This paper presents a digital twin in the agriculture domain by leveraging the technologies developed by Sensing Change and the Smart Water Management Platform projects. The Sensing Change project developed a soil probe whereas the SWAMP project is currently developing an Internet of Things platform for water management in farms. This paper leverages the technologies developed by those projects by building an initial digital environment to create a cyber-physical-system (CPS) so farmers can better understand the state of their farms regarding the use of resources and equipment. We conclude that our system can gather data from the soil probe and display its information in a dashboard which enables for further deployment of more soil probes and other monitoring and controlling devices to create a fully operating digital twin.

Goal: The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of inserting a collaborative robot in a production line of a factory of the automotive sector. Design / Methodology / Approach: Two simulation environments were developed. The first one models the original operation without the collaborative robot. The second one evaluates the impact of inserting the robot. This work is quantitative. Results: The paper presents the use of digital manufacturing tools in a simulation of a collaborative operation between a human and a collaborative robot. The simulations with and without the collaborative robot were performed, and they make it possible to emphasize the benefits of the collaborative operation in a real production line. Limitations of the investigation: The first simulation scenario was validated from the real data provided by the factory. However, the second scenario is a suggestion, emphasizing the benefits of collaborative operation. Implementation of the second scenario was not conducted. Practical implications: Since its completion depended on support from the automotive sector, this work is noticeably practical. The real data used in the first scenario as well as the assumptions made in the second scenario allow one to conclude that it is possible to implement the propositions with the collaborative robot in the chosen line. Originality / Value: The use of the collaborative robot in Brazil was forbidden by regulation until recently. Even in other countries decision makers still find have difficulty deciding for this new technology. For this reason, the benefits of using collaborative robots, mainly in Brazilian companies, is still not clear. This work contributes to the collaborative robot discussion and consequently to Industry 4.0 implementation by creating a digital twin of an existing process and inserting a collaborative robot in it. The results should be used by decision makers to decide for inserting this technology in their factories.

Industry 4.0 concepts has left the hype behind them to become an industrial reality. Several technological pillars provide support to the so called 4 ^th industrial revolution. Among them are the Digital Twin (based on Cyber-Physical-Systems (CPS)) and the Internet of Things (IoT). Moreover, the interoperability from legacy equipment should be provided to the success of this new factory model. A huge concern is focused on the small and medium enterprises (SME) and their steps toward this new industry. Considering this scenario, this work presents a machine retrofit using an energy measurement industrial sensor, an IoT gateway to provide connectivity to this machine as well as show how the generated data could be sent to the cloud. Once in the cloud the data should feedback the digital energy model in one hand and in another hand be shared with third part partners. In order to manage and build massages in proper communication protocols the Node Red software was used and a mobile application was developed to monitor the energy data in real time.

1 Introduction