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Wuhan is located in China's hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) zone, where the average temperature of the city from January to February 2020 is only 6.6 °C. This study aimed to explore and compare the air conditioner (AC) heating behavior of Wuhan residents before and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The date of commencement of the Wuhan lockdown (January 23, 2020) was considered the demarcation point to divide the AC monitoring data from the Internet of Things cloud platform into two groups; before and after Wuhan lockdown. Statistical methods were applied to analyze AC heating behavior of Wuhan residents from a total of 378 air conditioners during these two periods. The daily AC usage rate and average daily AC usage duration following the lockdown had a stronger correlation with daily outdoor temperature than that before the lockdown. AC heating behavior continued to demonstrate a part-time intermittent operation during the lockdown period, despite residents staying at home for a longer period. Trigger temperatures for occupants to turn on or adjust their AC during the lockdown period were overall 1–2 °C higher than before the lockdown. The AC heating demand in the HSCW zone has been increasing in recent years. These research results inform research on household energy demand and thermal comfort in China's HSCW zone, and provide a reference on the household behavioral changes in the occupants in the context of a lockdown as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic.
Lu Yan; Jinbo Li; Meng Liu; Mengqiang Hu; Zhenkun Xu; Kai Xue. Heating behavior using household air-conditioners during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan: An exploratory and comparative study. Building and Environment 2021, 195, 107731 -107731.
AMA StyleLu Yan, Jinbo Li, Meng Liu, Mengqiang Hu, Zhenkun Xu, Kai Xue. Heating behavior using household air-conditioners during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan: An exploratory and comparative study. Building and Environment. 2021; 195 ():107731-107731.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu Yan; Jinbo Li; Meng Liu; Mengqiang Hu; Zhenkun Xu; Kai Xue. 2021. "Heating behavior using household air-conditioners during the COVID-19 lockdown in Wuhan: An exploratory and comparative study." Building and Environment 195, no. : 107731-107731.
Sustainable construction is widely regarded as one of the best decisions to reduce the environmental impact of the buildings. Numerous scientific efforts have been devoted to promoting sustainability by adopting different techniques such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and building information modeling (BIM). The recent circular economy (CE) agenda is prioritizing in different sectors including construction due to increasing concern on the materials efficiency and resources consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the implications, considerations, contributions and challenges of BIM integrated LCA and the CE adoption in the industry by critically analyzing the recent literature. A scientometric analysis was applied to the selected studies to show the knowledge among BIM, LCA and CE relationships. With a comprehensive analysis of major challenges and opportunities of LCA and BIM for construction sustainability, key drivers for sustainable building design were identified and analyzed. A prospective integrated framework for CE adoption into BIM-based LCA of buildings and an evaluation method are proposed by analyzing the contemporary issues. It is believed that the analyzed critical issues, identified future research direction and proposed frameworks and this methodology should contribute to effective implementation of CE into the building for promoting sustainable construction.
Kai Xue; Uzzal Hossain; Meng Liu; Mingjun Ma; Yizhi Zhang; Mengqiang Hu; Xiaoyi Chen; Guangyu Cao. BIM Integrated LCA for Promoting Circular Economy towards Sustainable Construction: An Analytical Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1310 .
AMA StyleKai Xue, Uzzal Hossain, Meng Liu, Mingjun Ma, Yizhi Zhang, Mengqiang Hu, Xiaoyi Chen, Guangyu Cao. BIM Integrated LCA for Promoting Circular Economy towards Sustainable Construction: An Analytical Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1310.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Xue; Uzzal Hossain; Meng Liu; Mingjun Ma; Yizhi Zhang; Mengqiang Hu; Xiaoyi Chen; Guangyu Cao. 2021. "BIM Integrated LCA for Promoting Circular Economy towards Sustainable Construction: An Analytical Review." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1310.
