Workplace irritation is a prevalent phenomenon in the hospitality industry and has detrimental effects on both individual and organisational outcomes. Whereas prior research has examined this toxic phenomenon, how irritated employees recover from such status has received limited attention. Based on the principles of attention restoration theory, the current study conceptualises the recovery process from workplace irritation as the restoration of attention and develops a dual-path, moderated-mediation model. Irritated employees may engage in dual parallel recovery paths: positive solitude and social interactions, which thereby enhance their subjective well-being. Furthermore, we employ extraversion as a moderator to regulate engagement across the dual paths. Using a multi-wave survey data collected from 356 hotel employees in China, our findings reveal that both positive solitude and social interactions mediate the relationship between workplace irritation and subjective well-being. Furthermore, our findings also support the moderating role of extraversion within the social interactions path. However, this study does not support a moderating role for this variable within the positive solitude path.

This study investigates the formation mechanism of autobiographical memory among recreational vehicle travelers by validating the negotiation–inspiration–memory model. Drawing on 358 valid responses collected through a survey in China, the study confirms that intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural constraints significantly influence negotiation. Connectedness to nature and social interaction are identified as antecedents of tourist inspiration. Both negotiation and inspiration positively predict autobiographical memory, with a sense of achievement moderating these relationships. The findings offer theoretical insights into how behavioral and cognitive processes interact to shape memory formation in tourism contexts. The results suggest that marketers and destination managers can enhance memory encoding through targeted interventions such as storytelling prompts, milestone recognition, and immersive social experiences.