The results of the synthesis of microcrystalline calcium phosphates such as hydroxoapatite, pyrophosphate, and tricalcium phosphate are presented herein. The influence of the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the phase characteristics of the resulting high-temperature ceramic sample is considered. The X-ray results show that hydroxyapatite (HAp) consists of a Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH) phase, while the sample with the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone contains β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (65.5%) and β-Ca₂P₂O₇ (34.5%) phases calcium phosphates (CPs). IR spectroscopy was used to characterize the compositions of the samples. An important characteristic of the obtained samples is the elemental Ca/P ratio, which was determined via energy-dispersive analysis. The data obtained are consistent with the composition of dental enamel apatites, namely, in the CPs (1.27) and HAp (1.40). SEM was used to study the morphology of the surfaces of hydroxyapatite particles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer fibers were obtained using the electroforming method with the inclusion of CPs in the composition. The fibers were oriented randomly, and nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles were incorporated into the fiber structure. Solubility data of the HAp, CPs, and Fibers in a physiological solution at room temperature and human body temperature were obtained. The solubility of the resulting HAp turned out to be higher than the solubility of the CPs. In turn, the concentration of Ca²⁺ in a physiological solution of PVP composite fibers with the inclusion of CPs was lower than that in powdered CPs.

The efficiency of membrane reactors for steam reforming of hydrocarbons depends critically on the performance and selectivity of hydrogen-permeable membranes. In this work, a strategy for controlling the catalytic and gas-transport characteristics of Pd-Ag-Ru membranes by modifying the surface and controlling the morphology of nanostructured coatings was developed. It was found that as the process temperatures approached ~200 °C and the membrane thickness decreased, a transition to limitation of the hydrogen transfer process by surface stages was observed. Surface modification with pyramidal nanoparticles resulted in a significant increase in the hydrogen flux by up to 1.5 times compared to membranes with spiked nanoparticles and up to 2 times compared to membranes with spherical nanoparticles. The maximum difference in fluxes of up to 12 times was achieved compared to uncoated membranes. The achieved result is due to a significant increase in the active surface area associated with a systematic change in the morphology of the coatings. This aspect was a key factor in improving the catalytic activity of the material, reducing the energy barrier of sorption and accelerating the stages of hydrogen transfer through the developed membranes. Thus, modification with shape-controlled nanoparticle coatings presents an effective strategy for overcoming the limitations of the permeability of palladium-based membranes under conditions of small thickness and low temperatures. The use of the developed membranes in steam reforming reactors of alcohols can provide increased energy efficiency, conversion and purity of hydrogen.

Pain and anesthesia are a problem for all physicians. Scientists from different countries are constantly searching for new anesthetic agents and methods of general anesthesia. In anesthesiology, the role and importance of local anesthesia always remain topical. In the present work, a comparative analysis of the results of pharmacological studies on models of the conduction and terminal anesthesia, as well as acute toxicity studies of the inclusion complex of 1-methyl-4-ethynyl-4-hydroxypiperidine (MEP) with β-cyclodextrin, was carried out. A virtual screening and comparative analysis of pharmacological activity were also performed on a number of the prepared piperidine derivatives and their host–guest complexes of β-cyclodextrin to identify the structure–activity relationship. Various programs were used to study biological activity in silico. For comparative analysis of chemical and pharmacological properties, data from previous works were used. For some piperidine derivatives, new dosage forms were prepared as beta-cyclodextrin host–guest complexes. Some compounds were recognized as promising local anesthetics. Pharmacological studies have shown that KFCD-7 is more active than reference drugs in terms of local anesthetic activity and acute toxicity but is less active than host–guest complexes, based on other piperidines. This fact is in good agreement with the predicted results of biological activity.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite (ZnHA) have been prepared via precipitation from solution. The lattice parameters of ZnHA (а, b = 9.41766 Å, с = 6.88048 Å) are about 0.001 Å smaller than those of HA (а, b = 9.41866 Å, с = 6.88158 Å). The change in the lattice parameters of the ZnHA studied confirms partial Zn²⁺ substitution for Ca²⁺ in the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite. IR spectra indicated the presence of functional groups (OH^– and \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\)) in the composition of HA. According to scanning electron microscopy data, the particle size of the ZnHA powder prepared via precipitation followed by heat treatment at 900°C is 200–400 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to determine the Ca/P and (Ca + Zn)/P ratios in HA and ZnHA: 1.68 and 1.66, respectively. The solubility of ZnHA in physiological saline was found to be twice that of HA, suggesting good ZnHA resorption in the human body. Tests of disk-shaped samples in SBF solution demonstrated active formation of a new calcium phosphate layer as a result of chemisorption of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, \({\text{HPO}}_{4}^{{2 - }}\), \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}\), and OH^– ions from solution. ZnHA exhibits activity for both gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) microorganisms.

Синтезированы комплексы Cu(II) с моно-6-О-никотиноил-β-циклодекстрином и моно-6-S-меркаптоникотиноил-β-циклодекстрином. По данным ИК и ЭПР спектров сделаны выводы о возможных типах координации Cu(II) в полученных комплексных соединениях. Для 2-меркаптоникотиновой кислоты проведен расчет in silico возможных мишеней, параметров ADMET (всасывание, распределение, метаболизм, выведение, токсичность) и соответствие критериям биодоступности. Методом протеин-лигандного докинга спрогнозированы возможные белковые мишени. Проведен анализ антибактериальной активности in vitro по отношению к грамположительным (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus) и грамотрицательным (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus) микроорганизмам. Комплекс Cu(II) с моно-6-S-меркаптоникотиноил-β-циклодекстрином оказался в 2 раза эффективнее по к отношению Escherichia coli и Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, в 4 раза - по отношению к Bacillus cereus, и в 16 раз - по отношению к Staphylococcus aureus в сравнении с 2-меркаптоникотиновой кислотой. Функционализированное производное моно-6-S-меркаптоникотиноил-β-ЦД показало антибактериальную активность только по отношению к грамположительным штаммам.