Due to the requirements of indoor environment parameters, including temperature, humidity, air speed and indoor quality, the design of the surgical environment is a very complex task. However, with limited studies on the effective exhaust airflow in OR, the impact of exhaust airflow on the surgical environment is still unclear, especially when mixing ventilation with multiple supply and multiple exhaust. The objective of this study was to identify the effect of different exhaust airflow on the air quality in the surgical environment of a full-scaled OR laboratory with mixing ventilation. Experimental measurements were performed with three scenarios of ventilation solutions at two different air change rates. The air velocity, turbulence intensity, air temperature, and tracer gas concentration were measured to evaluate the indoor quality of the surgical environment. The results suggested that a better layout for the instrument table should be placed at 1.0–1.5 m from the wall. Furthermore, airflow from the inlet to the outlet should be guaranteed to cross the clean zone as much as possible, and no obstacles should be placed in the path of the airflow from the inlet to the outlet. The results also indicated that airflow with six exhausts were best, with a higher contaminant removal efficiency of about 38% than eight exhausts in 18 h-1 ACH, while for 20 h-1, a four-exhaust strategy was the best at approximately 35% higher than eight exhausts. The results of this study may contribute to more effective ventilation systems for OR.
Kai Xue; Guangyu Cao; Meng Liu; Yixian Zhang; Christoffer Pedersen; Hans Martin Mathisen; Liv-Inger Stenstad; Jan Gunnar Skogås. Experimental study on the effect of exhaust airflows on the surgical environment in an operating room with mixing ventilation. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101837 .
AMA StyleKai Xue, Guangyu Cao, Meng Liu, Yixian Zhang, Christoffer Pedersen, Hans Martin Mathisen, Liv-Inger Stenstad, Jan Gunnar Skogås. Experimental study on the effect of exhaust airflows on the surgical environment in an operating room with mixing ventilation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Xue; Guangyu Cao; Meng Liu; Yixian Zhang; Christoffer Pedersen; Hans Martin Mathisen; Liv-Inger Stenstad; Jan Gunnar Skogås. 2020. "Experimental study on the effect of exhaust airflows on the surgical environment in an operating room with mixing ventilation." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101837.
Rapid contaminant transport simulation is important in emergency scenarios, and Markov chain models have shown promise in this regard. The state transfer matrix (STM) is the core of the Markov chain model and determines the simulation accuracy and computing cost. However, existing methods to calculate the STM result in significant errors or large computing costs. Using set theory, the characteristic form of the STM was investigated according to the continuity equation for incompressible fluids. Based on this form, the calculation method of the STM when the initial contaminant is distributed uniformly was improved. The performances of the original and modified methods were compared via a case study. In addition, the influence of underlying airflow grid resolution on model performance was analyzed. Finally, sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the dominant factor. The results revealed that the STM should be constructed as an approximate doubly stochastic matrix; however, this is problematic due to the discrete underlying airflow and the associated interpolation. As an alternative, a left stochastic matrix is appropriate, with higher accuracy when the initial contaminant is uniformly distributed over a large area. Increasing the underlying airflow grid resolution can improve the model accuracy; however, a minimum grid resolution with a credible velocity field is sufficient, especially considering the computing cost. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Markov state size is the dominant factor for the accuracy and computing cost, and it should be carefully selected. This study can aid the development of a Markov chain model for airborne contaminant transport.
Mengqiang Hu; Lumeng Liu; Meng Liu. Calculation method of state transfer matrix in Markov chain model for airborne contaminant transport: Investigation and improvement. Building and Environment 2020, 185, 107295 .
AMA StyleMengqiang Hu, Lumeng Liu, Meng Liu. Calculation method of state transfer matrix in Markov chain model for airborne contaminant transport: Investigation and improvement. Building and Environment. 2020; 185 ():107295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengqiang Hu; Lumeng Liu; Meng Liu. 2020. "Calculation method of state transfer matrix in Markov chain model for airborne contaminant transport: Investigation and improvement." Building and Environment 185, no. : 107295.
