Concerns about pollution and global warming have grown in recent years. Efficient coal use is critical for reducing the environmental toll of fossil fuel consumption. This study aims to examine how transition metal chlorides affect the burn-off rate and thermal conversion efficiency of bituminous coal with a high ash content. The analytical methods used include proximate, thermo-gravimetric, morphological, and pyrolysis analyses. This research examined the effect of change in the carbonization temperature, carbonization time, and catalyst concentration on the thermal degradation of high-ash bituminous coal impregnated with ZnCl₂. At various ratios, zinc chloride solution was adsorbed onto the coal surface. The treated coal was then heated at different temperatures ranging from 510 to 710°C, under atmospheric pressure, in a furnace without air. This process was carried out to enhance the rate of burnout or pyrolysis. The response surface approach reveals that the carbonization time is a crucial input parameter, followed by the carbonization temperature and catalyst concentration. The response surface methodology analysis yielded a coefficient of determination of 0.9734.

Food security is a paramount issue, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. Much of the existing research focuses on identifying the factors and constraints of households related to rural areas. However, little attention has been paid to urban householders’ food security and insecurity. To this end, a study has been conducted in Gondar to evaluate urban household food security, sampling 357 homes. Results revealed that 67% of male‐headed households were food secure and 33% were food insecure, while 72% of female‐headed households were found food insecure and 28% were found food secure. Tenants faced higher insecurity (77%) versus homeowners (12%). The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke model highlighted 53% incidence, 14% depth, and 5.4% severity of insecurity. Tackling 15% of calorie needs could eradicate it with proactive regional governance. Binary logistic modelling identified gender, homeownership, income, marital status, remittance, and credit access as significant factors ( p < 0.01). The study underscores the need for tailored programs focusing on income, stable pricing, housing, and low‐interest loans which are crucial for addressing overcoming urban food insecurity.

Due to rapid economic growth, India is the world's third-largest emitter of carbon, with a high reliance on fossil fuels. Simultaneously, the country has been on an unparalleled course of renewable energy development, making serious strides through its National Solar Mission and its Paris Pledge. This study examines the linkages among renewable energy use, fossil fuel use, and carbon emissions in India between 1991 and 2024. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Bayesian linear regression provide the study with a powerful tool, offering a comparative framework with particular emphasis on the benefits of frequentist and probabilistic approaches. Based on the findings, a 1 percent increase in the use of renewable energy consumption has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 1.20 percent, whereas a 1 percent increase in the use of fossil fuel consumption has increased carbon dioxide emissions by about 1.51 percent. Despite OLS's definite elasticity estimates, the Bayesian approach provides better insights (a posterior distribution and credible intervals), as it captures uncertainty. The two models are verified by diagnostic tests, but Bayesian methods offer additional advantages, including the ability to handle small samples and to handle multicollinearity. The findings reveal that, despite the effectiveness of renewable energy in reducing emissions, India's carbon trajectory is determined by the massive expansion of fossil fuel production. The study concludes that the decarbonization goal should be achieved through increased use of renewable energy and active measures to reduce fossil fuel dependence, including the introduction of carbon taxes, emissions limits, and investment in clean technologies.

The present study investigated the role of managerial support practices in fostering career development in remote and AI-enhanced workplaces across sectors. This study aims to understand the challenges and impact of managerial practices in the new, advanced, and hybrid work culture that has emerged due to digitisation and technological advancements. The organization’s ecosystem is facing and addressing the issues arising from these changes across internal and external domains. Therefore, to address and inform the stakeholders about the numerous factors in this changed work system, the present study incorporated both qualitative and quantitative research designs to conduct a holistic study. A structured questionnaire has been prepared for the quantitative phase of the survey, followed by focused interviews with some of the groups to gather a qualitative set of data and information. The study’s sample populations encompass employees from various sectors, including IT, education, finance, healthcare, and marketing. Targeted interview questions were asked to assess perceived managerial support, access to career development opportunities, the impact of AI on job roles, and career satisfaction. The study employed descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, ANOVA, content analysis, and structural equation modelling as data analysis methods to explore relationships among key variables. A conceptual framework in which managerial practices serve as an independent variable, moderated by AI integration and remote work environments, influencing career development outcomes. The conclusions aim to offer practical recommendations for organizations to adapt managerial techniques that foster career growth in an increasingly virtual and AI-driven workplace.