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Stephan Barthel
Department of Building Engineering, Energy Systems and Sustainability Science, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden

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Journal article
Published: 02 July 2021 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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The coronavirus pandemic entailed varying restrictions on access, movement and social behavior in populations around the world. Knowledge about how people coped with “soft-touch” restrictions can inform urban spatial planning strategies that enhance resilience against future pandemics. We analyzed data from an online place-based survey on 2845 places across Sweden that respondents abstained from visiting, visited with similar frequency, or visited more frequently in spring 2020 as compared to before the pandemic. In spatial logistic regression models, we relate geographical and sociodemographic properties of places (fields, forests, water, residential population density and daytime population density) to self-perceived changes in wellbeing from visiting the given place less or more often, respectively. Abstaining from visiting places with natural features located in areas of high residential density was associated with a self-perceived negative influence on wellbeing. Yet, fields, forests and water were strongly associated with places people claimed wellbeing benefits from during pandemic restrictions. The further a visited place was from the respondent’s home, the more likely it was to have a positive wellbeing influence. As an illustrative case, we map our models onto the landscape of Stockholm, showing that some neighborhoods are likely more resilient than others when coping with pandemic restrictions. Both the most and least resilient neighborhoods span the socio-economic spectrum. Urban planning will do well to enable equitable, easy access to natural settings by foot or bike, to increase pandemic preparedness as well as support climate change mitigation and biodiversity protection.

ACS Style

Karl Samuelsson; Stephan Barthel; Matteo Giusti; Terry Hartig. Visiting nearby natural settings supported wellbeing during Sweden’s “soft-touch” pandemic restrictions. Landscape and Urban Planning 2021, 214, 104176 .

AMA Style

Karl Samuelsson, Stephan Barthel, Matteo Giusti, Terry Hartig. Visiting nearby natural settings supported wellbeing during Sweden’s “soft-touch” pandemic restrictions. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2021; 214 ():104176.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karl Samuelsson; Stephan Barthel; Matteo Giusti; Terry Hartig. 2021. "Visiting nearby natural settings supported wellbeing during Sweden’s “soft-touch” pandemic restrictions." Landscape and Urban Planning 214, no. : 104176.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Anthropocene
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Addressing urban challenges with nature-based approaches can improve and protect ecosystem services. Yet, urban planning has not efficiently integrated such approaches to manage land use. This paper examines interactions between human and natural systems that result in ecosystem services and changes in land use and land cover in urban areas. It develops a social-ecological model for land use and land cover change, and for ecosystems services that integrates nature-based solutions in urban planning. The model treats spatial variations in ecosystems services as both drivers and consequences of human decision-making in choosing commercial and residential locations that drive land use and land cover change. We tested the social-ecological model in Stockholm County, Sweden, on a 30 × 30 m grid. Results show that accessibility in ecosystem services drives urban residential and commercial development, characterized by non-linearity. Areas around existing urban centers show high accessibility in ecosystem services and high development probabilities, whereas smaller population centers in large areas enjoy high accessibility to ecosystem services and low urban development probabilities. Model results suggest place-specific nature-based strategies for addressing the heterogeneous spatial relationships between ecosystem services and urban development.

ACS Style

Haozhi Pan; Jessica Page; Cong Cong; Stephan Barthel; Zahra Kalantari. How ecosystems services drive urban growth: Integrating nature-based solutions. Anthropocene 2021, 35, 100297 .

AMA Style

Haozhi Pan, Jessica Page, Cong Cong, Stephan Barthel, Zahra Kalantari. How ecosystems services drive urban growth: Integrating nature-based solutions. Anthropocene. 2021; 35 ():100297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Haozhi Pan; Jessica Page; Cong Cong; Stephan Barthel; Zahra Kalantari. 2021. "How ecosystems services drive urban growth: Integrating nature-based solutions." Anthropocene 35, no. : 100297.