The energy use prediction of residential buildings has an increasingly important role in urban energy management. This study proposed a prediction model for the cooling energy use of air conditioners in residential buildings. Large-scale monitoring data of the operation of 1325 air conditioners in Chongqing were collected from the networking cloud platform of an air conditioner manufacturer, including setting parameters by occupants, indoor environmental parameters, time parameters and energy use parameters. The historical monitoring data of previous week before the forecast day, the meteorological data of the forecast day and the apparatus parameters of AC were employed as the original data set in this study. Feature selection engineering, including correlation analysis, importance analysis and collinearity analysis, were performed in sequence to select the most correlated and important input features for energy use prediction. Afterwards, prediction models that use four ensemble learning methods and two single learning methods were developed and compared by evaluation metrics. The best model for prediction was proposed. The results show that eleven input features have a great relationship to the daily cooling energy use and were considered the inputs to the prediction model. The XGBoost model was chosen as the best model in this study. The proposed prediction model can help researchers understand which historical features are important for the future daily cooling energy use prediction of AC. This prediction model can provide some references for different groups to implement energy management for residential buildings.
Lu Yan; Meng Liu. A simplified prediction model for energy use of air conditioner in residential buildings based on monitoring data from the cloud platform. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 60, 102194 .
AMA StyleLu Yan, Meng Liu. A simplified prediction model for energy use of air conditioner in residential buildings based on monitoring data from the cloud platform. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 60 ():102194.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu Yan; Meng Liu. 2020. "A simplified prediction model for energy use of air conditioner in residential buildings based on monitoring data from the cloud platform." Sustainable Cities and Society 60, no. : 102194.
Unorganized ventilation significantly increases the energy consumption of subway stations. Many factors affect unorganized ventilation, and its variation is still not clear. This study established a validated network model using Subway Environment Simulation and developed two general scripts to investigate changes in the unorganized ventilation with varying train arrival characteristics, including the train arrival density and arrival time interval for two-side trains. Furthermore, the cooling load caused by the airflow was calculated. The results reveal that the train arrival density changes the superposition of the unorganized ventilation caused by the previous and next pairs of trains, and it also determines the location and state of the existing trains in the tunnel. That affects the unorganized ventilation in the station. The arrival time interval changes the “phase difference” of airflow generated by each side trains. The cooling load caused by unorganized ventilation is much larger than the current perception. Controlling the mechanical ventilation based on the unorganized ventilation rate and optimizing the arrival time interval can reduce the load markedly. Besides, low indoor temperature results in a significant increase in cooling load.
Mengqiang Hu; Meng Liu; Di You; Yizhi Zhang. Influence of train arrival characteristics on unorganized ventilation in underground subway station with platform screen doors. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2020, 198, 104089 .
AMA StyleMengqiang Hu, Meng Liu, Di You, Yizhi Zhang. Influence of train arrival characteristics on unorganized ventilation in underground subway station with platform screen doors. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 2020; 198 ():104089.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMengqiang Hu; Meng Liu; Di You; Yizhi Zhang. 2020. "Influence of train arrival characteristics on unorganized ventilation in underground subway station with platform screen doors." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 198, no. : 104089.
The set-point temperature of room air conditioners (RACs) is extremely critical for cooling energy consumption of residential buildings. However, current research on temperature-setting behavior is limited owing to the limitations of data acquisition. This study aims to identify the typical temperature-setting patterns for RACs and explore the association of temperature-setting behavior with other RAC operation characteristics. The data obtained from the big data cloud platform of an RAC manufacturer were analyzed in this study. These data consist of measured data from 966 bedroom RACs (BRACs) and 321 living room RACs (LRACs). First, the RAC operation characteristics, involving five aspects, namely, set-point temperature, set wind speed, indoor temperature, operation duration, and energy consumption, were extracted from the raw data by transforming, aggregating, and merging the bottom-level measured data. Subsequently, cluster analysis was performed to identify various and typical temperature-setting behavior patterns. Five typical temperature-setting patterns for BRACs and six typical patterns for LRACs were obtained. Afterwards, data mining methods of difference analysis and association analysis were employed to explore the differences and association, respectively, of different temperature-setting patterns with other operation characteristics of RACs (e.g., set wind speed, indoor air temperature, operation duration, and energy consumption). The results of this study can provide researchers with references of temperature-setting strategies in residential building energy simulation and quantify the energy impacts of diverse temperature-setting patterns in residential buildings.
