn(II)/Mn(III) in different forms including dissolved, colloidal, and fine particles, that give to the turbid stratum a white-pink opalescent coloration. The bacteria populations show a clear stratification with the upper aerobic layer dominated by the heterotrophic Flavobacterium sp., the turbid stratum hosting a specific microbiological pool, dominated by Caldimonas sp., and the deeper anaerobic layer dominated by the sulfur-oxidizing and denitrifier Sulfuricurvum sp. The occurrence in August 2010 of an anomalous lake surface coloration lasting about four weeks and developing from milky white-green to red-brown suggests that the upper zone of the turbid stratum could be eroded during intense weather-hydrological conditions with the final red-brown coloration resulting from the oxidation of Mn(II)/Mn(III) to Mn(IV) compounds.
Gianni Tartari; Diego Copetti; Andrea Franzetti; Marcella Balordi; Franco Salerno; Sudeep Thakuri; Barbara Leoni; Gianluca Chiarello; Pierangela Cristiani. Manganese-mediated hydrochemistry and microbiology in a meromictic subalpine lake (Lake Idro, Northern Italy) - A biogeochemical approach. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 795, 148743 .
AMA StyleGianni Tartari, Diego Copetti, Andrea Franzetti, Marcella Balordi, Franco Salerno, Sudeep Thakuri, Barbara Leoni, Gianluca Chiarello, Pierangela Cristiani. Manganese-mediated hydrochemistry and microbiology in a meromictic subalpine lake (Lake Idro, Northern Italy) - A biogeochemical approach. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 795 ():148743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianni Tartari; Diego Copetti; Andrea Franzetti; Marcella Balordi; Franco Salerno; Sudeep Thakuri; Barbara Leoni; Gianluca Chiarello; Pierangela Cristiani. 2021. "Manganese-mediated hydrochemistry and microbiology in a meromictic subalpine lake (Lake Idro, Northern Italy) - A biogeochemical approach." Science of The Total Environment 795, no. : 148743.
The formation of chemical and biological heterogeneity in lakes can be favored by physical and morphometric constrains. This study describes the results of four whole-lake field campaigns carried out in Lake Como (north Italy) during thermal stratification. The aim was to analyze the distribution of chemical-biological variables in a multi-basin lake as a result of internal and external physical drivers and constrains. Lake Como has a y-like shape encompassing three main sub-basins: northern, south-eastern, and south-western. Field data underlined: the presence of chemical-biological gradients between the south-western basin and the rest of the lake and the propagation of a fresher water-plume (formed by the two main northern inflows) into the northern basin and then into the south-western closed arm. The use of a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model showed a periodic movement of this plume that tends to enter the south-western basin first and then to return toward north, moving forward and back through the junction of the three arms. The entrance into the eastern basin, instead, occurs only secondarily. Wavelet transform analysis revealed common periodicity between the plume movement and the action of different external and internal lake-stressors, including: the discharge of the main inflow (period centered at 1, 3.3, and 6.5 day), the wind intensity (0.5 and 1 day) and the two main basin-scale internal wave motions: (3.3 day and 7.1 day). The periodic movement of the fresher water-plume enhances the water exchange and reduces the chemical-biological gradients between the western closed basin and the main lake, playing a crucial role in distributing both inorganic and organic materials at the lake basin-scale.
Diego Copetti; Nicolas Guyennon; Fabio Buzzi. Generation and dispersion of chemical and biological gradients in a large-deep multi-basin lake (Lake Como, north Italy): The joint effect of external drivers and internal wave motions. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 749, 141587 .
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Nicolas Guyennon, Fabio Buzzi. Generation and dispersion of chemical and biological gradients in a large-deep multi-basin lake (Lake Como, north Italy): The joint effect of external drivers and internal wave motions. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 749 ():141587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Nicolas Guyennon; Fabio Buzzi. 2020. "Generation and dispersion of chemical and biological gradients in a large-deep multi-basin lake (Lake Como, north Italy): The joint effect of external drivers and internal wave motions." Science of The Total Environment 749, no. : 141587.