Accepted manuscript
Published: 01 December 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
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Despite much attention in the literature, knowledge about the dynamics surrounding urban densification and urban greening is still in dire need for architects, urban planners and scientists that strive to design, develop, and regenerate sustainable and resilient urban environments. Here, we investigate countrywide patterns of changes in residential density and residential nature at high spatial resolution over a time period of >20 years (1995-2016), combining a dataset of address-level population data covering all of Denmark (>2 million address points) with satellite image-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Our results show that many residential environments across Denmark have witnessed simultaneous densification and greening since the mid-1990s. In fact, the most common change within 500 metre neighbourhoods around individual address points is of joint increases in population and NDVI (28%), followed by increasing NDVI with stable population figures (21%). In contrast, only 8% of neighbourhoods around address points have seen a decline in either population or NDVI. Results were similar in low- middle- and high-density environments, suggesting that trends were driven by climate change but also to some degree enabled by urban planning policies that seek to increase rather than decrease nature in the cities.

ACS Style

Karl Samuelsson; Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen; Sussie Antonsen; S. Anders Brandt; Clive Sabel; Stephan Barthel. Residential environments across Denmark have become both denser and greener over 20 years. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 16, 014022 .

AMA Style

Karl Samuelsson, Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen, Sussie Antonsen, S. Anders Brandt, Clive Sabel, Stephan Barthel. Residential environments across Denmark have become both denser and greener over 20 years. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 16 (1):014022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karl Samuelsson; Tzu-Hsin Karen Chen; Sussie Antonsen; S. Anders Brandt; Clive Sabel; Stephan Barthel. 2020. "Residential environments across Denmark have become both denser and greener over 20 years." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 1: 014022.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Limited exposure to direct nature experiences is a worrying sign of urbanization, particularly for children. Experiencing nature during childhood shapes aspects of a personal relationship with nature, crucial for sustainable decision-making processes in adulthood. Scholars often stress the need to ‘reconnect’ urban dwellers with nature; however, few elaborate on how this can be achieved. Here, we argue that nature reconnection requires urban ecosystems, with a capacity to enable environmental learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, i.e., learning that occurs in the head, heart and hands of individuals. Drawing on environmental psychology, urban ecology, institutional analysis and urban planning, we present a theoretical framework for Human–Nature Connection (HNC), discuss the importance of nurturing HNC for children, elaborate on the role of property-rights and the importance of creating collective action arenas in cities for the promotion of urban resilience building. As values and environmental preconceptions underly environmental behavior, there are limits to achieving HNC in cities, as presumptive sentiments toward nature not always are positive. We end by discussing the role of new digital technologies in relation to HNC, and conclude by summarizing the major points brought forward herein, offering policy recommendations for HNC as a resilience strategy that can be adopted in cities throughout the world.

ACS Style

Johan Colding; Matteo Giusti; Andreas Haga; Marita Wallhagen; Stephan Barthel. Enabling Relationships with Nature in Cities. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4394 .

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Matteo Giusti, Andreas Haga, Marita Wallhagen, Stephan Barthel. Enabling Relationships with Nature in Cities. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4394.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Matteo Giusti; Andreas Haga; Marita Wallhagen; Stephan Barthel. 2020. "Enabling Relationships with Nature in Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4394.

Communication
Published: 20 May 2020 in Smart Cities
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This paper focuses on the need for a widened definition of the notion of technology within the smart city discourse, with a particular focus on the “built environment”. The first part of the paper describes how current tendencies in urban design and architecture are inclined to prioritize high tech-solutions at the expense of low-tech functionalities and omits that information and communication technology (ICT) contrasts the art of building cities as an adaptable and habitually smart technology in itself. It continues with an elaboration on the need for expanding the limits of system boundaries for a better understanding of the energy and material telecouplings that are linked to ICT solutions and account for some perils inherent in smart technologies, such as rebound effects and the difficulty of measuring the environmental impacts of ICT solutions on a city level. The second part of the paper highlights how low-tech technologies and nature-based solutions can make cities smarter, representing a new technology portfolio in national and international policies for safeguarding biodiversity and the delivery of a range of ecosystem services, promoting the necessary climate-change adaption that cities need to prioritize to confer resilience.

ACS Style

Johan Colding; Marita Wallhagen; Patrik Sörqvist; Lars Marcus; Karl Hillman; Karl Samuelsson; Stephan Barthel. Applying a Systems Perspective on the Notion of the Smart City. Smart Cities 2020, 3, 420 -429.