Lu Yan; Meng Liu; Kai Xue; Ziwei Zhang. A study on temperature-setting behavior for room air conditioners based on big data. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 30, 101197 .
AMA StyleLu Yan, Meng Liu, Kai Xue, Ziwei Zhang. A study on temperature-setting behavior for room air conditioners based on big data. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 30 ():101197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu Yan; Meng Liu; Kai Xue; Ziwei Zhang. 2020. "A study on temperature-setting behavior for room air conditioners based on big data." Journal of Building Engineering 30, no. : 101197.
Various governments are planning their cities to be climate responsive by reducing the energy consumption and carbon emissions according to different scenarios whilst maintaining good indoor comfort conditions. A robust and reliable tool that can estimate the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of a city is required. This paper presents a new bottom-up engineering-based multi-layer approach able to analyse the energy performance of existing settlements of every size by retaining as much information as possible about their complexities. The process involves i) creating a 3D model of the urban area, ii) building up templates representing different building characteristics such as functions, the age-band of the buildings and operating schedules, iii) running dynamic thermal simulations and iv) displaying the EUI or total energy demand in the 3D model which can be post-processed for further analysis. This approach offers a flexible simulation process according to various purposes, which is particularly useful in decision-making for urban energy retrofitting or planning for new areas. The hourly high-resolution outcomes would benefit the detailed analysis of energy efficiency strategies in order to achieve carbon reduction. The application of this approach is demonstrated for the case of Yuzhong district in Chongqing municipality, China.
Vincenzo Costanzo; Runming Yao; Xinyi Li; Meng Liu; BaiZhan Li. A multi-layer approach for estimating the energy use intensity on an urban scale. Cities 2019, 95, 102467 .
AMA StyleVincenzo Costanzo, Runming Yao, Xinyi Li, Meng Liu, BaiZhan Li. A multi-layer approach for estimating the energy use intensity on an urban scale. Cities. 2019; 95 ():102467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVincenzo Costanzo; Runming Yao; Xinyi Li; Meng Liu; BaiZhan Li. 2019. "A multi-layer approach for estimating the energy use intensity on an urban scale." Cities 95, no. : 102467.
Building stock modeling can predict stock energy consumption and carbon emissions for both current and future conditions to inform building design and retrofitting policies. A 'bottom-up' engineering approach for building stock energy modeling is attractive to built environment energy researchers because of its capacity for detailed energy analysis. However, such studies in China have been very limited to date. The aim of this research is to develop a modeling approach to residential building stock energy consumption for space heating and cooling. A holistic four-step approach of archetype configurations; building performance simulation; stock floor area estimation and local weather adjustment is presented. The Chongqing municipality was chosen to demonstrate the approach. The results show that adopting the northern China standard pattern of central space heating for Chongqing's urban residential stock is not feasible because it dramatically increases primary energy consumption and therefore carbon dioxide emissions from space heating usage. By applying energy conservation retrofit measures to the Chongqing urban residential stock, the total energy consumption for space heating and cooling and resulting carbon dioxide emissions can be significantly reduced, with estimated reductions of 57.6%–60.7% in 2020 and 55.3%–57.2% in 2050. The method described can provide useful information and guidance for policymakers contemplating energy retrofit schemes.
Xinyi Li; Runming Yao; Wei Yu; Xiangzhong Meng; Meng Liu; Alan Short; BaiZhan Li. Low carbon heating and cooling of residential buildings in cities in the hot summer and cold winter zone - A bottom-up engineering stock modeling approach. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 220, 271 -288.