The interaction of climate with aquatic ecosystems is a multidisciplinary field of research involving water quantity and quality issues and having strong socio-economic implications. This special issue hosts 10 studies undertaken in 7 countries of 4 continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America. The issue provides a wide spectrum of natural and artificial case-studies and covers a broad range of climatic conditions. Most of the studies adopted a modelling (50%) or a field (40%) approach and focused on water-quantity (60%), while the remaining were equally subdivided between water-quality and biogeochemistry. Forty percent of the papers directly face climate change. The diversity of approaches and case studies is the main aspect characterizing this special issue. Despite this high diversification, in relation to water-quantity related issues, we can identify the following messages: high attention to extreme meteorological events, drought in particular, even in regions once considered rich in water (e.g., northern Italy); fragility of agricultural and water supply systems in the face of extreme weather events, in particular in low-income countries (e.g., Madagascar); more attention to climate change compared to land cover/use change but importance of natural land cover to efficiently face the incoming climate change, in particular, in agriculture ecosystems. From a water quality biogeochemistry point of view, we can point out: sensitivity of lakes to climate change with the risk of biodiversity loss; need to reduce nutrient loads to mitigate eutrophication related problems, exacerbated by climate change; in particular, reduction of nitrogen loads from agriculture run-off, to reduce N2O emissions in large-shallow Chinese environments.
Diego Copetti; Franco Salerno. Climate–Water–Ecosystem–Interactions: Insights from Four Continent’s Case Studies. Water 2020, 12, 1445 .
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Franco Salerno. Climate–Water–Ecosystem–Interactions: Insights from Four Continent’s Case Studies. Water. 2020; 12 (5):1445.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Franco Salerno. 2020. "Climate–Water–Ecosystem–Interactions: Insights from Four Continent’s Case Studies." Water 12, no. 5: 1445.
Reconstructions of past fluvial contamination through the analysis of deep sediment cores are rarely reported in literature. We examined the phosphorus fractions in a deep (2.6 m) sediment core of the Lambro River downstream of the highly anthropized Milan metropolitan area and upstream of the Po river the main Italian watercourse. The core covered the period 1962–2011. Total phosphorus concentrations resulted typical of a strongly impacted environment (4788 mg P kg DW−1 on average) with the highest concentrations related to the 1960s (7639 mg P kg DW−1) reflecting the period of maximum demographic growth. Afterwards, phosphorus concentrations decreased thanks to the infrastructural and legislative initiatives carried out in the 1980s and the 1990s to reduce the impact of urban point sources. Subsequently, total phosphorus concentrations stabilized on values around 3000 mg P kg DW−1 and did not diminish further, even after the second phase of infrastructural interventions carried out in the second half of the 2000s. This was related to the increasing relative impact of the combined sewer overflows in the sewage system and to the strong phosphorus enrichment of the basin. Most of the phosphorus was in inorganic forms (86% of the total) that have been identified as the final target of the domestic effluent inputs. The contribution of organic phosphorus was lower but constant over the period 1962–2011. It likely originated from the agricultural areas located south of the city of Milan. In conclusion, this study underlines how past interventions have been effective in reducing urban point sources but it also highlights the current difficulties related to the growing importance of other sources influenced by the surface runoff (i.e., combined sewer overflows and agriculture). The study also emphasizes a general phosphorus enrichment of the Lambro River basin and its impact on the Po River and the Adriatic Sea.
Diego Copetti; Gianni Tartari; Lucia Valsecchi; Franco Salerno; Gaetano Viviano; Domenico Mastroianni; HongBin Yin; Luigi Viganò. Phosphorus content in a deep river sediment core as a tracer of long-term (1962–2011) anthropogenic impacts: A lesson from the Milan metropolitan area. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 646, 37 -48.
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Gianni Tartari, Lucia Valsecchi, Franco Salerno, Gaetano Viviano, Domenico Mastroianni, HongBin Yin, Luigi Viganò. Phosphorus content in a deep river sediment core as a tracer of long-term (1962–2011) anthropogenic impacts: A lesson from the Milan metropolitan area. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 646 ():37-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Gianni Tartari; Lucia Valsecchi; Franco Salerno; Gaetano Viviano; Domenico Mastroianni; HongBin Yin; Luigi Viganò. 2018. "Phosphorus content in a deep river sediment core as a tracer of long-term (1962–2011) anthropogenic impacts: A lesson from the Milan metropolitan area." Science of The Total Environment 646, no. : 37-48.
