The use of nanoparticles (NPs) has generated an alternative pest control. The objective was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs), and their combination on Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) second-stage nymphs under laboratory and greenhouse conditions in tomato. The laboratory research was carried out with the leaf immersion bioassay method under a complete randomized design, and in the greenhouse by direct plant spraying under a randomized block design; in both designs, a control without NPs was added. Mortality was recorded every 24 h for 4 days. Both NPs in the laboratory and greenhouse showed toxicity to B. cockerelli nymphs. Results in the laboratory showed that NPs significantly caused increased mortality of 88, 99, and 100% 96 h after treatment of ZnO NPs, TiO₂ NPs, and their combinations, at 1000, 100, and 250 ppm, respectively. Direct spray of plants in the greenhouse showed low mortality with 27, 32, and 23% after 96 h of ZnO NPs, TiO₂ NPs, and their combinations, at 3000, 500, and 250 ppm, respectively. These results on B. cockerelli control seem promising. Nanoparticles as insecticides are a novel strategy, however, further investigation is required in field tests to obtain suitable efficacy for use in a pest management system.

Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important crop worldwide and it is widely grown and used in different industries to manufacture food, pharmaceutical, and insecticidal products. (Shang et al., 2019, V...

Meloidogyne incognita is one of the main biological agents that affects tomato production, alternatives to chemical pesticides are currently being evaluated, looking for compounds for nematode control. The objective of the study was to evaluate the nematicidal activity of limonene, allyl isothiocyanate, eucalyptol (2000, 1000, 500, 250, 100 and 0 ppm), β-citronellol (200, 100, 50, 25, 10, 0 ppm) and azadirachtin (12000, 10000, 8000, 6000, 4000, 0 ppm), on J2 of M. incognita. Samples were carried out in greenhouses in the State of Morelos, where soil and root samples were taken, to obtain the nematodes. The bioassays were carried out following the Cristóbal - Alejo methodology, in a controlled environment, the biological activity of five compounds was evaluated, under six treatments with five repetitions each; and as an experimental unit a Petri dish with 30 juveniles (J2) of M. incognita was used and 3 mL of each concentration was added to see the mortality response, the evaluations were carried out at 24 hours considering dead individuals they responded to the stimulation of the entomological pin, the correction of mortality was made by Abbott's formula and the mean lethal concentration was obtained using SAS 9.0. The mortality results were between 12 and 87.9%, however; β-citronellol was the one that presented the highest mortality rates and lowest LC50, so it can be considered as an alternative for nematode control.

Phytotoxicity caused by secondary metabolites of botanical extracts is a drawback in agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of methanolic extracts of Crotalaria longirostrata and Argemone mexicana on the germination and physiological variables of tomato seedlings. The results indicated that high doses of both extracts (Clong500 and Amex500) inhibited tomato seed germination, while their mixture (Cl50 + Am50) promoted germination by 100%. At 30 days after transplanting (dat), the plant height increased by 15.4% with a high dose of C. longirostrata (Clong500) compared to the control. At 30 dat, the vigor index displayed a notable increase with Cl50 + Am50, reaching 29.5%. The root length increased with the mean dose of A. mexicana (Amex95) at 10, 20, and 30 dat (59.7%, 15.1%, and 22.4%, respectively). The chlorophyll content increased with Amex95 by 66.1% in 10 dat, 22.6% at 20 dat, and 19.6% at 30 dat. On the other hand, Amex95 had a higher nitrogen content throughout the trial. Amex95 produced the greatest increase in root dry weight by 731.5% and 209.4% at 10 and 20 dat. The foliage dry weight increased by 85.7% at 10 dat with Amex95 and up to 209.7% with Amex50 at 30 dat. The present investigation reveals the ability of the extracts to stimulate tomato growth at low and medium doses, though at high doses they exhibit allelopathic effects.

In Mexico, the main states for garlic (Allium sativum L.) production are Zacatecas, Guanajuato, and Puebla. In the 2020 crop season, garlic cultivation encompassed 6,794 ha, yielding 85,505 tons (S...

La presente investigación aborda el estudio taxonómico de la familia Cleridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) la cual se encuentra asociada a distintas actividades biológicas en los ecosistemas donde habitan, fungiendo como depredadores, necrófagos o polinizadores y cuentan con una amplia distribución ecológica en México. En el país se han realizado investigaciones enfocadas en la recolecta e identificación de integrantes de esta familia de escarabajos. Sin embargo, esta información permanece dispersa o es muy antigua, lo cual a su vez no permite tener la información en una sola fuente y para tener una visión más amplia del taxón. Por tanto, se realizó una revisión detallada de literatura científica y de especímenes depositados en colecciones entomológicas de diferentes instituciones. Con los resultados de esta investigación se conformó una base de datos digital, la cual alberga los registros de las especies de Cleridae presentes en México, el número asciende a 535 especies pertenecientes a 60 géneros y 11 subfamilias.