AMA StyleXinyi Li, Runming Yao, Wei Yu, Xiangzhong Meng, Meng Liu, Alan Short, BaiZhan Li. Low carbon heating and cooling of residential buildings in cities in the hot summer and cold winter zone - A bottom-up engineering stock modeling approach. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 220 ():271-288.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinyi Li; Runming Yao; Wei Yu; Xiangzhong Meng; Meng Liu; Alan Short; BaiZhan Li. 2019. "Low carbon heating and cooling of residential buildings in cities in the hot summer and cold winter zone - A bottom-up engineering stock modeling approach." Journal of Cleaner Production 220, no. : 271-288.
This paper proposes a quantity-quality-based optimization method of indoor thermal environment design that emphasizes entransy and exergy analysis. We scrutinized the different focuses of entransy and exergy in examining an energy-related phenomenon or process, and pointed out the need for integrating entransy and exergy for the optimization of indoor thermal environment design. The proposed method contributes to identifying the most energy-efficient solution for attaining the same level of indoor thermal comfort for end users by quantifying the entransy and exergy efficiency of active technologies. With this method, a benchmark technical solution was properly determined and benchmarks for entransy dissipation and exergy loss during the process of thermal environment design were quantified. Entransy dissipation and exergy loss under common technologies were compared with the benchmark values. The concepts of relative entransy savings and relative exergy savings were defined as the evaluation indexes of technical energy efficiency. Referencing winter indoor thermal environment design for residential buildings in hot-summer and cold- winter (HSCW) regions in China, the proposed method was applied to assess the energy efficiency of different heating methods, including an inverter air conditioner, an “air source heat pump + floor radiation,” a “wall-hanging gas heater + floor radiation,” a “wall-hanging gas heater + radiator,” and an oil-filled radiator. This paper recommended that the “air source heat pump + floor radiation” be used for residential buildings in winter in HSCW regions to improve energy efficiency. In addition, the optimization results of the proposed method were compared with that of traditional energy and exergy analysis methods. The results showed that the new method more accurately analyzed the energy flow in indoor thermal environment design, and therefore can serve as an improved way of thinking about follow-up studies on the optimization of heat pump units and the operation strategies of floor radiant heating systems.
Yueer He; Meng Liu; Thomas Kvan; Lu Yan. A quantity-quality-based optimization method for indoor thermal environment design. Energy 2019, 170, 1261 -1278.
AMA StyleYueer He, Meng Liu, Thomas Kvan, Lu Yan. A quantity-quality-based optimization method for indoor thermal environment design. Energy. 2019; 170 ():1261-1278.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYueer He; Meng Liu; Thomas Kvan; Lu Yan. 2019. "A quantity-quality-based optimization method for indoor thermal environment design." Energy 170, no. : 1261-1278.
This research investigates sustainable building design from a new perspective – green design in relation to green building rating systems. We examine the potential influence of Green Star (GS) in Australia on the design of a project and compare this with the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) in America and Assessment Standard for Green Buildings (ASGB) in China. The comparison is conducted using a typical case study of a GS Six Stars certified example, the Melbourne School of Design building. A critical review concludes that LEED and ASGB are design-guide schemes while GS is a performance-based rating system and this affects the project outcome. We note that LEED is oriented to energy efficiency while GS and ASGB holistically consider energy and indoor environment quality. GS, additionally, emphasizes project process management. Potential LEED and ASGB certification levels for the case are calculated; possible changes to the design are indicated to achieve the highest LEED and ASGB levels. The predicted results demonstrate the influence of different environmental concerns and assessment approaches of the three on the green design and the performance of buildings themselves. Based on this finding, the paper argues that a performance-based rating system (e.g. GS) is more beneficial to the practice of designing green, compared with other measure-based systems.
Yueer He; Thomas Kvan; Meng Liu; BaiZhan Li. How green building rating systems affect designing green. Building and Environment 2018, 133, 19 -31.
