Whether age and sex influence the depth of sedation and the pharmacokinetics of midazolam is currently unknown. The influence of age and sex was investigated in 117 children (2 to 17 years) who required intravenous sedation for minor surgery (0.05 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations and sedation effects were simultaneously measured. The measured concentrations were analyzed using a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Among the age ranges, significant differences were found (p < 0.05) between the volume of distribution (Vd) of the first compartment (V1) and that of the second (V2). With respect to sex, differences in V2 were found between age groups. At the administered dose, in patients younger than 6 years, a profound sedative effect (40–60 BIS) was observed for up to 120 min, while in older children, the effect lasted only half as long. The differences found in the Vd and bispectral index (BIS) in patients younger than 6 years compared to older patients may be due to immature CYP3A activity and body fat content; furthermore, the Vd varies with age due to changes in body composition and protein binding. Patients younger than 6 years require intravenous (IV) doses <0.05 mg/kg of midazolam for deep sedation. Dosage adjustments according to age group are suggested.

Midazolam (MDZ) is a short-acting benzodiazepine that is widely used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pediatric patients due to its sedative properties. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review without a meta-analysis to identify scientific articles and clinical assays concerning MDZ-induced sedation for a pediatric surgery approach. One hundred and twenty-eight results were obtained. After critical reading, 37 articles were eliminated, yielding 91 publications. Additional items were identified, and the final review was performed with a total of 106 publications.

The use of polymer microspheres is becoming increasingly widespread. Along with their most common applications, they are beginning to be used in the synthesis of photonic crystals, microstructure analysis and multiplexed diagnostics for disease control purposes. This paper presents a simple mathematical model that allows us to study the transport mechanisms involved in the deformation of an elastic microchannel under the flow stream of a power-law fluid. In particular, we analyze the momentum transfer to a non-Newtonian fluid (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) due to the deformation of the elastic ceiling of a rectangular microchannel. Hooke’s law is used to represent the stress–deformation relationship of the PDMS channel ceiling. Stop-flow lithography is modeled, and the pressure exerted by the deformed PDMS ceiling on the fluid when the microchannel returns to its original form is taken into account. It is found that the response time of the elastic ceiling deformation increases with the channel width and length and decreases with the channel height independently of the power-law exponent of the injected fluid. However, an increase in the power-law exponent beyond unity causes an increase in the wall-deformation response time and the maximum deformation of the channel height compared to a Newtonian fluid.

Polymersomes are synthetic vesicles that imitate biological membrane functions. The purpose of this work is to develop an artificial copolymer (acrylic acid/butyl acrylate) PAA-PBA membrane by random synthesis. A factorial design 2^k was applied to determine the conditions for this reaction. The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer indicated that the polymerization reaction was complete without a –C=C-absorption peak. The Gordon-Taylor equation showed that the hydrophilic part of the PAA-PBA composition is 20–40% and the hydrophobic part 60–80%. The authors selected the copolymers with low molecular weight, within the range of 3134.49 ± 994.21 g/mol and a polydispersity of 1.40.

Natural products have been resurgent in recent years, intending to palliate oral ailments. For this reason, Tea Tree Oil (TTO) is proposed as the active ingredient of a gel for dental use, which can be used for periodontal disease. In this research, we compared TTO’s efficacy in contrast with chlorhexidine, against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) and Parviromonas micra (P. micra). Dental plaque biofilm samples were collected from 30 subjects diagnosed with periodontal disease. Samples were subsequently cultivated, isolated, and verified. Then, the Kirby-Bauer method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity (n=360). The statistical test results indicated no statistically significant differences from chlorhexidine (CHX) for three bacteria: P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and P. micra. In contrast, for P. gingivalis, there is a significant difference (p<0.001). However, this difference could be reduced if the concentration of the TTO used in this formulation is increased so that both treatments could have similar antibacterial action. Based on the results obtained in this research, TTO could be considered a therapeutic alternative in treating periodontal disease because it presents antimicrobial activity against periodontopathogenic bacteria and could be used for long periods. Nevertheless, it is necessary to complete clinical studies to evaluate its efficacy and possible adverse events.

Introducción: Esta es una investigación interinstitucional en la cual participó la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. La enfermedad periodontal, representa uno de los principales padecimientos crónicos que afectan la salud bucal y general de la población. A pesar de los avances en prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento, mantiene una alta prevalencia mundial; en México afecta aproximadamente al 70% de la población. Su desarrollo se asocia con factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables. Objetivo: Analizar la relación de los factores de riesgo modificables y no modificables en la severidad de la enfermedad periodontal de los pacientes que asisten a la Clínica de Recepción y Diagnóstico (CRED DEPeI de la UNAM). Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación longitudinal de agosto de 2024 a julio de 2025, en pacientes de 30 a 60 años, de ambos géneros, con o sin enfermedad periodontal. La información se obtuvo mediante historias clínicas y registros en una plataforma digital, generando una base de datos para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: Se evaluaron 237 pacientes: 59.9% mujeres y 40.1% hombres, con una edad promedio de 48 años. Entre los factores modificables, se observó mala higiene bucal en el 55.7% y regular en 44.3%. Las toxicomanías incluyeron tabaquismo (22.4%), alcoholismo (15.6%) y consumo de drogas (1.7%). Los tratamientos farmacológicos más frecuentes fueron hipoglicemiantes y antihipertensivos (11.8%). Entre los factores no modificables, las enfermedades sistémicas más comunes fueron hipertensión arterial (14.3%) y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (8.02%), seguidas de hipertiroidismo (3.8%), depresión (4.22%), artritis reumatoide y osteoporosis (1.3%). Aunque el análisis estadístico mostró valores de OR>1 en varios factores, no se alcanzó significancia (p>0.05). Conclusiones: Entre los factores modificables, la higiene oral deficiente, tabaquismo y alcoholismo fueron las más frecuentes; en tratamientos farmacológicos más frecuentes, antihipertensivos e hipoglucemiantes. En los factores no modificables la hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 mostraron mayor frecuencia, estos hallazgos coinciden con la literatura y refuerzan la necesidad de un abordaje preventivo y multidisciplinario.