The evaluation of tourism climate comfort is a systematic assessment of the climate conditions of tourist destinations. It is of great significance for improving the tourism experience, promoting the sustainable development of the tourism industry, and protecting the natural environment. In this study, the CiteSpace software was used to conduct a bibliometrics analysis of the study on tourism climate comfort in China, and the conceptual framework of this study was established based on the bibliometrics results. In the conceptual framework, this study firstly summarized eight indicators widely used in the current evaluation of tourism climate comfort. Secondly, four key technical means in the evaluation process were summarized, including geographic information system, analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and cluster analysis. And three calculation methods of tourism climate comfort period were summarized, namely number of days with comfortable climate, five-day moving average method, and probability of climate-suitable days. Subsequently, the main application areas of tourism climate comfort evaluation were introduced: (1) exploration of the relationship between climate comfort and tourism activities (i.e., heat/cold-escape tourism, ice-snow tourism, outdoor rafting, coastal tourism, and other types of tourism activities); (2) exploration of the relationship between climate comfort and tourist flow; (3) the response of climate comfort to climate change; and (4) tourism climate regionalization. Finally, the main problems of current research and future development directions were proposed.

Long-term dynamics of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in trees are rarely reported, despite environmental factors (such as climate change) influencing their growth and the subsequent chemical accumulation. For this, tree growth rings provide a promising biological proxy for the long-time variation and correlation with environmental changes. Therefore, tree rings from Pinus tabuliformis (two stem disks and 40 tree cores) were collected in the Taihang Mountain Macaque National Nature Reserve of China. These samples were divided into seven 5-year resolutions over the 34-year period 1985 to 2018. This enabled analysis of multi-decadal variations of compounds and their correlation with climate variability. A total of 292 BVOCs were detected; however, only 18 compounds were found together across all the 7 growth-periods. Temporal analyses showed decreasing trends for monoterpenes (0.026%/yr) and diterpenes (0.120%/yr), whereas alcohols and oxygenated monoterpenes showed increasing trends at 0.031%/yr and 0.042%/yr, respectively. Correlation analyses showed no obvious link to yearly precipitation, while seasonal temperature had a negative effect on monoterpenes and diterpenes but positive effects on alcohols and oxygenated monoterpenes (all P < 0.05). The present study showed that dendrochronology is a suitable method for re-establishing the biological effects from historical climate variability on key tree species.

Understanding trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services (ESs) along environmental gradients is crucial for sustainable oasis management. This study investigated four key ESs—carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), water yield (WY), and soil conservation (SC)—in three typical oases along water–heat gradients in arid northwestern China. The InVEST model was used to quantify ESs in 1990, 2005, and 2022, and Pearson correlation, geographically weighted regression, K-means clustering, and random forest models were applied to analyze service relationships, ecosystem service bundles (ESBs), and driving factors. The results showed that CS and HQ maintained strong synergies, while the WY–SC relationship shifted from weak trade-offs under drier conditions to stronger synergies under more favorable water–heat conditions. Geographically weighted regression revealed spatial heterogeneity and directional asymmetry in ES relationships. Four ESB types were identified: ecologically fragile zones, ecological transition or buffer zones, agricultural production zones, and core ecological source zones. Driving-factor analysis indicated that vegetation-related services were mainly associated with land-cover structure and vegetation growth, whereas hydrological and erosion-related services were more closely linked to precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, temperature, and topography. These findings support differentiated oasis management through ecological restoration, development regulation, water-saving agriculture, and strict ecological protection.