AMA StyleYueer He, Thomas Kvan, Meng Liu, BaiZhan Li. How green building rating systems affect designing green. Building and Environment. 2018; 133 ():19-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYueer He; Thomas Kvan; Meng Liu; BaiZhan Li. 2018. "How green building rating systems affect designing green." Building and Environment 133, no. : 19-31.
Built-up areas tend to comprise a variety of buildings with diverse and complex shapes, functions and construction characteristics. This variety is the source of significant challenges when calculating building energy use at the building stock level. Moreover, the process of developing stock models usually requires large amounts of data that are frequently scarce, nonexistent or at least not publicly available. Under these circumstances, defining a limited set of reference buildings representing the stock is useful to study the actual energy consumption and the potential effects of different energy conservation measures. This paper presents a new method for developing typical residential reference buildings at district level for bottom-up energy modeling purposes. By means of widely and freely available satellite images, an information database of building shapes is created and a clustering analysis of the geometrical features is performed to define a number of archetypes representative of the heating and cooling energy demand of the district. The method is tested and demonstrated through the case study of the Yuzhong District in Chongqing (China) by comparing the Energy Use Intensity (EUI) of the archetypes derived in this way against detailed dynamic simulations. Results show very small differences in the estimated stock energy consumption (+0.03% in heating energy consumption and +2.97% in cooling energy consumption).
Xinyi Li; Runming Yao; Meng Liu; Vincenzo Costanzo; Wei Yu; Wenbo Wang; Alan Short; BaiZhan Li. Developing urban residential reference buildings using clustering analysis of satellite images. Energy and Buildings 2018, 169, 417 -429.
AMA StyleXinyi Li, Runming Yao, Meng Liu, Vincenzo Costanzo, Wei Yu, Wenbo Wang, Alan Short, BaiZhan Li. Developing urban residential reference buildings using clustering analysis of satellite images. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 169 ():417-429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinyi Li; Runming Yao; Meng Liu; Vincenzo Costanzo; Wei Yu; Wenbo Wang; Alan Short; BaiZhan Li. 2018. "Developing urban residential reference buildings using clustering analysis of satellite images." Energy and Buildings 169, no. : 417-429.
Yueer He; Meng Liu; Thomas Kvan; Shini Peng. An enthalpy-based energy savings estimation method targeting thermal comfort level in naturally ventilated buildings in hot-humid summer zones. Applied Energy 2017, 187, 717 -731.
AMA StyleYueer He, Meng Liu, Thomas Kvan, Shini Peng. An enthalpy-based energy savings estimation method targeting thermal comfort level in naturally ventilated buildings in hot-humid summer zones. Applied Energy. 2017; 187 ():717-731.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYueer He; Meng Liu; Thomas Kvan; Shini Peng. 2017. "An enthalpy-based energy savings estimation method targeting thermal comfort level in naturally ventilated buildings in hot-humid summer zones." Applied Energy 187, no. : 717-731.
Meng Liu; Yiqun Zhong; Jingyue Tan. Impact of Urban Planning Indicator on Spatial Distribution of Residential Heating and Cooling Energy Demand. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 959 -966.
AMA StyleMeng Liu, Yiqun Zhong, Jingyue Tan. Impact of Urban Planning Indicator on Spatial Distribution of Residential Heating and Cooling Energy Demand. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():959-966.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng Liu; Yiqun Zhong; Jingyue Tan. 2017. "Impact of Urban Planning Indicator on Spatial Distribution of Residential Heating and Cooling Energy Demand." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 959-966.
Xi Chen; Meng Liu. Simulation and On-site Measurement of Heating Performance in Air-conditioned University Dormitories, a Case Study in Chongqing. Procedia Engineering 2017, 205, 2569 -2576.
AMA StyleXi Chen, Meng Liu. Simulation and On-site Measurement of Heating Performance in Air-conditioned University Dormitories, a Case Study in Chongqing. Procedia Engineering. 2017; 205 ():2569-2576.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXi Chen; Meng Liu. 2017. "Simulation and On-site Measurement of Heating Performance in Air-conditioned University Dormitories, a Case Study in Chongqing." Procedia Engineering 205, no. : 2569-2576.
