Background and Aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in laboratory medicine, promising significant advancements in healthcare delivery. This study explores the potential impact of AI on diagnostics and patient management within the context of laboratory medicine, with a particular focus on low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).Methods: In writing this article, we conducted a thorough search of databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar within 20 years. The study examines AI's capabilities, including learning, reasoning, and decision‐making, mirroring human cognitive processes. It highlights AI's adeptness at processing vast data sets, identifying patterns, and expediting the extraction of actionable insights, particularly in medical imaging interpretation and laboratory test data analysis. The research emphasizes the potential benefits of AI in early disease detection, therapeutic interventions, and personalized treatment strategies.Results: In the realm of laboratory medicine, AI demonstrates remarkable precision in interpreting medical images such as radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Its predictive analytical capabilities extend to forecasting patient trajectories and informing personalized treatment strategies using comprehensive data sets comprising clinical outcomes, patient records, and laboratory results. The study underscores the significance of AI in addressing healthcare challenges, especially in resource‐constrained LMICs.Conclusion: While acknowledging the profound impact of AI on laboratory medicine in LMICs, the study recognizes challenges such as inadequate data availability, digital infrastructure deficiencies, and ethical considerations. Successful implementation necessitates substantial investments in digital infrastructure, the establishment of data‐sharing networks, and the formulation of regulatory frameworks. The study concludes that collaborative efforts among stakeholders, including international organizations, governments, and nongovernmental entities, are crucial for overcoming obstacles and responsibly integrating AI into laboratory medicine in LMICs. A comprehensive, coordinated approach is essential for realizing AI's transformative potential and advancing health care in LMICs.

Recurrent Glioblastoma presents a formidable challenge in oncology due to its aggressive nature and limited treatment options. Tumour-Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy, a novel therapeutic modality, has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical conundrum. This review synthesizes the current evidence surrounding the efficacy of TTFields Therapy in the context of recurrent Glioblastoma. Diverse academic databases were explored to identify relevant studies published within the last decade. Strategic keyword selection facilitated the inclusion of studies focusing on TTFields Therapy’s efficacy, treatment outcomes, and patient-specific factors. The review reveals a growing body of evidence suggesting the potential clinical benefits of TTFields Therapy for patients with recurrent Glioblastoma. Studies consistently demonstrate its positive impact on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The therapy’s safety profile remains favorable, with mild to moderate skin reactions being the most commonly reported adverse events. Our analysis highlights the importance of patient selection criteria, with emerging biomarkers such as PTEN mutation status influencing therapy response. Additionally, investigations into combining TTFields Therapy with other treatments, including surgical interventions and novel approaches, offer promising avenues for enhancing therapeutic outcomes. The synthesis of diverse studies underscores the potential of TTFields Therapy as a valuable addition to the armamentarium against recurrent Glioblastoma. The narrative review comprehensively explains the therapy’s mechanisms, clinical benefits, adverse events, and future directions. The insights gathered herein serve as a foundation for clinicians and researchers striving to optimize treatment strategies for patients facing the challenging landscape of recurrent Glioblastoma.

Leptospirosis, also known as Weil’s disease, is an emerging zoonotic infection that occurs worldwide but is particularly common in the tropics. There has been an increasing trend of leptospirosis in the Philippines since the outbreak occurred in 2020. The number of reported cases was 182 in 2020, 1661 in 2021, and 2794 in 2022. This present article aimed to access previously published studies on the prevalence, implications, and efforts to combat leptospirosis worldwide, with a particular focus on the Philippines from 2001 to 2023. In writing this article, we conducted a thorough search of databases such as PubMed, Researchgate, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar within 20 years. This present article found that more than 810 cases were reported from 1 January to 4 March 2023. The Cagayan Valley Region has 103 cases, the Zamboanga Peninsula has 77 cases, and the Western Visayas Region has 176 cases, making them the worst-hit areas. The increase in leptospirosis cases in the Philippines is primarily attributed to several factors. Firstly, the country is prone to natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, and landslides, which increase the risk of water sources and the environment being contaminated with Leptospira bacteria. To address the menace of leptospirosis in the Philippines, we urge the Philippine government to focus on improving healthcare infrastructure, providing swift, reliable, and effective treatments, implementing safety regulations, supplying personal protective equipment to medical authorities, and taking strict actions to improve water sanitation.

The atrioventricular block (AVB) is a conduction system problem that results from the impairment in the transmission of an impulse from the atria to the ventricle, the disease has many etiologies. This article aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dual and single-chamber pacemakers in patients with SSS and AVB. An electronic search of PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar was performed from 2000 till August 15th, 2022. Retrieved articles were exported to Endnote Reference Library Software, where duplicate studies were removed from the list, and only articles meeting the eligibility criteria of this study were selected. RevMan 5.4 and STATA 16 software were used for the analysis. The modified Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias and New-castle Ottawa scale were used for quality assessment of RCTs and observational studies respectively. This study is composed of 8953 patients with sick-sinus syndrome and atrioventricular block. A total of thirteen outcomes are included in this meta-analysis, out of which atrial fibrillation significantly favored dual chamber [OR = 1.29; 95 % CI = 1.05-1.59; P = 0.01 I² = 29 %] and overall complications [OR = 0.48; 95 % CI = 0.29-0.77; p = 0.03 I² = 0 %] and pneumothorax [OR = 0.31; 95 % CI = 0.10-0.93; p = 0.04, I² = 0 %] were satisfied by single-chamber pacing. This study concluded that neither single-chamber nor dual-chamber pacemakers are superior to each other, but they are unique in their own ways as the results of this study manifest remarkable reduction in atrial fibrillation rates and pneumothorax using dual-chamber and single-chamber pacemakers respectively.

Aortic dissection (AD) is a potentially fatal cardiovascular issue that needs to be diagnosed and treated very away. Although early detection is essential for bettering patient outcomes, there are substantial obstacles with the diagnostic techniques used today. Promising pathways for improving AD prognosis evaluation and early detection are presented by recent developments in serum biomarkers. The most recent research on serum biomarkers for AD is reviewed here, with an emphasis on the prognostic and diagnostic utility of these indicators. A number of biomarkers, including as matrix metalloproteinases, soluble elastin fragments, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain, and D-dimer, have been identified as putative markers of AD. These indicators are indicative of multiple pathophysiological mechanisms associated with AD, including inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular damage. Research has indicated that they are useful in differentiating AD from other acute cardiovascular diseases, facilitating prompt diagnosis and risk assessment.

Stroke in adolescents and young adults are uncommon, and unlike in older adults, the etiology can be a challenging puzzle to solve. Patients often lack traditional risk factors such as hypertension or may be too young for suspected atherosclerotic disease. Additionally, among this group, various stroke mimics exist that can cloud physician judgment, leading to under- or overtreatment. There is a significant gap in the current literature and clinical evidence regarding stroke in this population. This review of the literature aims to extract important information surrounding the etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, management, and complications of stroke in younger people and address stroke mimics and how they can appear similar and different from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Additionally, we discuss the importance of furthering research in this specific population in all areas due to a concerning rise in stroke frequency and unique associated disabilities. The acute treatment of stroke in young patients is similar to older adults. While stroke mimics may complicate suspicion and cause hesitance, delays in stroke care should be avoided. There remains a need for research in the areas of diagnosis, management, and assessment of long-term care and challenges in this population of patients.