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The frequency of heavy rains is increasing with climate change in regions that already have high annual rainfall (i.e., Sichuan, China). Crop response under such high-rainfall conditions is to increase dry matter investment in vegetative parts rather than reproductive parts. In the case of soybean, leaf redundancy prevails, which reduces the light transmittance and seed yield. However, moderate defoliation of soybean canopy could reduce leaf redundancy and improve soybean yield, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Therefore, the effects of three defoliation treatments (T1, 15%; T2, 30%; and T3, 45% defoliation from the top of the soybean canopy; defoliation treatments were applied at the pod initiation stage of soybean) on the growth and yield parameters of soybean were evaluated through field experiments in the summer of 2017, 2018, and 2019. All results were compared with nondefoliated soybean plants (CK) under high-rainfall conditions. Compared with CK, treatment T1 significantly (p< 0. 05) improved the light transmittance and photosynthetic rate of soybean. Consequently, the leaf greenness was enhanced by 22%, which delayed the leaf senescence by 13% at physiological maturity. Besides, compared to CK, soybean plants achieved the highest values of crop growth rate in T1, which increased the total dry matter accumulation (by 6%) and its translocation to vegetative parts (by 4%) and reproductive parts (by 8%) at physiological maturity. This improved soybean growth and dry matter partitioning to reproductive parts in T1 enhanced the pod number (by 23%, from 823.8 m−2 in CK to 1012.7 m−2 in T1) and seed number (by 11%, from 1181.4 m−2 in CK to 1311.7 m−2 in T1), whereas the heavy defoliation treatments considerably decreased all measured growth and yield parameters. On average, treatment T1 increased soybean seed yield by 9% (from 2120.2 kg ha−1 in CK to 2318.2 kg ha−1 in T1), while T2 and T3 decreased soybean seed yield by 19% and 33%, respectively, compared to CK. Overall, these findings indicate that the optimum defoliation, i.e., T1 (15% defoliation), can decrease leaf redundancy and increase seed yield by reducing the adverse effects of mutual shading and increasing the dry matter translocation to reproductive parts than vegetative parts in soybean, especially under high-rainfall conditions. Future studies are needed to understand the internal signaling and the molecular mechanism controlling and regulating dry matter production and partitioning in soybean, especially from the pod initiation stage to the physiological maturity stage.
Muhammad Raza; Hina Gul; Feng Yang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions. Plants 2021, 10, 1497 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Raza, Hina Gul, Feng Yang, Mukhtar Ahmed, Wenyu Yang. Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions. Plants. 2021; 10 (8):1497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Raza; Hina Gul; Feng Yang; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Growth Rate, Dry Matter Accumulation, and Partitioning in Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Response to Defoliation under High-Rainfall Conditions." Plants 10, no. 8: 1497.
Increasing global population and climate change uncertainties have compelled increased photosynthetic efficiency and yields to ensure food security over the coming decades. Potentially, genetic manipulation and minimization of carbon or energy losses can be ideal to boost photosynthetic efficiency or crop productivity. Despite significant efforts, limited success has been achieved. There is a need for thorough improvement in key photosynthetic limiting factors, such as stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, biochemical capacity combined with Rubisco, the Calvin–Benson cycle, thylakoid membrane electron transport, nonphotochemical quenching, and carbon metabolism or fixation pathways. In addition, the mechanistic basis for the enhancement in photosynthetic adaptation to environmental variables such as light intensity, temperature and elevated CO2 requires further investigation. This review sheds light on strategies to improve plant photosynthesis by targeting these intrinsic photosynthetic limitations and external environmental factors.
Sajad Hussain; Zaid Ulhassan; Marian Brestic; Marek Zivcak; Weijun Zhou; Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev; Xinghong Yang; Muhammad Ehsan Safdar; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu. Photosynthesis research under climate change. Photosynthesis Research 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StyleSajad Hussain, Zaid Ulhassan, Marian Brestic, Marek Zivcak, Weijun Zhou, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Xinghong Yang, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar, Wenyu Yang, Weiguo Liu. Photosynthesis research under climate change. Photosynthesis Research. 2021; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajad Hussain; Zaid Ulhassan; Marian Brestic; Marek Zivcak; Weijun Zhou; Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev; Xinghong Yang; Muhammad Ehsan Safdar; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu. 2021. "Photosynthesis research under climate change." Photosynthesis Research , no. : 1-15.
Fusarium graminearum is the most devastating pathogen of Fusarium head blight of cereals, stalk and ear of maize, and it has recently become a potential threat for soybean as maize-soybean strip relay intercropping is widely practiced in China. To elucidate the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on intercropped soybean which causes root rot, transcriptional profiling of F. graminearum at 12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation (hpi) on soybean hypocotyl tissues was conducted. In total, 2313 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of F. graminearum were annotated by both KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Among them, 128 DEGs were commonly expressed at three inoculation time points while the maximum DEGs were induced at 24 hpi. In addition, DEGs were also rich in carbon metabolism, ribosome and peroxisome pathways which might contribute to carbon source utilization, sexual reproduction, virulence and survival of F. graminearum when infected on soybean. Hence, this study will provide some basis for the deep understanding the pathogenesis mechanism of F. graminearum on different hosts and its effective control in maize-soybean strip relay intercropping systems.
