The correction of rotated malpositioned tooth/teeth into the dental arch alignment in the mixed-dentition is often a challenging task for paediatric dentists. Failure in addressing this issue can bring about detrimental effect to the developing dentition and increases the probability of a complex orthodontic treatment in later years. Factors such as severity of the malpositioned teeth, patient’s treatment compliance, limitation in specific functions of the selected appliance, availability of bone and space may dictate the success of the treatment. The combined use of a simple sectional orthodontic wire appliance and a orthodontic appliance has been shown to produce a positive effect. The appliances resulted in derotation of the rotated malpositioned teeth and bringing them into arch alignment in two cases. This treatment option had eliminated the detrimental effects to the developing dentition and helped patients to enhance their smile and dental aesthetics.

Background: This in-vitro study aimed to assess and compare the efficacy of a newly developed whitening dentifrice, Dentaklin White (TG), to Colgate Total^® Whitening (CG), utilising a toothbrushing simulator machine. Methods: Twenty enamel specimens were prepared and randomly divided into CG and TG. Orthodontic brackets were attached to the enamel specimens and were then stained with a mixture of coffee, tea, and chlorhexidine. A short 0.019x0.025” stainless steel (SS) archwire was ligated onto the brackets subsequently. All the specimens were subjected to a toothbrushing simulator for specific duration. The CIE L*a*b* colour change (ΔE) was evaluated using digital image analysis at T1 (2 weeks), T2 (4 weeks), and T3 (12 weeks) compared to T0 (baseline). Archwire roughness was analysed using a profilometer at T4 (2 years) compared to T0. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant change in tooth colour associated with brushing duration for both CG and TG (p0.05). Both dentifrices notably removed more stains at Site A (p<0.05) and increased wire surface roughness (p<0.05) without a statistically difference between them (p>0.05). Conclusion: Dentaklin White (TG) demonstrated comparable efficacy to Colgate Total^® Whitening (CG).

Background/Objectives: Geometric morphometric analysis (GMA) is a statistical method that captures and quantifies shape variation. This study aimed to assess hard and soft tissue shape variations and changes following orthodontic treatment in Class III skeletal malocclusion using GMA. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 84 lateral cephalometric radiographs (pre-treatment and near-end treatment) of Class III patients aged 16–40 years (ANB < 2°). Thirty-five landmarks were digitized in Cartesian coordinates using MorphoJ software for shape analysis. Results: The sample included 62% females and 38% males, with a mean age of 24.7 ± 5.2 years. Vertical dimension variations (hypodivergent to hyperdivergent) contributed most to shape changes PC1 (23.35%), followed by anteroposterior variations PC2 (13.51%). Gender significantly influenced hard and soft tissue variation with 30.91%SS (F = 56.99, p < 0.0001). Males had significantly larger and longer ramus, body of the mandible, alveolar height, LAFH, TAFH and upper lip length. (PD: 0.026, p < 0.05). Significant shape changes were seen in the mandible (PD = 0.018, p < 0.05). SNB increased by 0.41° (from 81.73° ± 3.67°), and ANB improved by 0.46° but remained Class III (−0.33° ± 1.82°). Lower anterior facial height increased by 1.78 mm (p < 0.05). The lower incisors retroclined significantly (from 92° ± 8.56° to 87° ± 6.96°, p < 0.05), while the interincisal angle increased by 5.9°. Upper incisors remained procline (118° ± 11°, p > 0.05). Upper lip length increased by 0.4 mm (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Vertical and anteroposterior shape variations are notable within Class III malocclusion. Post-treatment changes in both hard and soft tissues indicate that orthodontic camouflage can enhance facial esthetics and skeletal balance. GMA provides objective quantification and visualization of these treatment-related craniofacial changes.

