The inflow of saline water reduces water quality and limits its use as drinking water. The risk of seawater intrusion into groundwater along the Polish coastline was assessed using two methods. The vulnerability method (GALDIT) considered six aquifer parameters. The second method focused exclusively on the chemical parameters of groundwater: EC, seawater mixing index (SMI), rHCO₃/rCl, rNa/rCl, and the concentrations of Cl⁻ and Br. The analysis focused on monitoring results collected from points located within 5 km of the Baltic Sea coastline. Both risk assessment methods used a division into three risk classes (low, moderate, and high), but the results differed between the two approaches. A comparison of the results from both classification methods was conducted, followed by a comprehensive risk assessment integrating the outcomes of both approaches. No straightforward relationship was observed between individual threat assessment parameters and distance from the sea. However, when the overall assessment, incorporating multiple parameters, was considered, such a relationship emerged. The classes of seawater intrusion risk differ in terms of the medians and ranges of individual parameters. Ratios such as rHCO₃/rCl, rCa/rMg, and Cl/Br play a significant role in risk assessment, whereas the rNa/rCl ratio has a relatively smaller impact. Seawater intrusion risk should be assessed based on multiple parameters. The highest risk of seawater intrusion occurs within approximately 800 m of the coastline.

The scientific goal of the paper is the physical characteristics of pore space of the Inocereamian Sandstones located in the Skole Unit as a part of the Outer Carpathians – The Carpathian Flysch. Rock samples were tested using mercury porosimeter. Using this method, cumulative curves of effective porosity were obtained, as well as the pore geometry distribution and pore surface area distribution. geometry and distribution. In the article the authors determine the physical parameters of the pore space for 30 samples, such as porosity, permeability, size and distribution of pore diameter, specific surface area and geometry of a pore space. Preliminary analysis of rock samples is to answer the question of the existence of sandstones capable of forming "tight" type deposits of natural gas and determining their reservoir parameters.

This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of rock formations using seismic velocity profiling and electrical resistivity methods to identify structural anomalies such as voids, fractures, and geological composition changes. Conducted in four test wells in southern Poland, the analysis emphasizes the practical applications of these geophysical techniques in engineering, mining, and environmental protection. Seismic velocity profiling measured wave propagation, while electrical resistivity assessed rock resistance variability, aiding subsurface zoning. The methodology involved designing depth cuts for resistivity based on seismic profiling results, identifying weak materials, and establishing critical geomechanical boundaries. Results indicated varied seismic velocities and resistivity distributions with depth, revealing potential geological disturbances. Measurements were conducted radially around wells, highlighting resistivity anomalies that signify risks related to subsurface void migration and changes in geomechanical properties. The analysis confirmed a general trend of increasing seismic velocity with depth, with significant deviations suggesting differences in rock quality. Resistivity measurements identified anomalous zones, indicating potential voids or changes in rock composition. These findings are crucial for planning safe earthworks, soil stabilization, and environmental monitoring, particularly in subsidence-prone areas. Future research may enhance anomaly detection and monitor changes in rock mass properties over time. Combining seismic velocity profiling and resistivity measurements proves effective in identifying subsurface structures, which is vital for risk mitigation in engineering and environmental projects.

The oldest oil basin in the world is located in the Polish Carpathians. Former mines, often abandoned, have become technical monuments. The growing popularity of industrial tourism in the world and in Poland attracts more and more tourists who want to "find oil" on their own. In most cases, these are abandoned crude oil and natural gas mines, being in such places is associated with the risk of poisoning, ignition or explosion of escaping gases from unprotected crude oil mines or borehole outlets. The article also points to the heritage of oil mining in the Polish Carpathians and related cultural routes. The author focuses on the issue related to the occurrence of the hazard zone of hydrogen sulphide poisoning or methane explosion in the sites of old oil mines. It presents the possibility of using the mobile multi-gas detector Dräger X-am 8000 as a personal device for monitoring the concentration of gases and vapours considered toxic and / or explosive, such as Methane or Hydrogen Sulfide. It also proposes the use of the Dräger X-am 8000 multi-gas detector, which in combination with the Dräger X-site Live real-time area monitoring module can serve as a mobile system for short- or long-term monitoring of the above-mentioned zones.