Muhammd Naeem; Maira Munir; Hongju Li; Muhammad Raza; Chun Song; Xiaoling Wu; Gulshan Irshad; Muhammad Khalid; Wenyu Yang; Xiaoli Chang. Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 422 .
AMA StyleMuhammd Naeem, Maira Munir, Hongju Li, Muhammad Raza, Chun Song, Xiaoling Wu, Gulshan Irshad, Muhammad Khalid, Wenyu Yang, Xiaoli Chang. Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (6):422.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammd Naeem; Maira Munir; Hongju Li; Muhammad Raza; Chun Song; Xiaoling Wu; Gulshan Irshad; Muhammad Khalid; Wenyu Yang; Xiaoli Chang. 2021. "Transcriptional Responses of Fusarium graminearum Interacted with Soybean to Cause Root Rot." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 6: 422.
Intercropping improves crop productivity in dryland farms, but little information is available on its application to irrigated land. Therefore, a three-year field trial was conducted to compare two maize-soybean strip-intercropping planting patterns (two-rows of maize intercropped with two-rows of soybean [2M2S] or -three rows of soybean [2M3S]) were studied with sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS) systems. Our results showed that wider-strips of soybean grown as 2M3S had significantly higher leaf area index (LAI; 19%), total dry matter accumulation (TDM; 15%), and grain yield (21%) than the narrower 2M2S strips; this is likely related to the reduced effects of maize shading on soybean. Slightly decreased LAI (4%), TDM (8%), and grain yield (5%) of maize were found in 2M3S. On average, intercropped maize and soybean produced 80% and 52% in 2M2S and 76% and 63% in 2M3S compared to SM and SS yields, respectively, demonstrating the dominance of maize over soybean when intercropped. Similarly, maize was a stronger competitor for water than soybean, with partial water equivalent ratio of 0.81 in 2M2S and 0.78 in 2M3S, while that of soybean was 0.54 in 2M2S and 0.66 in 2M3S. In the intercropping systems, the land equivalent ratio ranged from 1.31 to 1.45, and the water equivalent ratio ranged from 1.32 to 1.49, exhibiting that maize-soybean strip-intercropping is a productive strategy to maximize water use efficiency. The results suggest that the maize-soybean strip-intercropping system may be a productive and sustainable strategy to improve the water use efficiency and land productivity under irrigated conditions. This strategy could benefit agriculture with cleaner, and more efficient production under a global scenario of constrained land and water resources. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of intercropping systems in various growing conditions.
Muhammad Ali Raza; Hina Gul; Jun Wang; Hassan Shehryar Yasin; Ruijun Qin; Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Muhammd Naeem; Ling Yang Feng; Nasir Iqbal; Harun Gitari; Shakeel Ahmad; Martin Battaglia; Muhammad Ansar; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 308, 127282 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Ali Raza, Hina Gul, Jun Wang, Hassan Shehryar Yasin, Ruijun Qin, Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid, Muhammd Naeem, Ling Yang Feng, Nasir Iqbal, Harun Gitari, Shakeel Ahmad, Martin Battaglia, Muhammad Ansar, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang. Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 308 ():127282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ali Raza; Hina Gul; Jun Wang; Hassan Shehryar Yasin; Ruijun Qin; Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid; Muhammd Naeem; Ling Yang Feng; Nasir Iqbal; Harun Gitari; Shakeel Ahmad; Martin Battaglia; Muhammad Ansar; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Land productivity and water use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems in semi-arid areas: A case study in Punjab Province, Pakistan." Journal of Cleaner Production 308, no. : 127282.
Shade is the main growth and yield limiting factor for soybean seedlings in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of titanium (Ti) foliar application on soybean under a maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. In this study, the soybean plants were sprayed with Ti treatments (T0S = 0, T1S = 125, T2S = 250, T3S = 500 and T4S = 1000 mg L−1) under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. The results have indicated that under intercropping environment, Ti application significantly affected the growth of the plants. The soybean plants supplied with Ti treatment (T1S) significantly improved soybean diameter and stem strength at both V5 and R5 stages. Ti application resulted in a significant increase in SPAD values in T1S (i.e. 31.69 % and 21.21 %) and T2S (i.e. 21.55 % and 22.19 %) in comparison to control at both V5 and R5 stage, respectively. Furthermore, foliar application of Ti (T1S) significantly increased photosynthetic rate by 33.15 % and 22.80 % at both V5 and R5 stages. The stomatal conductance (Gs) increased significantly in T1S (44.39 %) and T2S (31.30 %) at the V5 stage and in T1S (29.85 %) at the R5 stage, respectively in comparison to control leading to increase root and shoot biomass in both V5 and R5 stages except for treatment T4S. Analysis of stem anatomical structure, stem strength (lodging resistance), and phosphorus content revealed that foliar application of Ti not only improved the shade tolerance but also increased yield (16–17 %) of soybean under maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. Conclusively, foliar application of Ti could be helpful in mitigating the shade stress and increasing soybean yield under the strip intercropping system.
