Smartphone use has become widespread and continues to grow rapidly. Medical students, already highly susceptible to sleep deprivation, may experience exacerbated issues due to smartphone usage, particularly at bedtime. Therefore, understanding the potential negative impacts of this behavior is crucial. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of sleep quality among medical students bed time smart phone users in Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 354 undergraduate medical students selected through simple random sampling from Debre Marko's University, the University of Gondar, and Debre Berhan University. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and structured interviews. Variables with a p-value of ≤0.2 in bivariable regression were included in multivariable logistic regression. Crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios were calculated, while chi-square tests were used to assess assumptions. In multivariable regression, variables with a p-value of ≤0.05 were deemed significant predictors at the 95 % confidence interval. The results showed that among bedtime smartphone users, 67.52 % had a poor sleep quality index greater than 5. Poor sleep quality was significantly linked to factors such as sex, regular coffee consumption, the purpose of smartphone use, phone position during use, the duration of smartphone use, and a history of disease. Social media usage was the most common activity, accounting for 41.60 % of smartphone use, followed by watching videos (21.65 %). This study highlights the detrimental effects of bedtime smartphone use on sleep quality, which subsequently impacts mental. Given these findings, it is strongly recommended that medical students reduce their smartphone use before bedtime to improve their sleep quality.

Introduction: The occurrence of extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing uropathogens, especially in pregnant women can result in life-threatening condition and morbidity for both the mother and the newborn due to very limited drug options for treatment of these pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial profile, associated factors, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and to identify extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing bacterial uropathogens. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2018 on a total of 177 pregnant women with and without symptoms of urinary tract infection at ALERT Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. From these study participants, 72 have symptoms, whereas 105 have no symptoms. All urine samples were inoculated onto cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient medium and MacConkey agar. Colonies were counted to check the presence of significant bacteriuria. Pure isolates of bacterial pathogen were characterized and identified at species level by colony morphology, gram stain, and standard biochemical procedures. All Gram-negative isolates were put into Muller–Hinton agar plates for antibiotic susceptibility test by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Extended spectrum beta lactamase was detected using double-disk synergy methods on Muller–Hinton agar. The data were double entered into epidemiological Information system and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 26. Results: The overall proportion of urinary tract infection among pregnant women was 14.7% ( n = 26/177). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the predominant bacterial etiologic agent of urinary tract infection 26.9% ( n = 7/26). The proportion of extended spectrum beta lactamase among Gram-negative isolates was 50% ( n = 6/12). Among extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing isolates (100%), all are resistance to amikacin and gentamicin while intermediate level resistance rate of 66.7% was observed among trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole. They were susceptible for some limited drugs, and these were Nitrofurantoin (83.3%) and Chloramphenicol (83.3%). Conclusions: Majority of extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing isolates exhibited co-resistance to other commonly prescribed antibiotics. This indicates that the option of treatment for these pathogens rapidly decreased from time to time which results serious life-threatening conditions, especially in mother and newborn unless the appropriate measure is taken.

Background: Bacterial infections constitute a large portion of infectious disorders. The location of culture-positive specimens and profiles of antibiotic resistance for common pathogens have been the focal points of subsequent investigations. Methodology: The diagnosis of microbiology was carried out using traditional culture techniques. In accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was employed for antimicrobial susceptibility analysis. The data were extracted from WHONET 2022 software version 22.5.5 and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: In total, 2489 pathogens were isolated from 2073 patients in three consecutive years. About 768 (34.9%) of the isolates were from the neonatal intensive care unit and the pediatric wards, and 63.2% isolates were from blood specimens. The ESKAPE pathogens were predominant (67%). About 100 Enterobacteriaceae family member bacteria were resistant to carbapenem drugs, and 320 isolates of this family were expected to be beta lactamase producers. A total of 120 methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were also identified. Conclusions: Among the isolates, ESKAPE pathogens accounted for the greatest proportion. Most isolates were from the neonatal intensive care unit. A significant number of multidrug-resistant, extreme drug-resistant, and pandrug-resistant isolates were identified in the present study.