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Marita Wallhagen, Patrik Sörqvist, Lars Marcus, Karl Hillman, Karl Samuelsson, Stephan Barthel. Applying a Systems Perspective on the Notion of the Smart City. Smart Cities. 2020; 3 (2):420-429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Marita Wallhagen; Patrik Sörqvist; Lars Marcus; Karl Hillman; Karl Samuelsson; Stephan Barthel. 2020. "Applying a Systems Perspective on the Notion of the Smart City." Smart Cities 3, no. 2: 420-429.

Communication
Published: 20 May 2020 in Land
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More precise explanations are needed to better understand why public green spaces are diminishing in cities, leading to the loss of ecosystem services that humans receive from natural systems. This paper is devoted to the incremental change of green spaces—a fate that is largely undetectable by urban residents. The paper elucidates a set of drivers resulting in the subtle loss of urban green spaces and elaborates on the consequences of this for resilience planning of ecosystem services. Incremental changes of greenspace trigger baseline shifts, where each generation of humans tends to take the current condition of an ecosystem as the normal state, disregarding its previous states. Even well-intended political land-use decisions, such as current privatization schemes, can cumulatively result in undesirable societal outcomes, leading to a gradual loss of opportunities for nature experience. Alfred E. Kahn referred to such decision making as ‘the tyranny of small decisions.’ This is mirrored in urban planning as problems that are dealt with in an ad hoc manner with no officially formulated vision for long-term spatial planning. Urban common property systems could provide interim solutions for local governments to survive periods of fiscal shortfalls. Transfer of proprietor rights to civil society groups can enhance the resilience of ecosystem services in cities.

ACS Style

Johan Colding; Åsa Gren; Stephan Barthel. The Incremental Demise of Urban Green Spaces. Land 2020, 9, 162 .

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Åsa Gren, Stephan Barthel. The Incremental Demise of Urban Green Spaces. Land. 2020; 9 (5):162.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Åsa Gren; Stephan Barthel. 2020. "The Incremental Demise of Urban Green Spaces." Land 9, no. 5: 162.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Cities
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We use an ecological lens on physiognomies of the digital city-development. Using resilience principles can reduce risks in digitalization of city functions. Strategically design for both buffering instant shocks and slow erosion Use autonomic self-organizing machine learning for whole digital network resilience Keep a separated and redundant analogue technology for critical infrastructures

ACS Style

Johan Colding; Magnus Colding; Stephan Barthel. Applying seven resilience principles on the Vision of the Digital City. Cities 2020, 103, 102761 .

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Magnus Colding, Stephan Barthel. Applying seven resilience principles on the Vision of the Digital City. Cities. 2020; 103 ():102761.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Magnus Colding; Stephan Barthel. 2020. "Applying seven resilience principles on the Vision of the Digital City." Cities 103, no. : 102761.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2020 in Sustainability
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In the midst of the epoch of the Urban Anthropocene, citizen engagement is an important step on the path of creating local and global sustainability. However, the factors that motivate civic urban dwellers to become voluntary stewards of nature environments inside cities need research. This is an empirical study based on deep interviews and a grounded theory approach focused on the “inner world” of people in Warsaw, Poland, that engage in green area stewardship. Our approach reveals a commonly shared vision as the prime motivator powering agency in green area stewardship. This vision was articulated as creating a countryside within the city characterized by a stronger sense of community, a shared sense of place and an enhanced connection with nature. While other studies have found inner values or direct benefits as motivating factors for engaging in urban stewardship, we instead found a green vision for re-designing what the “urban” could be like as the prime motivator for transformation—a vision with potential global sustainability implications.

ACS Style

Joanna Sanecka; Stephan Barthel; Johan Colding. Countryside within the City: A Motivating Vision behind Civic Green Area Stewardship in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2313 .