Sajad Hussain; Iram Shafiq; Muhammad Sohaib Chattha; Maryam Mumtaz; Marian Brestic; Anshu Rastogi; Guopeng Chen; Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. Effect of Ti treatments on growth, photosynthesis, phosphorus uptake and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. Environmental and Experimental Botany 2021, 187, 104476 .
AMA StyleSajad Hussain, Iram Shafiq, Muhammad Sohaib Chattha, Maryam Mumtaz, Marian Brestic, Anshu Rastogi, Guopeng Chen, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Weiguo Liu, Wenyu Yang. Effect of Ti treatments on growth, photosynthesis, phosphorus uptake and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 2021; 187 ():104476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajad Hussain; Iram Shafiq; Muhammad Sohaib Chattha; Maryam Mumtaz; Marian Brestic; Anshu Rastogi; Guopeng Chen; Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Effect of Ti treatments on growth, photosynthesis, phosphorus uptake and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping." Environmental and Experimental Botany 187, no. : 104476.
Maize/soybean relay intercropping system is a popular cultivation system to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, shading by maize decreases the photosynthetically active radiation, reaching the soybean canopy in maize/soybean relay intercropping system, which reduces soybean radiation use efficiency and competitiveness. Here, we reveal that compact maize in maize/soybean relay intercropping system enhances the photosynthetically active radiation transmittance, leaf area index, dry matter production, radiation use efficiency, and competitiveness of soybean and compensates the slight maize yield loss by substantially increasing soybean yield. In this experiment, soybean was relay intercropped with different maize types (SI, spreading maize; SII, semi-compact maize; and SIII, compact maize) in maize/soybean relay intercropping system, and all the relay intercropping treatments were compared with sole cropping systems of soybean and maize. Results revealed that SIII significantly enhanced the soybean radiation use efficiency (by 77%, from 0.35 g MJ−1 in SI to 0.61 g MJ−1 in SIII) and total radiation use efficiency (soybean radiation use efficiency + maize radiation use efficiency) of maize/soybean relay intercropping system (by 5%, from 3.53 g MJ−1 in SI to 3.73 g MJ−1 in SIII). Similarly, SIII improved the competitiveness (by 62%, from 0.58% in SI to 0.94% in SIII) of soybean but reduced the competitiveness (by 38%, from 1.73% in SI to 1.07% in SIII) of maize, which, in turn, considerably increased soybean yield by maintaining maize yield. On average, over the 2 years, in SIII, relay-intercropped soybean produced 89% of the sole soybean yield, and relay-intercropped maize produced 95% of the sole maize yield. Besides, treatment SIII achieved the mean highest land equivalent ratio value of 1.84 in both years. Thus, enhanced radiation use efficiency of soybean, especially during the co-growth period, was the primary factor responsible for the high productivity of the maize/soybean relay intercropping system.
Muhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Imran Khan; Atta Mohi Ud Din; Guopeng Chen; Muhammad Ansar; Mukhtar Ahmed; Shakeel Ahmad; Abdul Manaf; John Kwame Titriku; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 41135 -41148.
AMA StyleMuhammad Ali Raza, Liang Cui, Imran Khan, Atta Mohi Ud Din, Guopeng Chen, Muhammad Ansar, Mukhtar Ahmed, Shakeel Ahmad, Abdul Manaf, John Kwame Titriku, Ghulam Abbas Shah, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang. Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (30):41135-41148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Imran Khan; Atta Mohi Ud Din; Guopeng Chen; Muhammad Ansar; Mukhtar Ahmed; Shakeel Ahmad; Abdul Manaf; John Kwame Titriku; Ghulam Abbas Shah; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Compact maize canopy improves radiation use efficiency and grain yield of maize/soybean relay intercropping system." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 30: 41135-41148.
Intercropping of two or more crop species increases the efficiency of resource use and often produces a greater yield per unit land area. The relative efficiency of intercropping depends on row configuration, but there is a shortage of modelling-based evaluation of alternative intercropping options due to the inadequacy of standard process-based crop models to simulate resource capture, growth and yield formation when the canopy is spatially structured in strips. We implemented a light interception model for strip crops into the APSIM Classic model and combined it with a quasi-Bayesian approach to derive the model parameters to simulate crop growth and grain yield in maize-soybean strip intercropping. We used 4 years of field data for 5 different row configurations to derive key model parameters for simulation of light interception, LAI dynamics, biomass growth and grain yield of maize and soybean intercrops. Key model parameters (e.g. RUE, k etc.) were found to change with row-spacing and configuration, posing challenges to simulate different configurations with a single parameter set. The potential ranges of these key parameters were derived by constraining the model to observed data. The model can be potentially used to evaluate impact of planting configurations on productivity of strip intercropping systems, but the variability of key model parameters among configuration treatments calls for further in-depth research to improve modelling physiology of strip intercrops.
