Blockchain has been said to be one of the technologies for the future, and researchers have argued that this technology is going to disrupt many industries in the coming years, and democratic elections are one of the key areas blockchain is going to transform. Several organizations have begun experimenting on blockchain-enabled e-voting platforms, such as Democratic Earth, Horizon State and Follow My Vote. This study seeks to conceptualize a blockchain architecture for the storage of election results that provide trust, transparency, and immutability using distributed ledger technology (DLT). One of the main issues with elections in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries is the inaccurate recording of votes from polling stations, constituencies and at the national office. There are instances where votes recorded at the polling station changes at the constituencies either intentionally or accidentally. The study discussed the basic properties of the blockchain, such as distributed ledger, consensus mechanisms and cryptographic hash function, and how it can be used to address the current challenges in vote recording during elections. The study evaluates current blockchain-enabled e-voting systems and designs a blockchain-based vote recording system that provides immutability, trust, and transparency. The proposed design addresses the issues of vote tempering because transactions added to the block are secure with a cryptographic hash function which makes tempering of the votes stored in the blockchain nearly impossible and make it immutable.

While Internet voting is argued to have the potential to improve election processes, concerns about security risks remain one of its main adoption barriers. These concerns are furthermore aggravated by the lack oftransparencyof Internet voting systems that are often perceived as a “black box”. Moreover, there is a research gap in conceptualizing the idea of transparency and in studying voters’ attitudes towards transparency in Internet voting. In this work, we aim to address this gap by (1) Conducting a systematic literature review, from which we identified five dimensions of transparency; (2) Developing a questionnaire (Transparency Dimensions of Internet Voting, TDIV) to assess voters’ attitudes regarding the correlation of these dimensions with transparency; and (3) Conducting an online study (N = 500) to investigate voters’ attitudes towards transparency in Internet voting. We conclude that providing information about the security of the Internet voting system; testing it by independent experts for security vulnerabilities prior to the election; monitoring the election process and verifying its integrity; and providing a remedy for security breaches while holding the responsible parties accountable, are perceived by voters as important, and enhance transparency in Internet voting systems.

The administration of lands in Ghana has been a major issue in the past years that has resulted in parties seeking arbitration to determine the rightful owners and others resulting in death because of the land-guard menace. The main issues in land administration in Ghana include modification and falsification of land records, difficulty in authenticating the ownership of land property, sales of land property to more than one customer, and lack of transparency in land transactions. This chapter examines the application of Blockchain in land administration in Ghana to solve the issues of unauthorized modification of land records, difficulties in proven ownership of land properties, and the lack of transparency in land transactions. The proposed solution is based on Ethereum Blockchain technology using a smart contract. The solution used a non-fungible token to represent land properties as a digital asset that can be traded on the proposed solution. The proposed solution provides integrity, immutability, provenance, and transparency in land administration.

Internet voting system adoption in elections can bring enormous benefits to an electoral process. Though few countries have adopted it for their legally binding elections, others have discontinued its use because of perceived vulnerabilities. But it has been argued that the benefits the internet voting system provide outweigh the perceived vulnerabilities. The main purpose of this study is to examine the drivers of the internet voting system from the organizational context. The study is purely qualitative using semi-structured interviews. The interview participants were top management of EC staff, political parties’ executives and experts who were purposively selected, and thematic analysis was used to extract patterns from the data collected. The main themes that emerged from the thematic analysis include pressure from political parties, pressure from the government, legal framework, financial readiness of EC, EC top management support, convenience, accuracy, and increase voter turnouts. The discussion of the findings and the implication of the results were discussed in the study.

The key accelerating factor in the increased growth of AI is the availability of historic datasets, and this has influenced the adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning in education. This is possible because data can be accessed through the use of various learning management systems (LMS) and the increased use of the internet. Over the years, research on the use of AI and ML in education has improved appreciably, and studies have also indicated its success. Machine learning algorithms have successfully been implemented in institutions for predicting students' performance, recommending courses, counseling students, among others. This chapter discussed the use of AI and ML-assisted systems in education, the importance of AI in education, and the future of AI in education to provide information to educators on the AI transformation in education.