This study adopts a bottom-up typical method to establish the microscopic model to simulate the urban residential building energy consumption. The model is composed of a three-hierarchy structure: a) the classification according to the climate; b) according to the energy use; c) according to the energy intensity. Based on the model, energy consumption of urban residential building in Chongqing is calculated as an example. The calculation results of the model and the actual energy consumption are compared and validated. The residential building energy consumption model can be used to analyze the energy consumption in the past years using the existing data, as well as the development trend of the related factors so that the appropriate energy saving measures can be selected properly.
Qiaoxia Yang; Meng Liu; Chunyu Huang; Yunran Min; Yiqun Zhong. A Model for Residential Building Energy Consumption Characteristics and Energy Demand: A Case in Chongqing. Procedia Engineering 2015, 121, 1772 -1779.
AMA StyleQiaoxia Yang, Meng Liu, Chunyu Huang, Yunran Min, Yiqun Zhong. A Model for Residential Building Energy Consumption Characteristics and Energy Demand: A Case in Chongqing. Procedia Engineering. 2015; 121 ():1772-1779.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiaoxia Yang; Meng Liu; Chunyu Huang; Yunran Min; Yiqun Zhong. 2015. "A Model for Residential Building Energy Consumption Characteristics and Energy Demand: A Case in Chongqing." Procedia Engineering 121, no. : 1772-1779.
Healthcare waste management has become a major issue of concern for solid waste managers due the treatment of healthcare waste being generated and the potential environmental risks and public health risks to those who come in contact with it. Special attention must be paid when dealing with healthcare waste because of infectious and non-infectious waste as well as general waste it contains. If managed through inappropriate healthcare waste management systems, it can adversely affect the environment and public health. In Botswana, the Waste Management Act was introduced in 1998 not only for healthcare waste handling, but also to promote sustainable treatment and disposal; the document currently applies to the management of all the healthcare waste, including liquid and chemical waste. The paper presents an overview of the current healthcare waste management in Botswana. A mixed methods study incorporating an exploratory survey was used. A range of data gathering techniques including observations, informal dialogues, published and grey literature and semi-structured interviews of selected participants and operatives dealing with waste were used to identify key policies, composition, storage, treatment, disposal, challenges and best practices. Specifically, sorting and storage, collection, treatment and disposal systems and the recent regulation of healthcare waste were discussed. Current storage facilities and collection services in the healthcare facilities (HCFs) were not operating effectively and efficiently. The composition was almost the same in the HCFs, with mean values in the following decreasing order: general waste (48.84) >medical waste (39.39 %) >sharps (13.13 %). Therefore, more attention should be paid on segregation of infectious and non-infectious from general waste, pollution prevention and recovery of valuable materials from HCFs. Several suggestions were made to deal with healthcare waste management problems efficiently and to prevent the potential impacts. These included development of a legislation to allow for a more defined roles and responsibilities for healthcare personnel responsible for the handling and disposal of the waste streams at the point of generation in the HCFs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate a more sustainable healthcare waste management system.
Daniel Mmereki; Andrew Baldwin; BaiZhan Li; Meng Liu. Healthcare waste management in Botswana: storage, collection, treatment and disposal system. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 2015, 19, 351 -365.
AMA StyleDaniel Mmereki, Andrew Baldwin, BaiZhan Li, Meng Liu. Healthcare waste management in Botswana: storage, collection, treatment and disposal system. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 2015; 19 (1):351-365.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniel Mmereki; Andrew Baldwin; BaiZhan Li; Meng Liu. 2015. "Healthcare waste management in Botswana: storage, collection, treatment and disposal system." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 19, no. 1: 351-365.