Yushan Wu; Di He; Enli Wang; Xin Liu; Neil I. Huth; Zhigan Zhao; Wanzhuo Gong; Feng Yang; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Jiang Liu; Weiguo Liu; Junbo Du; Tian Pu; Chunyan Liu; Liang Yu; Wopke van der Werf; Wenyu Yang. Modelling soybean and maize growth and grain yield in strip intercropping systems with different row configurations. Field Crops Research 2021, 265, 108122 .
AMA StyleYushan Wu, Di He, Enli Wang, Xin Liu, Neil I. Huth, Zhigan Zhao, Wanzhuo Gong, Feng Yang, Xiaochun Wang, Taiwen Yong, Jiang Liu, Weiguo Liu, Junbo Du, Tian Pu, Chunyan Liu, Liang Yu, Wopke van der Werf, Wenyu Yang. Modelling soybean and maize growth and grain yield in strip intercropping systems with different row configurations. Field Crops Research. 2021; 265 ():108122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYushan Wu; Di He; Enli Wang; Xin Liu; Neil I. Huth; Zhigan Zhao; Wanzhuo Gong; Feng Yang; Xiaochun Wang; Taiwen Yong; Jiang Liu; Weiguo Liu; Junbo Du; Tian Pu; Chunyan Liu; Liang Yu; Wopke van der Werf; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Modelling soybean and maize growth and grain yield in strip intercropping systems with different row configurations." Field Crops Research 265, no. : 108122.
Belowground and aboveground interactions are important in increasing yield and nutrient-use efficiency in intercropping. However, how the yield and P-use efficiency respond to shoot-root interactions in intercropping remains unknown. Maize in mono- and intercropping was grown under field conditions (regosol soil, initial Olsen-P 12.6 mg kg−1) with P supply of 0 and 35 kg P ha yr-1 (P0 and P35, respectively) for 3 years. Compared with monocropping, intercropping significantly increased grain yield (by 13.9 %) and plant P-use efficiency (45.1 %), which might be attributed to increasing light interception during the post-silking period. Both sufficient P supply (P35 treatment) and increased light interception delayed leaf senescence through minimizing the degradation of chlorophyll and remobilisation of P as well as increasing the expression of ZmSee2β gene that influences leaf longevity. Increased light interception associated with enhanced leaf longevity increased the duration of photosynthesis, which provided assimilates not only for achieving yield potential, but also for maintaining root growth. It is suggested that sucrose translocated to roots serves as a substrate for root growth and improves P uptake to satisfy the nutrient demand of expanding shoots. This work contributed to understanding of the resource-use efficiency in intercropping as regulated by shoot-root interactions.
Tao Zhou; Li Wang; Xin Sun; Xiaochun Wang; Tian Pu; Huan Yang; Zed Rengel; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. Improved post-silking light interception increases yield and P-use efficiency of maize in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping. Field Crops Research 2021, 262, 108054 .
AMA StyleTao Zhou, Li Wang, Xin Sun, Xiaochun Wang, Tian Pu, Huan Yang, Zed Rengel, Weiguo Liu, Wenyu Yang. Improved post-silking light interception increases yield and P-use efficiency of maize in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping. Field Crops Research. 2021; 262 ():108054.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao Zhou; Li Wang; Xin Sun; Xiaochun Wang; Tian Pu; Huan Yang; Zed Rengel; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. 2021. "Improved post-silking light interception increases yield and P-use efficiency of maize in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping." Field Crops Research 262, no. : 108054.
Maize/soybean relay intercropping system (MSR) is a popular cultivation method to obtain high yields of both crops with reduced inputs. However, in MSR, the effects of different strip widths on competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species are still unclear. Therefore, in a two-year field experiment, soybean was relay-intercropped with maize in three different strip-width arrangements (narrow-strips, 180 cm; medium-strips, 200 cm; and wide-strips, 220 cm), and all intercropping results were compared with sole maize (SM) and sole soybean (SS). Results showed that the optimum strip-width for obtaining high grain yields of maize and soybean was 200 cm (medium-strips), which improved the competitive-ability of soybean by maintaining the competitive-ability of maize in MSR. On average, maize and soybean produced 98% and 77% of SM and SS yield, respectively, in medium-strips. The improved grain yields of intercrop species in medium-strips increased the total grain yield of MSR by 15% and land equivalent ratio by 22%, which enhanced the net-income of medium-strips (by 99%, from 620 US $ ha−1 in wide-strips to 1233 US $ ha−1 in medium-strips). Overall, these findings imply that following the optimum strip-width in MSR, i. e., strip-width of 200 cm, grain yields, and competitive interactions of intercrop species can be improved.
Muhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Ruijun Qin; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -12.
AMA StyleMuhammad Ali Raza, Liang Cui, Ruijun Qin, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang. Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ali Raza; Liang Cui; Ruijun Qin; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Strip-width determines competitive strengths and grain yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-12.
Black soybean seed (BSS) is a traditional edible and medical food. The cotyledons of BSS are either yellow or green, but that difference's effect on functional and bioactivities are not clear. In the present study, the concentrations of the main functional components, including anthocyanins, isoflavones, fatty acids, protein, and polysaccharides, and in vitro antioxidant activities of yellow-cotyledon and green-cotyledon BSS (YBS and GBS, respectively) were compared. The anti-fatigue activities of the ethanol extract of BSS (EEB) were evaluated using mouse swimming endurance tests. Additionally, a metabolomics comparison between YBS and GBS was done using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS) on high doses of EEB-treated mouse plasma. The results indicated that YBS showed significantly higher contents of anthocyanin and protein, and stronger antioxidant activity and anti-fatigue activity than GBS; while GBS showed higher levels of isoflavone, stearic acid, and polysaccharide. By infusing the feed with EEB, the swimming time of mice increased in a dose-dependent manner. The metabolomics results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of EEB correlated well with serotonin and melatonin biosynthesis in vivo. All of the above results showed that BSS has anti-fatigue potential and might be used as a potential source of functional food ingredients.
Cai-Qiong Yang; Lu Zheng; Hai-Jun Wu; Zhong-Kai Zhu; Yuan-Feng Zou; Jun-Cai Deng; Wen-Ting Qin; Jing Zhang; Xiao-Chun Wang; Wen-Yu Yang; Jiang Liu. Yellow- and green-cotyledon seeds of black soybean: Phytochemical and bioactive differences determine edibility and medical applications. Food Bioscience 2020, 39, 100842 .
AMA StyleCai-Qiong Yang, Lu Zheng, Hai-Jun Wu, Zhong-Kai Zhu, Yuan-Feng Zou, Jun-Cai Deng, Wen-Ting Qin, Jing Zhang, Xiao-Chun Wang, Wen-Yu Yang, Jiang Liu. Yellow- and green-cotyledon seeds of black soybean: Phytochemical and bioactive differences determine edibility and medical applications. Food Bioscience. 2020; 39 ():100842.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai-Qiong Yang; Lu Zheng; Hai-Jun Wu; Zhong-Kai Zhu; Yuan-Feng Zou; Jun-Cai Deng; Wen-Ting Qin; Jing Zhang; Xiao-Chun Wang; Wen-Yu Yang; Jiang Liu. 2020. "Yellow- and green-cotyledon seeds of black soybean: Phytochemical and bioactive differences determine edibility and medical applications." Food Bioscience 39, no. : 100842.
Under natural conditions, plants constantly encounter various biotic and abiotic factors, which can potentially restrict plant growth and development and even limit crop productivity. Among various abiotic factors affecting plant photosynthesis, light serves as an important factor that drives carbon metabolism in plants and supports life on earth. The two components of light (light quality and light intensity) greatly affect plant photosynthesis and other plant’s morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. The response of plants to different spectral radiations and intensities differs in various species and also depends on growing conditions. To date, much research has been conducted regarding how different spectral radiations of varying intensity can affect plant growth and development. This review is an effort to briefly summarize the available information on the effects of light components on various plant parameters such as stem and leaf morphology and anatomy, stomatal development, photosynthetic apparatus, pigment composition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidants, and hormone production.
Iram Shafiq; Sajad Hussain; Muhammad Ali Raza; Nasir Iqbal; Muhammad Ahsan Asghar; Ali Raza; Yuan-Fang Fan; Maryam Mumtaz; Muhammad Shoaib; Muhammad Ansar; Abdul Manaf; Wen-Yu Yang; Feng Yang. Crop photosynthetic response to light quality and light intensity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020, 20, 4 -23.
AMA StyleIram Shafiq, Sajad Hussain, Muhammad Ali Raza, Nasir Iqbal, Muhammad Ahsan Asghar, Ali Raza, Yuan-Fang Fan, Maryam Mumtaz, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Ansar, Abdul Manaf, Wen-Yu Yang, Feng Yang. Crop photosynthetic response to light quality and light intensity. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2020; 20 (1):4-23.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIram Shafiq; Sajad Hussain; Muhammad Ali Raza; Nasir Iqbal; Muhammad Ahsan Asghar; Ali Raza; Yuan-Fang Fan; Maryam Mumtaz; Muhammad Shoaib; Muhammad Ansar; Abdul Manaf; Wen-Yu Yang; Feng Yang. 2020. "Crop photosynthetic response to light quality and light intensity." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 20, no. 1: 4-23.