AMA Style

Joanna Sanecka, Stephan Barthel, Johan Colding. Countryside within the City: A Motivating Vision behind Civic Green Area Stewardship in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanna Sanecka; Stephan Barthel; Johan Colding. 2020. "Countryside within the City: A Motivating Vision behind Civic Green Area Stewardship in Warsaw, Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2313.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2019 in Smart Cities
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It is often uncritically assumed that, when digital technologies are integrated into the operation of city functions, they inevitably contribute to sustainable urban development. Such a notion rests largely on the belief that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions pave the way for more democratic forms of planning, and that ‘smart’ technological devices result in a range of environmental benefits, e.g., energy efficiency and the mitigation of global warming. Drawing on the scientific literature that deals with ‘smart cities’, we here elaborate on how both propositions fail to consider drawbacks that could be characterized as ‘wicked’, i.e., problems that lack simplistic solutions and straightforward planning responses, and which often come about as ‘management surprises’, as a byproduct of achieving sustainability. We here deal with problems related to public choice constraints, ‘non-choice default technologies’ and the costs of automation for human learning and resilience. To avoid undemocratic forms of planning and too strong a dependence on non-choice default technologies, e.g., smart phones, we recommend that planners and policy makers safeguard redundancy in public-choice options by maintaining a wide range of alternative choices, including analog ones. Resilience thinking could help planners deal more effectively with the ‘wickedness’ of an increasingly hyper-connected society.

ACS Style

Johan Colding; Stephan Barthel; Patrik Sörqvist. Wicked Problems of Smart Cities. Smart Cities 2019, 2, 512 -521.

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Stephan Barthel, Patrik Sörqvist. Wicked Problems of Smart Cities. Smart Cities. 2019; 2 (4):512-521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Stephan Barthel; Patrik Sörqvist. 2019. "Wicked Problems of Smart Cities." Smart Cities 2, no. 4: 512-521.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2019 in Journal of Environmental Psychology
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People’s beliefs in the actions necessary to reduce anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are important to public policy acceptability. The current paper addressed beliefs concerning how periods of small emission cuts contribute to the total CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, by asking participants to rate the atmospheric CO2 concentration for various time periods and emission rates. The participants thought that a time period with higher emission rates combined with a period of lower emission rates generates less atmospheric CO2 in total, compared to the period with high emission rates alone – demonstrating a negative footprint illusion (Study 1). The participants appeared to base their CO2 estimates on the average, rather than on the accumulated sum, of the two periods’ emissions – i.e. an averaging bias (Study 2). Moreover, the effect was robust to the wordings of the problem presented to the participants (Study 3). Together, these studies suggest that the averaging bias makes people exaggerate the benefits of small emission cuts. The averaging bias could make people willing to accept policies that reduce emission rates although insufficiently to alleviate global warming.

ACS Style

Mattias Holmgren; Alan Kabanshi; Linda Langeborg; Stephan Barthel; Johan Colding; Ola Eriksson; Patrik Sörqvist. Deceptive sustainability: Cognitive bias in people's judgment of the benefits of CO2 emission cuts. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2019, 64, 48 -55.

AMA Style

Mattias Holmgren, Alan Kabanshi, Linda Langeborg, Stephan Barthel, Johan Colding, Ola Eriksson, Patrik Sörqvist. Deceptive sustainability: Cognitive bias in people's judgment of the benefits of CO2 emission cuts. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2019; 64 ():48-55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattias Holmgren; Alan Kabanshi; Linda Langeborg; Stephan Barthel; Johan Colding; Ola Eriksson; Patrik Sörqvist. 2019. "Deceptive sustainability: Cognitive bias in people's judgment of the benefits of CO2 emission cuts." Journal of Environmental Psychology 64, no. : 48-55.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2019 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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An unresolved issue in creating resilient cities is how to obtain sustainability benefits from densification while not eroding the capacity of social-ecological systems to generate wellbeing for urban dwellers. To understand how different relationships between urban form and wellbeing together play out, we analysed geocoded experiential data (1460 experiences from 780 respondents) together with variables of the physical environment. Through statistical and spatial analysis, we operationalised resilience principles to assess what urban environments provide “resilience at eye level” – a diversity of experiences and a level of connectivity between them that limit adverse outcomes. We found 8 typologies of experiential landscapes – distinct compositions of 11 categories of experiences. Our analysis shows that typologies with experiences supportive of wellbeing are diverse and exist in environments that balance residents and workplaces, avoid extreme spatial integration and/or density and have accessible nature. Typologies with many experiences hindering wellbeing fail in one or several of these respects. Our findings suggest that resilience principles can act as a guiding heuristic for urban densification that does not compromise human wellbeing.

