The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of molecular hydrogen, delivered as hydrogen-rich saline (HRS), on spinal cord injury was investigated. Four-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were classified into four groups: (1) control—laminectomy only at T7-T10; (2) spinal injury—dura left intact, Tator and Rivlin clip compression model applied to the spinal cord for 1 min, no treatment given; (3) HRS group—applied intraperitoneally (i.p.) for seven days; and (4) spinal injury—HRS administered i.p. for seven days after laminectomy at T7–T10 level, leaving the dura intact and applying the Tator and Rivlin clip compression model to the spinal cord for 1 min. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured in blood taken at day seven from all groups, and hematoxylin–eosin (H & E) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) were used to stain the tissue samples. IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the group treated with HRS following the spinal cord injury compared to the group whose spinal cord was damaged. A decrease in apoptosis was also observed. The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of IL-6 may be a clinically useful adjuvant therapy after spinal cord injury.

Indomethacin is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug and may cause oxidative damage in the stomach tissue. Scientific studies are carried out to discover alternative bioactive phytocompounds and to reveal herbal products with pharmacological effects. In our study, we investigated whether the Ferula, which is antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory, used for treatment of erectile dysfunction in men, menopausal disorders, diabetes, and prevention of osteoporosis, is effective in the treatment of gastric ulcer. 36 Sprague–Dawley adolescent male rats were divided into six groups: indomethacin, indomethacin + Famotidine, indomethacin + Ferula 400 mg, indomethacin + Ferula 800 mg, Ferula 800 mg, and healthy. It was determined that ulcerative areas were decreased in the high‐dose group of Ferula extract. SOD, GSH, and CAT levels increased with Ferula extract in 800 mg doses, and MDA levels decreased with Ferula extract in 800 mg doses compared to the indomethacin group. TNF‐α and p53 gene expression levels were decreased in Ferula extract in low doses (600 mg) compared to the indomethacin group. We determined that Ferula was effective in gastric ulcers. Ferula orientalis plant extract may be an alternative way to prevent drug‐induced gastric ulcer. This anti‐ulcer effect will be used as a food supplement in the future with further studies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the healing impact of an ointment derived from the Alkanna tinctoria plant upon Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced infections. Material and Methods: In this study, 18 male adolescent rats (mean age 6 weeks) weighed an average of 180 g were used. Animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1: Control group (consisting of burns, no treatment was done), Group 2 (P. aeruginosa): Burn was created and infected with P. aeruginosa, Group 3 (Cream): P. aeruginosa was used to infect the burns area and the herbal mixture was administered twice a day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon. Under anesthesia, the backs of the rats were shaved, and a specially produced steel bar with a diameter of 1*1 cm was immersed in boiling water for 15 seconds before being applied to their backs for 20 seconds. The burned area was subsequently infected with the ATCC Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain, and samples were collected 24 hours later. To detect bacterial growth in this area, the samples were inoculated on blood and EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue) media in a microbiology laboratory. After inoculation, the animals were placed in separate sterile cages and randomly divided into three groups. Once the growth was observed, the tissue and blood samples were harvested from the rats on the 2nd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days. Results: Epithelial regeneration in this group was more prominent. Vascularization was remarkable on the 2nd day, especially in the group in where we induced a burn and applied the ointment. VEGF levels increased more in the ointment group than in that of others. On the 2nd day of the study, the average bacterial count was 105 in sample of both 2nd and 3rd groups. At the end of the study, while the average of bacterial count was increased in the 2nd group, the average of bacterial count was decreased in the 3rd group. Conclusion: It was concluded that the ointment obtained from A. tinctorial successfully repaired the epithelial tissue and contributed to the healing of wounds by modifying increasing VEGF in the blood. However, further research is needed before this ointment can be highly recommended for therapeutic usage

Purpose: Since paracetamol toxicity is a very common type of poisoning, we planned to investigate whether Jervine has an effect on paracetamol toxicity by utilizing its anti-inflammatory effect. Materials and Methods: In our study, 42 Sprague Dawley rats of 8 weeks of age were used. Seven groups were formed with 6 animals in each group. At the 24th hour of the study, all groups underwent laparotomy under anesthesia, and liver dissection was performed. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was performed to evaluate liver histopathology. SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA levels were analyzed biochemically. Results: Histopathological, while liver tissues were normal in the control group, we observed degeneration areas, inflammation, and hemorrhage in the paracetamol group. Jervine reduced the severity of paracetamol toxicity and prevented liver damage. Jervine significantly increased SOD levels. Paracetamol administration significantly decreased CAT levels. Paracetamol significantly decreased GSH levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: Jervine reduced the adverse effects of paracetamol toxicity on liver tissue, such as degeneration, inflammation, and hemorrhage. Jervine increased antioxidant activity and reduced the harmful effects of NAPQI, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, on liver tissue.

Objectives: Ovarian torsion is an important gynaecological emergency because it causes ischemia in ovary. Our aim is to research the effects of Hypericum perforatum on p53, TNF-α, CAT, SOD, GSH, PTEN and is haPI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in ovarian of rats with ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials and Methods: The study included 56 adult female rats which were allocated to 7 groups; control, ischemia, ischemia 300HP, ischemia 600HP, I/R, I/R 300HP and I/R 600HP. H. perforatum was applied to ischemia 300HP, ischemia 600HP, I/R 300HP and I/R 600HP groups at the dose of 300 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg by oral gavage. Collected ovarian tissues were examined by light microscopy, biochemical and real-time PCR techniques. Results: In histological examination, the least degeneration was seen in 600HP group among other groups, apart from control group. TUNEL results showed that apoptosis level of other groups was lower than that of ischemia and I/R groups. CAT and GSH levels of I/R 600HP group increased. The highest level of PTEN and mTOR was found in the ischemia group. The Akt level was lower in I/R and I/R 300HP groups but its level was close to that of control and I/R 600HP groups. TNF-α and p53 mRNA expressions in I/R group were increased. Conclusions: The result of the study showed that H. perforatum (600 mg/kg) had an effect on tissue degeneration, CAT and GSH levels, and also TNF-α and p53 mRNA expressions levels. We suggest that H. perforatum can be considered as an agent to protect against tissues damage during ischemia reperfusion.