The sporadic mpox disease outbreak in Africa poses a global public health challenge. Although vaccines have been developed to combat the disease, its acceptance among healthcare workers (HCWs) varies across nations. This study aims to estimate the pooled mpox vaccine acceptance among HCWs and its associated factors. Databases and JBI appraisal checklist were used to include 21 studies. Heterogeneity and publication bias were checked with the I ² test and funnel plot, respectively. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to estimate mpox vaccine acceptance among HCWs. The Eggers and Beggs test was computed to see if there is small study effect. This review included 21 studies with 13,969 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of HCWs’ mpox vaccines acceptance was 53.43% (95% CI [41.67, 65.19]). The HCWs with vaccine eagerness (OR: 4.78 [2.35, 7.21]), previous COVID-19 infections (OR: 1.47 [1.24, 1.69]), public health risk concern about mpox disease (OR: 3.57 [1.68, 5.46]), and good knowledge scores (OR: 2.04 [1.67, 2.41]) had higher odds of willing to receive mpox vaccines. However, HCWs who did not apply tighter infection prevention and control measures had reduced odds of mpox vaccine acceptance (OR: 0.59 [0.30, 0.87]). The acceptance of mpox vaccine among HCWs was still low worldwide. Therefore, national health ministries and global actors should prioritize the factors identified in this study, including providing training and enforcing crucial vaccine intervention strategies among high-risk groups.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and determinants of essential newborn care (ENC) practices among Ethiopian mothers using the 2023 Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) dataset. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative 2023 PMA Ethiopia survey. Participants: A total of 1933 mothers with complete data on ENC practices were included. Setting: Ethiopia, using a multi-stage stratified cluster sample. Primary outcome measures: ENC, defined as the adoption of at least four of five WHO-recommended practices: immediate drying, delayed bathing, skin-to-skin contact, clean cord care and early initiation of breastfeeding. Results: Overall, 32.1% (95% CI 28.1% to 36.0%) of mothers practised at least four ENC components. Coverage was highest for immediate drying (95.4%) and delayed bathing (87.3%), but lower for skin-to-skin contact (53.6%) and clean cord care (64.5%). Health facility delivery showed a strong association with higher ENC practice (adjusted OR (AOR)=106.00; 95% CI 46.14 to 243.54). Mothers who were spouses, rather than household heads, had higher odds of practising ENC (AOR=2.88; 95% CI 1.20 to 6.89) and those mothers with parity two or three had higher odds of practising ENC compared with first-time mothers (AOR=2.00; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.02 and AOR=3.39; 95% CI 1.76 to 6.53, respectively). Lack of postnatal care attendance was negatively associated with ENC (AOR=0.56; 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). Regional disparities were observed, with mothers in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ region being significantly less likely to practise ENC compared with those in Addis Ababa (AOR=0.31; 95% CI 0.15 to 0.64). All results are based on weighted data to ensure national representativeness. Conclusion: The prevalence of ENC practices remains low in Ethiopia. Health facility delivery, maternal role in the household, parity and region of residence were significant predictors of ENC practice. Strengthening facility-based delivery, promoting maternal empowerment and addressing regional disparities are essential to improving newborn health outcomes in the country and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a global public health crisis that threatens to render conventional antibiotic regimens obsolete. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has emerged as a revolutionary tool in molecular biology, offering unmatched sequence-specific genome-editing capabilities. By leveraging custom single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), CRISPR/Cas9 can precisely target, cleave, or modify specific genomic and plasmid-borne resistance determinants, thereby neutralizing resistance pathways or directly inducing lethal double-strand breaks in pathogenic bacteria. Beyond simple gene disruption, CRISPR-based tools can eliminate resistance-carrying plasmids, block horizontal gene transfer (HGT), impair virulence pathways, and dismantle biofilm architectures while preserving commensal microflora. This narrative review provides a rigorous, updated synthesis of the structural and mechanical framework of CRISPR/Cas9, its targeted application across major multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, a side-by-side analysis of various delivery systems, and the current balance of therapeutic promise against biological, ecological, and translational safety risks. Furthermore, we outline synergistic integrations with advanced nanocarriers, bacteriophage platforms, synthetic biology, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), laying out a prospective roadmap toward publishable clinical translation.