Clay-based phosphorus (P) sorbents have been increasingly used as geoengineering materials for the management sediment-derived internal P loading in eutrophic lakes. However, the long-term behavior of these sorbents has remained elusive along with their response to burial under suspended particulate matter (SPM), and their effect on macroinvertebrate communities occupying dynamic regions at the sediment-water interface of shallow and turbid lakes. In this study, field mesocosm experiments were undertaken in Lake Chaohu, China, to study the effects of the application of lanthanum-modified bentonite (LMB) and thermally-modified calcium-rich attapulgite (TCAP) on sediment internal P loading and to assess their influence on macroinvertebrate community structure. A complementary laboratory core incubation study was also undertaken to investigate the effects of SPM deposition on LMB and TCAP performance. In the field, both LMB and TCAP effectively intercepted P released from sediment for up to five months. A P fractionation analysis indicated that LMB and TCAP application results in a substantial increase in inert P fractions in sediment. Laboratory studies indicated that deposition of SPM may increase in mobile P both in the upper sediment and across the new post-SPM deposition sediment-water interface. Importantly, a comparison of sediment chemical extractions and estimated P fluxes suggests that chemically-defined forms of P in the sediment may be used as a proxy to estimate the net sediment P flux. Significantly, the surficial application of either LMB or TCAP did not cause negative effects on macroinvertebrate communities. This study indicates that to sustain a low P flux across the sediment-water interface in shallow, turbid lakes, repeat dosing of geoengineering materials, temporally aligned to the deposition of fluvial SPM, may be required.
HongBin Yin; Grant B. Douglas; Yongjiu Cai; Cheng Liu; Diego Copetti. Remediation of internal phosphorus loads with modified clays, influence of fluvial suspended particulate matter and response of the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 610-611, 101 -110.
AMA StyleHongBin Yin, Grant B. Douglas, Yongjiu Cai, Cheng Liu, Diego Copetti. Remediation of internal phosphorus loads with modified clays, influence of fluvial suspended particulate matter and response of the benthic macroinvertebrate community. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 610-611 ():101-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongBin Yin; Grant B. Douglas; Yongjiu Cai; Cheng Liu; Diego Copetti. 2018. "Remediation of internal phosphorus loads with modified clays, influence of fluvial suspended particulate matter and response of the benthic macroinvertebrate community." Science of The Total Environment 610-611, no. : 101-110.
We estimated the external phosphorus load (EPL) between 1960 and 2015 in Lake Pusiano, a mid-sized subalpine lake that reached its maximum trophic state in the mid-1980s. Using historical data we also estimated the internal phosphorus load (IPL) between 1972 and 2015. EPL reached its maximum in the mid-1980s with phosphorus (P) values ~21 t yr−1 compared to the current value close to 6 t yr−1. IPL was one order of magnitude less and ranged between 0.25 t yr−1 (2015) and 3.6 (1985) t yr−1. The strong reduction of the P load determined a marked decrease of both P (from 200 to 23 μg L−1) and chlorophyll a (from 18 to 8 μg L−1) in-lake concentrations. The process of eutrophication and subsequent recovery, however, showed hysteresis between P load and in-lake P concentrations. In recent years, in particular, the P concentrations at winter overturn seem to be independent from the P load, related to modifications in the hydrological management of the lake that favored P flush-out in October–November, when the EPL is maximal. This process led to a marked decrease of the total P concentrations at winter overturn (23 μg L−1), which recently resulted in lower-than-target concentrations (30 μg L−1) established by the Lombardy Region. The lake, nevertheless, suffers from the presence of the toxic cyanobacterium Planktothrix rubescens, and eradicating this species and further improving water quality will likely require an additional abatement of the EPL.
Diego Copetti; Franco Salerno; Lucia Valsecchi; Gaetano Viviano; Fabio Buzzi; Chiara Agostinelli; Riccardo Formenti; Alessandro Marieri; Gianni Tartari. Restoring lakes through external phosphorus load reduction: the case of Lake Pusiano (Southern Alps). Inland Waters 2017, 7, 100 -108.
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Franco Salerno, Lucia Valsecchi, Gaetano Viviano, Fabio Buzzi, Chiara Agostinelli, Riccardo Formenti, Alessandro Marieri, Gianni Tartari. Restoring lakes through external phosphorus load reduction: the case of Lake Pusiano (Southern Alps). Inland Waters. 2017; 7 (1):100-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Franco Salerno; Lucia Valsecchi; Gaetano Viviano; Fabio Buzzi; Chiara Agostinelli; Riccardo Formenti; Alessandro Marieri; Gianni Tartari. 2017. "Restoring lakes through external phosphorus load reduction: the case of Lake Pusiano (Southern Alps)." Inland Waters 7, no. 1: 100-108.
This paper reviews the scientific knowledge on the use of a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) to manage eutrophication in surface water. The LMB has been applied in around 200 environments worldwide and it has undergone extensive testing at laboratory, mesocosm, and whole lake scales. The available data underline a high efficiency for phosphorus binding. This efficiency can be limited by the presence of humic substances and competing oxyanions. Lanthanum concentrations detected during a LMB application are generally below acute toxicological threshold of different organisms, except in low alkalinity waters. To date there are no indications for long-term negative effects on LMB treated ecosystems, but issues related to La accumulation, increase of suspended solids and drastic resources depletion still need to be explored, in particular for sediment dwelling organisms. Application of LMB in saline waters need a careful risk evaluation due to potential lanthanum release.
