This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in substance-using Ethiopian adults. A simple random sampling of houses and a purposive sampling selection was performed in Mizan city, Ethiopia (n = 406). Participants completed the ISI and a meta-cognition questionnaire and sociodemographic information. IBM SPSS software with Amos was used for data analysis. There was no major ceiling or floor effect in the ISI scores. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.68 and 0.78) and internal homogeneity (moderate to strong item-total ISI score correlations; r ≥ 0.47) were adequate. All of the ISI (item as well as total) scores correlated with the meta-cognition total scores (r = 0.16–0.44; p < .01). The exploratory factor analysis results were heterogeneous. However, the confirmatory factor analysis favored a 2-factor model. The ISI has good psychometric validity among Ethiopian adults with substance use.

Food security is a paramount issue, particularly in developing nations like Ethiopia. Much of the existing research focuses on identifying the factors and constraints of households related to rural areas. However, little attention has been paid to urban householders’ food security and insecurity. To this end, a study has been conducted in Gondar to evaluate urban household food security, sampling 357 homes. Results revealed that 67% of male‐headed households were food secure and 33% were food insecure, while 72% of female‐headed households were found food insecure and 28% were found food secure. Tenants faced higher insecurity (77%) versus homeowners (12%). The Foster–Greer–Thorbecke model highlighted 53% incidence, 14% depth, and 5.4% severity of insecurity. Tackling 15% of calorie needs could eradicate it with proactive regional governance. Binary logistic modelling identified gender, homeownership, income, marital status, remittance, and credit access as significant factors ( p < 0.01). The study underscores the need for tailored programs focusing on income, stable pricing, housing, and low‐interest loans which are crucial for addressing overcoming urban food insecurity.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of firms’ cash holdings on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Gulf Cooperation Council region and to explore how board characteristics can moderate the environmental impact of cash reserves, thereby fostering sustainability in corporate cash management practices. Design/methodology/approach: The study analyses a sample of 1126 firm-year observations from GCC countries over the period 2010–2022. It applies the fixed effect, the generalized method of moments (GMM), propensity score matching (PSM), and various carbon emission metrics to ensure robustness and address potential endogeneity. Findings: The findings show that larger cash reserves in the firms increase CO2 emissions, indicating less ecologically friendly use of liquid assets from the management. However, board attributes such as a larger board size, a two-tier board structure, and external-consultants help reduce this impact. In contrast, chief executive officer board-membership and auditor-independence-rotation tend to amplify the relationship, while board-membership-limits show mixed results. Originality/value: This research underscores the role of governance mechanisms, particularly board characteristics, in mitigating the environmental impact of cash reserves. It offers key evidence to refine corporate governance policies supporting sustainability. Policymakers are encouraged to promote two-tier board structures and engage external-consultants to better align cash management with environmental objectives and foster sustainable business practices.