ACS Style

Karl Samuelsson; Johan Colding; Stephan Barthel. Urban resilience at eye level: Spatial analysis of empirically defined experiential landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 2019, 187, 70 -80.

AMA Style

Karl Samuelsson, Johan Colding, Stephan Barthel. Urban resilience at eye level: Spatial analysis of empirically defined experiential landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2019; 187 ():70-80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karl Samuelsson; Johan Colding; Stephan Barthel. 2019. "Urban resilience at eye level: Spatial analysis of empirically defined experiential landscapes." Landscape and Urban Planning 187, no. : 70-80.

Review article
Published: 01 April 2019 in The Anthropocene Review
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Global urbanization and food production are in direct competition for land. This paper carries out a critical review of how displacing crop production from urban and peri-urban land to other areas – because of issues related to soil quality – will demand a substantially larger proportion of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface than the surface area lost to urban encroachment. Such relationships may trigger further distancing effects and unfair social-ecological teleconnections. It risks also setting in motion amplifying effects within the Earth System. In combination, such multiple stressors set the scene for food riots in cities of the Global South. Our review identifies viable leverage points on which to act in order to navigate urban expansion away from fertile croplands. We first elaborate on the political complexities in declaring urban and peri-urban lands with fertile soils as one global commons. We find that the combination of an advisory global policy aligned with regional policies enabling robust common properties rights for bottom-up actors and movements in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as multi-level leverage places to intervene. To substantiate the ability of aligning global advisory policy with regional planning, we review both past and contemporary examples where empowering local social-ecological UPA practices and circular economies have had a stimulating effect on urban resilience and helped preserve, restore, and maintain urban lands with healthy soils.

ACS Style

Stephan Barthel; Christian Isendahl; Benjamin N Vis; Axel Drescher; Daniel L Evans; Arjan Van Timmeren. Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land: Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System. The Anthropocene Review 2019, 6, 71 -97.

AMA Style

Stephan Barthel, Christian Isendahl, Benjamin N Vis, Axel Drescher, Daniel L Evans, Arjan Van Timmeren. Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land: Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System. The Anthropocene Review. 2019; 6 (1-2):71-97.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Barthel; Christian Isendahl; Benjamin N Vis; Axel Drescher; Daniel L Evans; Arjan Van Timmeren. 2019. "Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land: Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System." The Anthropocene Review 6, no. 1-2: 71-97.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Ecology and Society
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ACS Style

Johan Colding; Stephan Barthel. Exploring the social-ecological systems discourse 20 years later. Ecology and Society 2019, 24, 1 .

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Stephan Barthel. Exploring the social-ecological systems discourse 20 years later. Ecology and Society. 2019; 24 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Stephan Barthel. 2019. "Exploring the social-ecological systems discourse 20 years later." Ecology and Society 24, no. 1: 1.

Conference paper
Published: 17 December 2018 in Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience
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This talk revolves around critical perspectives on the smart city digitalization and its repercussions for a resilient urban society. The talk will deal with issues regarding who will benefit from implementing the smart city model and the talk will also cover how the smart city model may interact with transformations of human behavior linked to both climate mitigation and to the resilience of intertwined infrastructure-Internet systems of the smart city whilst global warming. While applying a critical perspective, I plan also to address the potentials that may open up by the digital city revolution. For instance, it is already a fast development of using smart technologies as new planning practices and simultaneously as novel research methods. For instance ‘citizens as sensors approaches’ are now being developed rapidly. The talk will cover both what kind of new understanding of urban sustainability and resilience such technologies may bring as well as its ethical implications, including environmental justice perspectives, and how smart city technologies may affect social health and human-nature connections

ACS Style

Stephan Barthel. On smart cities, sustainability and resilience: understanding the digital city revolution. Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Stephan Barthel. On smart cities, sustainability and resilience: understanding the digital city revolution. Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Barthel. 2018. "On smart cities, sustainability and resilience: understanding the digital city revolution." Proceedings of IFoU 2018: Reframing Urban Resilience Implementation: Aligning Sustainability and Resilience , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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ACS Style

S.S. Cilliers; Stefan Siebert; M.J. Du Toit; Stephan Barthel; S. Mishra; S.F. Cornelius; E. Davoren. Garden ecosystem services of Sub-Saharan Africa and the role of health clinic gardens as social-ecological systems. Landscape and Urban Planning 2018, 180, 294 -307.