Diego Copetti; Karin Finsterle; Laura Marziali; Fabrizio Stefani; Gianni Tartari; Grant Douglas; Kasper Reitzel; Bryan M. Spears; Ian J. Winfield; Giuseppe Crosa; Patrick D'Haese; Said Yasseri; Miquel Lürling. Eutrophication management in surface waters using lanthanum modified bentonite: A review. Water Research 2016, 97, 162 -174.
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Karin Finsterle, Laura Marziali, Fabrizio Stefani, Gianni Tartari, Grant Douglas, Kasper Reitzel, Bryan M. Spears, Ian J. Winfield, Giuseppe Crosa, Patrick D'Haese, Said Yasseri, Miquel Lürling. Eutrophication management in surface waters using lanthanum modified bentonite: A review. Water Research. 2016; 97 ():162-174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Karin Finsterle; Laura Marziali; Fabrizio Stefani; Gianni Tartari; Grant Douglas; Kasper Reitzel; Bryan M. Spears; Ian J. Winfield; Giuseppe Crosa; Patrick D'Haese; Said Yasseri; Miquel Lürling. 2016. "Eutrophication management in surface waters using lanthanum modified bentonite: A review." Water Research 97, no. : 162-174.
In this chapter we present the result of two model exercises aiming at simulating the impact of climate change onto two classes of surface aquifers: lakes and rivers. Section 10.1 focuses on the impact of global warming on the thermal structure of two Italian South alpine lakes: Lake Como and Pusiano. Long term hydrodynamic simulations (1953–2050) were performed using the hydrodynamic model DYRESM (Dynamic Reservoir Simulation Model). DYRESM simulations were forced with downscaled regional climate scenarios undertaken within CIRCE. Our model simulations projected a yearly average temperature increase of 0.04°C year−1 for the period 1970–2000 and 0.03°C year−1 for the period 2001–2050 (A1b IPCC scenario). These results are in line with those detected in long term research studies carried out world-wide. This temperature increase is first responsible for a general increase of the water column stability and for a reduction of the mass transfer between deep and surface waters with direct implications on the oxygen and nutrient cycles. The magnitude of the temperature increase is also sufficient to impact on the growth of phytoplankton populations and it is likely one of the concurrent causes promoting the massive cyanobacteria blooms, recently detected in the two Italian case studies and in different lake environments in Europe. Section 10.2 approaches the problem of establishing a methodology to estimate the average yearly nutrient (phosphorus and nitrogen) river loads under present climate conditions and under the forcing of climate change. The case study is the Po River the largest hydrological basin in Italy and the third tributary of the Mediterranean semi-enclosed basin. The methodology developed in this study is based on a hierarchy of different numerical models which allowed to feed the MONERIS model (MOdeling Nutrient Emissions into River System) with the necessary meteorological and hydrological forcing. MONERIS was previously calibrated (1990–1995) and validated (1996–2000) under past conditions and then run under current conditions to define a control experiment (CE). Current nutrient loads have been estimated in 170,000 and 8,000 t year−1 respectively for nitrogen and phosphorus. Approximately 70% of the nitrogen load is from diffuse sources while 65% of the phosphorus load originates from point sources. Nutrient loads projections at 2100 (under different IPCC scenarios) allowed to estimate that both nitrogen and phosphorus loads are strictly dependent on the resident population which is responsible of a 61 and 41% increase respectively for nitrogen and phosphorus. Projected nutrient load variations were found to be negligible when holding the resident population constant. Finally the phosphorus load is markedly influenced by the efficiency of the waste water treatment plants (WWTPs).
Diego Copetti; Luca Carniato; Alessandro Crise; Nicolas Guyennon; Luca Palmeri; Giovanna Pisacane; Maria Vittoria Struglia; Gianni Tartari. Impacts of Climate Change on Water Quality. Advances in Global Change Research 2013, 307 -332.
AMA StyleDiego Copetti, Luca Carniato, Alessandro Crise, Nicolas Guyennon, Luca Palmeri, Giovanna Pisacane, Maria Vittoria Struglia, Gianni Tartari. Impacts of Climate Change on Water Quality. Advances in Global Change Research. 2013; ():307-332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego Copetti; Luca Carniato; Alessandro Crise; Nicolas Guyennon; Luca Palmeri; Giovanna Pisacane; Maria Vittoria Struglia; Gianni Tartari. 2013. "Impacts of Climate Change on Water Quality." Advances in Global Change Research , no. : 307-332.