Background: Orthodontic retainers constrict the oral cavity's dimension and restrict tongue movement during articulation, resulting in distortions of various sounds. Speech impairment is among the main reason for poor patient compliance in wearing the retainers which leads to treatment relapse. Objectives: To determine and describe the changes of the distorted sounds in patients wearing upper and lower Hawley retainer. Materials and methods: Sixteen orthodontic patients who were at the end of fixed appliance phase were included as subjects in this study. They were all speakers of native Malay, aged between 15 to 31 years old. The sound sample of selected phonemes with /t/, /d/, /k/ and /n/ consonant were recorded from the subjects before wearing (T 0), immediately after wearing retainers (T 1), and at 1 week (T 2), 2 weeks (T 3), 1 month (T 4), 2 months (T 5) and 3 months (T 6) of wearing the retainers. Based on the recordings, acoustic analysis was performed objectively on each subject to determine the duration value of selected phonemes at each interval. Results: All phonemes tested showed significant speech distortion (p<0.008) immediately after wearing the retainers. After one week, /k/ sound showed marked improvement in all subjects. Significant distortion of /n/ sound was recorded (p0.008). Conclusion: A marked distortion of /t/, /d/, /k/ and /n/ consonant sounds were observed in patients during the initial wearing of Hawley retainer. Patient needs to be well informed of the changes and encouraged for constant wearing. With good cooperation, speech will be adapted to normal pattern within 3 months.

Background: Skeletal Class III malocclusion remains a significant orthodontic challenge because of its multifactorial aetiology, strong genetic influence, and the unpredictability of mandibular growth. Although early protraction facemask therapy is widely advocated for maxillary deficiency, the optimal timing of intervention and long‐term stability remain controversial. This report describes successful management of a growing patient with borderline skeletal Class III malocclusion using a non‐expansion facemask protocol initiated beyond the conventionally recommended early treatment age. Case Presentation: A 10.5‐year‐old female presented with anterior crossbite, mild skeletal Class III malocclusion, maxillary retrusion and an anterolateral functional mandibular shift, with a positive family history of mandibular prognathism. Orthopaedic treatment was initiated at cervical vertebral maturation stage CS2 using a non‐expansion protraction facemask protocol, followed by comprehensive non‐extraction fixed appliance therapy. Intervention and Outcomes: Serial clinical and cephalometric evaluations demonstrated forward displacement of the maxilla, improvement in sagittal skeletal relationship, favourable dentoalveolar compensation, elimination of functional mandibular shift and improvement in facial profile and smile aesthetics. At treatment completion, stable Class I canine and molar relationships, positive overjet and overbite, improved facial symmetry and balanced facial proportions were achieved. Conclusion: This case highlights that biologically timed protraction facemask therapy, even when initiated beyond the conventional early age, combined with careful case selection and comprehensive fixed appliance treatment, may achieve favourable functional and aesthetic outcomes in selected growing patients with borderline skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Objective: This study evaluated the efficacy of different manual toothbrush designs in removing extrinsic stains around orthodontic brackets using surface‐specific and time‐dependent assessments. Methods: Fifty extracted premolars bonded with brackets and archwires were stained and randomly allocated to five toothbrush groups: conventional (CTB), U‐shaped (UTB), middle‐groove (MTB), V‐shaped (VTB) and triple‐headed (THB) ( n = 10/group). Simulated toothbrushing was performed for up to 10,000 cycles. Colour change (Δ E ) was quantified using digital image analysis at four time points. Overall and surface‐specific (mesiodistal, gingivo‐occlusal) Δ E values were analysed using generalised estimating equations with Bonferroni correction. Results: Stain removal increased significantly over time across all groups ( p < 0.001), although perceptible improvement was not consistently observed at early time points. THB demonstrated significantly higher overall Δ E values than other designs ( p < 0.001), with differences becoming more pronounced from T2 onwards. Gingivo‐occlusal surfaces showed greater stain removal than mesiodistal surfaces in four toothbrush groups ( p < 0.05), whereas no surface difference was observed for THB. Differences between toothbrush designs were confined to mesiodistal surfaces, where THB achieved higher Δ E values than all other groups from T2 to T4 ( p < 0.05); whereas no differences were detected at gingivo‐occlusal surfaces. Conclusion: Stain removal around orthodontic brackets is influenced by surface accessibility and brushing duration. Toothbrush design influenced stain removal most clearly under restricted‐access conditions and after sufficient brushing time, with no significant differences observed at gingivo‐occlusal surfaces. Triple‐headed toothbrushes may offer an advantage in stain removal at anatomically restricted regions adjacent to brackets.