AMA Style

S.S. Cilliers, Stefan Siebert, M.J. Du Toit, Stephan Barthel, S. Mishra, S.F. Cornelius, E. Davoren. Garden ecosystem services of Sub-Saharan Africa and the role of health clinic gardens as social-ecological systems. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2018; 180 ():294-307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.S. Cilliers; Stefan Siebert; M.J. Du Toit; Stephan Barthel; S. Mishra; S.F. Cornelius; E. Davoren. 2018. "Garden ecosystem services of Sub-Saharan Africa and the role of health clinic gardens as social-ecological systems." Landscape and Urban Planning 180, no. : 294-307.

Original research article
Published: 08 June 2018 in Frontiers in Psychology
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The aim of this paper is to explore how children learn to form new relationships with nature. It draws on a longitudinal case study of children participating in a stewardship project involving the conservation of salamanders during the school day in Stockholm, Sweden. The qualitative method includes two waves of data collection: when a group of 10-year-old children participated in the project (2015) and 2 years after they participated (2017). We conducted 49 interviews with children as well as using participant observations and questionnaires. We found indications that children developed sympathy for salamanders and increased concern and care for nature, and that such relationships persisted 2 years after participation. Our rich qualitative data suggest that whole situations of sufficient unpredictability triggering free exploration of the area, direct sensory contact and significant experiences of interacting with a species were important for children’s development of affective relationships with the salamander species and with nature in an open-ended sense. Saving the lives of trapped animals enabled direct sensory interaction, feedback, increased understanding, and development of new skills for dynamically exploring further ways of saving species in an interactive process experienced as deeply meaningful, enjoyable and connecting. The behavioral setting instilled a sense of pride and commitment, and the high degree of responsibility given to the children while exploring the habitat during authentic situations enriched children’s enjoyment. The study has implications for the design of education programs that aim to connect children with nature and for a child-sensitive urban policy that supports authentic nature situations in close spatial proximity to preschools and schools.

ACS Style

Stephan Barthel; Sophie Belton; Christopher M. Raymond; Matteo Giusti. Fostering Children’s Connection to Nature Through Authentic Situations: The Case of Saving Salamanders at School. Frontiers in Psychology 2018, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Stephan Barthel, Sophie Belton, Christopher M. Raymond, Matteo Giusti. Fostering Children’s Connection to Nature Through Authentic Situations: The Case of Saving Salamanders at School. Frontiers in Psychology. 2018; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Barthel; Sophie Belton; Christopher M. Raymond; Matteo Giusti. 2018. "Fostering Children’s Connection to Nature Through Authentic Situations: The Case of Saving Salamanders at School." Frontiers in Psychology 9, no. : 1.

Article commentary
Published: 21 March 2018 in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science
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Despite several calls in this journal of debating the rapid growth of the literature on “smart cities”, such a debate has in large been absent. Smart cities are often un-critically launched as a sustainable way of developing cities. When cities become increasingly complex as its features are wired into the Internet, theories for their understanding is lagging behind. As it is prospected that a greater number of people and things will become connected by Information and Computer Technology, the complexity of urban systems will over time increase. Historical insights reveal that as complexity in societies increase, growth in energy consumption tends to follow. In this paper, we discuss whether complexity carried too far could lead to diminishing returns of energy saving and create unmanageable urban systems. As part of initiating such a debate, this commentary asks whether the smart cities development has a bearing on the issue whether a society can erode its capacity of sustaining itself? We pose this question against the backdrop that no one actually knows what type of society the smart cities model in the end will generate.

ACS Style

Johan Colding; Magnus Colding; Stephan Barthel. The smart city model: A new panacea for urban sustainability or unmanageable complexity? Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 2018, 47, 179 -187.