An experiment was set up to investigate physiological responses of soybeans to silicon (Si) under normal light and shade conditions. Two soybean varieties, Nandou 12 (shade resistant), and Nan 032-4 (shade susceptible), were tested. Our results revealed that under shading, the net assimilation rate and the plant growth were significantly reduced. However, foliar application of Si under normal light and shading significantly improved the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and decreased intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The net photosynthetic rate of Nandou 12 under normal light and shading increased by 46.4% and 33.3% respectively with Si treatment (200 mg kg-1) compared to controls. Si application also enhanced chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, fresh weight, root length, root surface area, root volume, root-shoot ratio, and root dry weight under both conditions. Si application significantly increased the accumulation of some carbohydrates such as soluble sugar and sucrose in stems and leaves ensuring better stem strength under both conditions. Si application significantly increased the yield by increasing the number of effective pods per plant, the number of beans per plant and the weight of beans per plant. After Si treatment, the yield increased 24.5% under mono-cropping, and 17.41% under intercropping. Thus, Si is very effective in alleviating the stress effects of shading in intercropped soybeans by increasing the photosynthetic efficiency and lodging resistance.
Sajad Hussain; Maryam Mumtaz; Sumaira Manzoor; Li Shuxian; Irshan Ahmed; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Anshu Rastogi; Zaid Ulhassan; Iram Shafiq; Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev; Haris Khurshid; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu. Foliar application of silicon improves growth of soybean by enhancing carbon metabolism under shading conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2020, 159, 43 -52.
AMA StyleSajad Hussain, Maryam Mumtaz, Sumaira Manzoor, Li Shuxian, Irshan Ahmed, Milan Skalicky, Marian Brestic, Anshu Rastogi, Zaid Ulhassan, Iram Shafiq, Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev, Haris Khurshid, Wenyu Yang, Weiguo Liu. Foliar application of silicon improves growth of soybean by enhancing carbon metabolism under shading conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 159 ():43-52.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajad Hussain; Maryam Mumtaz; Sumaira Manzoor; Li Shuxian; Irshan Ahmed; Milan Skalicky; Marian Brestic; Anshu Rastogi; Zaid Ulhassan; Iram Shafiq; Suleyman I. Allakhverdiev; Haris Khurshid; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu. 2020. "Foliar application of silicon improves growth of soybean by enhancing carbon metabolism under shading conditions." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 159, no. : 43-52.
Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.
Ali Raza; Muhammad Ahsan Asghar; Bushra Ahmad; Cheng Bin; M. Iftikhar Hussain; Wang Li; Tauseef Iqbal; Muhammad Yaseen; Iram Shafiq; Zhang Yi; Irshan Ahmad; Wenyu Yang; Liu Weiguo. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review. Plants 2020, 9, 1592 .
AMA StyleAli Raza, Muhammad Ahsan Asghar, Bushra Ahmad, Cheng Bin, M. Iftikhar Hussain, Wang Li, Tauseef Iqbal, Muhammad Yaseen, Iram Shafiq, Zhang Yi, Irshan Ahmad, Wenyu Yang, Liu Weiguo. Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Raza; Muhammad Ahsan Asghar; Bushra Ahmad; Cheng Bin; M. Iftikhar Hussain; Wang Li; Tauseef Iqbal; Muhammad Yaseen; Iram Shafiq; Zhang Yi; Irshan Ahmad; Wenyu Yang; Liu Weiguo. 2020. "Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review." Plants 9, no. 11: 1592.
In this study, soybean root distribution in an inter-cropping system was influenced by various environmental and biotic cues. However, it is still unknown how root development and distribution in inter-cropping responds to aboveground light conditions. Herein, soybeans were inter- and monocropped with P (phosphorus) treatments of 0 and 20 kg P ha yr−1 (P0 and P20, respectively) in field experiment over 4 years. In 2019, a pot experiment was conducted as the supplement to the field experiment. Shade from sowing to V5 (Five trifoliolates unroll) and light (SL) was used to imitate the light condition of soybeans in a relay trip inter-cropping system, while light then shade from V5 to maturity (LS) was used to imitate the light condition of soybeans when monocropped. Compared to monocropping, P uptake and root distribution in the upper 0–15 cm soil layer increased when inter-cropped. Inter-cropped soybeans suffered serious shade by maize during a common-growth period, which resulted in the inhibition of primary root growth and a modified auxin synthesis center and response. During the solo-existing period, plant photosynthetic capacity and sucrose accumulation increased under ameliorated light in SL (shade-light). Increased light during the reproductive stage significantly decreased leaf P concentration in SL under both P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Transcripts of a P starvation response gene (GmPHR25) in leaves and genes (GmEXPB2) involved in root growth were upregulated by ameliorated light during the reproductive stage. Furthermore, during the reproductive stage, more light interception increased the auxin concentration and expression of GmYUCCA14 (encoding the auxin synthesis) and GmTIR1C (auxin receptor) in roots. Across the field and pot experiments, increased lateral root growth and shallower root distribution were associated with inhibited primary root growth during the seedling stage and ameliorated light conditions in the reproductive stage. Consequently, this improved topsoil foraging and P uptake of inter-cropped soybeans. It is suggested that the various light conditions (shade-light) mediating leaf P status and sucrose transport can regulate auxin synthesis and respond to root formation and distribution.