In order to assess the optimal window-wall ratio and the proper glazing type in different air conditioning system operation modes of residential buildings for each orientation in three typical cities in hot summer and cold winter zone: Chongqing, Shanghai, and Wuhan simulation models were built and analyzed using Designer’s Simulation Toolkit (DeST). The study analyzed the variation of annual heating energy demand, annual cooling energy demand, and the annual total energy consumption in different conditions, including different orientations, patterns of utilization of air conditioning system, window-wall ratio, and types of windows. The results show that the total energy consumption increased when the window-wall ratio is also increased. It appears more obvious when the window orientation is east or west. Furthermore, in terms of energy efficiency, low-emissivity (Low-E) glass performs better than hollow glass. From this study, it can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the operation mode of air conditioning system, the orientation of outside window, and the glazing types of window. The influence of the factors can be regarded as reference mode for the window-wall ratio when designing residential buildings.
Qiaoxia Yang; Meng Liu; Chang Shu; Daniel Mmereki; Uzzal Hossain; Xiang Zhan. Impact Analysis of Window-Wall Ratio on Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China. Journal of Engineering 2015, 2015, 1 -17.
AMA StyleQiaoxia Yang, Meng Liu, Chang Shu, Daniel Mmereki, Uzzal Hossain, Xiang Zhan. Impact Analysis of Window-Wall Ratio on Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China. Journal of Engineering. 2015; 2015 ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiaoxia Yang; Meng Liu; Chang Shu; Daniel Mmereki; Uzzal Hossain; Xiang Zhan. 2015. "Impact Analysis of Window-Wall Ratio on Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Zone in China." Journal of Engineering 2015, no. : 1-17.
Shazia Farzana; Meng Liu; Andrew Baldwin; Uzzal Hossain. Multi-model prediction and simulation of residential building energy in urban areas of Chongqing, South West China. Energy and Buildings 2014, 81, 161 -169.
AMA StyleShazia Farzana, Meng Liu, Andrew Baldwin, Uzzal Hossain. Multi-model prediction and simulation of residential building energy in urban areas of Chongqing, South West China. Energy and Buildings. 2014; 81 ():161-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShazia Farzana; Meng Liu; Andrew Baldwin; Uzzal Hossain. 2014. "Multi-model prediction and simulation of residential building energy in urban areas of Chongqing, South West China." Energy and Buildings 81, no. : 161-169.
This paper aims to probe into the feasibility and applying strategy of the energy-efficiency optimization of college dormitory lighting system in Chongqing. It takes a college dormitory located in chongqing as an instance, through questionnaire and field investigation, the conclusion indicated that the indoor illumination during the daytime cannot meet the relevant national standards. And over 80 percent of the students are unsatisfied with the indoor lighting. The research on the optimization program of Photoconductive lighting system and energy efficiency lamp system demonstrate these two programs can save 5.7 tons of standard coal per year and 1.67 respectively. Then model the photoconductive lighting system. Finally it takes the Photoconductive lighting system and energy efficiency lighting systems promoted and compared in college dormitory of Chongqing to draw a conclusion that the annual savings of the system are approximately 21.8-22.4 million kwh electricity which equals to 8.72-8.94 one thousand tons of standard coal. This quantity is equivalent to a half of the electricity consumption of Chongqing Dadukou 2012 January-April.
Meng Liu; Zi Qiao Li; Li Yang Ruan; Run Mu Yang; Jun Ya Wu. Analysis on Light Environment and Efficient Creation in College Student Dormitory of Chongqing. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2014, 587-589, 276 -282.
AMA StyleMeng Liu, Zi Qiao Li, Li Yang Ruan, Run Mu Yang, Jun Ya Wu. Analysis on Light Environment and Efficient Creation in College Student Dormitory of Chongqing. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014; 587-589 ():276-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng Liu; Zi Qiao Li; Li Yang Ruan; Run Mu Yang; Jun Ya Wu. 2014. "Analysis on Light Environment and Efficient Creation in College Student Dormitory of Chongqing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589, no. : 276-282.