AMA Style

Johan Colding, Magnus Colding, Stephan Barthel. The smart city model: A new panacea for urban sustainability or unmanageable complexity? Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. 2018; 47 (1):179-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johan Colding; Magnus Colding; Stephan Barthel. 2018. "The smart city model: A new panacea for urban sustainability or unmanageable complexity?" Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 1: 179-187.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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ACS Style

Karl Samuelsson; Matteo Giusti; Garry Peterson; Ann Legeby; Sven Anders Brandt; Stephan Barthel. Impact of environment on people’s everyday experiences in Stockholm. Landscape and Urban Planning 2018, 171, 7 -17.

AMA Style

Karl Samuelsson, Matteo Giusti, Garry Peterson, Ann Legeby, Sven Anders Brandt, Stephan Barthel. Impact of environment on people’s everyday experiences in Stockholm. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2018; 171 ():7-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karl Samuelsson; Matteo Giusti; Garry Peterson; Ann Legeby; Sven Anders Brandt; Stephan Barthel. 2018. "Impact of environment on people’s everyday experiences in Stockholm." Landscape and Urban Planning 171, no. : 7-17.

Book chapter
Published: 02 February 2018 in Routledge Handbook of Landscape and Food
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Exploring past societies in different cultural contexts can offer insights on issues that are timeless and permanent, that is, challenges addressed in the past that remain relevant in the present and form questions for the future. One such global challenge is to maintain food security for all citizens in cities. This chapter draws on insights from pre-Columbian Maya cities, medieval Constantinople, and wartime London and applies these to the mega region of the contemporary Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta. It demonstrates the potential to integrate archaeological and historical research with investigations of contemporary conditions to inform the planning sector. Despite fundamental differences, urban and peri-urban food production continues to play a key role for food security and city resilience. The long-term record of dealing with challenges to food security suggests that it is essential to maintain a diversity of food systems including localised ones, and a capacity for institutional flexibility at multiple scales.

ACS Style

Christian Isendahl; Stephan Barthel. Archaeology, history, and urban food security. Routledge Handbook of Landscape and Food 2018, 61 -72.

AMA Style

Christian Isendahl, Stephan Barthel. Archaeology, history, and urban food security. Routledge Handbook of Landscape and Food. 2018; ():61-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Isendahl; Stephan Barthel. 2018. "Archaeology, history, and urban food security." Routledge Handbook of Landscape and Food , no. : 61-72.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Landscape and Urban Planning
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Urban gardens have been observed to multiply in response to crises. However, the meaning and motivations behind the emergence of gardening movements varies greatly over space and time. In this paper we argue that bottom up urban gardening initiatives taking place in Southern European countries in form of land occupation and communalization represent forms of resistance that enhance social cohesion and collective action in times of need. Specifically, this research examines the role of urban gardens in (i) building community resilience and (ii) articulating forms of resistance and contestation to development pressure and commodified urban lifestyles. Our research is based on data collected among 27 urban gardening initiatives in Barcelona, Spain, including 13 self-governed community gardens and 14 public gardens. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with gardeners and with staff from the Barcelona City Council. Our results show mechanisms through which urban gardens can contribute to build resilience by nurturing social and ecological diversity, generating and transmitting local ecological knowledge, and by creating opportunities for collective action and self-organization. We further examine collectively managed gardens as urban commons that emerge as a form of resistance to the privatization of public urban space, and that offer opportunities to experiment with new models of urban lifestyles. We show how gardening initiatives can be seen to represent an emerging form of urban green commons that provides a suitable ground to ‘sow’ resilience and contestation in times of crises and socio-ecological deterioration

ACS Style

Johannes Langemeyer; Marta Camps-Calvet; Laura Calvet-Mir; Stephan Barthel; Erik Gómez-Baggethun. Stewardship of urban ecosystem services: understanding the value(s) of urban gardens in Barcelona. Landscape and Urban Planning 2018, 170, 79 -89.

AMA Style

Johannes Langemeyer, Marta Camps-Calvet, Laura Calvet-Mir, Stephan Barthel, Erik Gómez-Baggethun. Stewardship of urban ecosystem services: understanding the value(s) of urban gardens in Barcelona. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2018; 170 ():79-89.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johannes Langemeyer; Marta Camps-Calvet; Laura Calvet-Mir; Stephan Barthel; Erik Gómez-Baggethun. 2018. "Stewardship of urban ecosystem services: understanding the value(s) of urban gardens in Barcelona." Landscape and Urban Planning 170, no. : 79-89.