Li Wang; Tao Zhou; Bin Cheng; Yongli Du; Sisi Qin; Yang Gao; Mei Xu; Junji Lu; Ting Liu; Shuxian Li; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. Variable Light Condition Improves Root Distribution Shallowness and P Uptake of Soybean in Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System. Plants 2020, 9, 1204 .
AMA StyleLi Wang, Tao Zhou, Bin Cheng, Yongli Du, Sisi Qin, Yang Gao, Mei Xu, Junji Lu, Ting Liu, Shuxian Li, Weiguo Liu, Wenyu Yang. Variable Light Condition Improves Root Distribution Shallowness and P Uptake of Soybean in Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System. Plants. 2020; 9 (9):1204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Wang; Tao Zhou; Bin Cheng; Yongli Du; Sisi Qin; Yang Gao; Mei Xu; Junji Lu; Ting Liu; Shuxian Li; Weiguo Liu; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Variable Light Condition Improves Root Distribution Shallowness and P Uptake of Soybean in Maize/Soybean Relay Strip Intercropping System." Plants 9, no. 9: 1204.
The impact of increased shading stress on agronomic traits, photosynthetic performance and antioxidants activities in leaves of two soybeans cultivars (D16 and E93) was studied. Soybean seedlings were grown in pots and exposed to no shade (S0), slight shade (S1), moderate shade (S2), and heavy shade (S3). Our findings showed that under the S3 in both cultivars, leaf fresh weight (LFW), specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf thickness decreased significantly, accompanied by a reduction in photochemical parameters including the maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR). Furthermore, compared to S0, S1 significantly increased the ETR, sucrose content and the activity of catalase (CAT) in both D16 and E93 cultivars while S2 and S3 decreased the activity. However, under all treatments of shading stress, the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were lowered in both cultivars. Such morphological and physiological plasticity to adapt S1 compensates for the decrease in biomass and leads to seed weight compared to that obtained with an amount of normal light. Through configuring the space in the intercropping systems, S1 could be helpful for optimum growth and yield. Redesigning photosynthesis through S1 for the intercropping systems could be a smart approach.
Bing-Xiao Wen; Sajad Hussain; Jia-Yue Yang; Shan Wang; Yi Zhang; Si-Si Qin; Mei Xu; Wen-Yu Yang; Wei-Guo Liu. Rejuvenating soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development through slight shading stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020, 19, 2439 -2450.
AMA StyleBing-Xiao Wen, Sajad Hussain, Jia-Yue Yang, Shan Wang, Yi Zhang, Si-Si Qin, Mei Xu, Wen-Yu Yang, Wei-Guo Liu. Rejuvenating soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development through slight shading stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2020; 19 (10):2439-2450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBing-Xiao Wen; Sajad Hussain; Jia-Yue Yang; Shan Wang; Yi Zhang; Si-Si Qin; Mei Xu; Wen-Yu Yang; Wei-Guo Liu. 2020. "Rejuvenating soybean (Glycine max L.) growth and development through slight shading stress." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 19, no. 10: 2439-2450.
The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.
Bin Cheng; Ali Raza; Li Wang; Mei Xu; Junji Lu; Yang Gao; Sisi Qin; Yi Zhang; Irshan Ahmad; Tao Zhou; Bingxiao Wen; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu. Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1177 .
AMA StyleBin Cheng, Ali Raza, Li Wang, Mei Xu, Junji Lu, Yang Gao, Sisi Qin, Yi Zhang, Irshan Ahmad, Tao Zhou, Bingxiao Wen, Wenyu Yang, Weiguo Liu. Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (8):1177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBin Cheng; Ali Raza; Li Wang; Mei Xu; Junji Lu; Yang Gao; Sisi Qin; Yi Zhang; Irshan Ahmad; Tao Zhou; Bingxiao Wen; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu. 2020. "Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem." Agronomy 10, no. 8: 1177.
The border row crop in strip intercropped maize is often exposed to heterogeneous light conditions, resulting in increased photosynthesis and yield decreased. Previous studies have focused on photosynthetic productivity, whereas carbon allocation could also be one of the major causes of decreased yield. However, carbon distribution remains unclear in partially shaded conditions. In the present study, we applied heterogeneous light conditions (T), and one side of plants was shaded (T-30%), keeping the other side fully exposed to light (T-100%), as compared to control plants that were exposed entirely to full-light (CK). Dry weight, carbon assimilation, 13C abundance, and transport tissue structure were analyzed to clarify the carbon distribution in partial shading of plants. T caused a marked decline in dry weight and harvest index (HI), whereas dry weight in unshaded and shaded leaves did not differ. Net photosynthesis rate (Pn), the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase enzymes (SPS), and sucrose concentration increased in unshaded leaves. Appropriately, 5.7% of the 13C from unshaded leaves was transferred to shaded leaves. Furthermore, plasmodesma density in the unshaded (T-100%) and shaded (T-30%) leaves in T was not significantly different but was lower than that of CK. Similarly, the vascular bundle total area of T was decreased. 13C transfer from unshaded leaves to ear in T was decreased by 18.0% compared with that in CK. Moreover, 13C and sucrose concentration of stem in T were higher than those in CK. Our results suggested that, under heterogeneous light, shaded leaves as a sink imported the carbohydrates from the unshaded leaves. Ear and shaded leaf competed for carbohydrates, and were not conducive to tissue structure of sucrose transport, resulting in a decrease in the carbon proportion in the ear, harvest index, and ear weight.
Guopeng Chen; Hong Chen; Kai Shi; Muhammad Ali Raza; George Bawa; Xin Sun; Tian Pu; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang; Xiaochun Wang. Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears. Plants 2020, 9, 987 .
AMA StyleGuopeng Chen, Hong Chen, Kai Shi, Muhammad Ali Raza, George Bawa, Xin Sun, Tian Pu, Taiwen Yong, Weiguo Liu, Jiang Liu, Junbo Du, Feng Yang, Wenyu Yang, Xiaochun Wang. Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):987.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuopeng Chen; Hong Chen; Kai Shi; Muhammad Ali Raza; George Bawa; Xin Sun; Tian Pu; Taiwen Yong; Weiguo Liu; Jiang Liu; Junbo Du; Feng Yang; Wenyu Yang; Xiaochun Wang. 2020. "Heterogeneous Light Conditions Reduce the Assimilate Translocation Towards Maize Ears." Plants 9, no. 8: 987.
Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.
Yingzeng Yang; Chuan Zheng; Umashankar Chandrasekaran; Liang Yu; Chunyan Liu; Tian Pu; Xiaochun Wang; Junbo Du; Jiang Liu; Feng Yang; Taiwen Yong; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu; Kai Shu. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Plants 2020, 9, 937 .
AMA StyleYingzeng Yang, Chuan Zheng, Umashankar Chandrasekaran, Liang Yu, Chunyan Liu, Tian Pu, Xiaochun Wang, Junbo Du, Jiang Liu, Feng Yang, Taiwen Yong, Wenyu Yang, Weiguo Liu, Kai Shu. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):937.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYingzeng Yang; Chuan Zheng; Umashankar Chandrasekaran; Liang Yu; Chunyan Liu; Tian Pu; Xiaochun Wang; Junbo Du; Jiang Liu; Feng Yang; Taiwen Yong; Wenyu Yang; Weiguo Liu; Kai Shu. 2020. "Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid." Plants 9, no. 8: 937.
Intraspecific competition for light affects nutrient uptake of maize, especially during the seed filling phase (from the blistering-stage to physiological-maturity). Partial leaf removal only affects the top leaves and improves the light-environment, which could then enhance nutrient uptake during the seed filling phase. However, there is a shortage of quantitative information on the yield effects of such a management measure. A 3-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of different leaf removal treatments (no removal of leaves (D0: control), removal of two leaves (D2), removal of four leaves (D4), and removal of six leaves (D6) from maize-canopy) on total dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake at the blistering-stage and physiological-maturity, plus seed number per plant, seed weight, and seed yield at physiological maturity. Compared to D0, at physiological-maturity, D2 significantly increased total dry matter accumulation (by 9%), and uptake of nitrogen (by 5%), phosphorus (by 10%), and potassium (by 4%); while excessive leaf removal treatments considerably reduced dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake. Importantly, during the seed filling phase of maize, treatment D2 significantly enhanced the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by 76%, 40%, and 65%, respectively, compared to control. Treatment D2 increased seed number per plant (by 6.4%, from 448 under D0 to 477 in D2) and seed weight (by 5.7%). Relative to control, maize in D2 had 12%, 14%, and 11%, higher seed-yields in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively, and it also improved the economic profit when taking into account labor costs. Graphical representation of changes in light transmittance, photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, carbohydrate, and dry matter accumulation in maize plants as affected by different leaf removal treatments. Treatment codes represent no defoliation (D0: control), removal of two leaves (D2), removal of four leaves (D4), and removal of six leaves (D6) from the top of maize canopy. Yellow and green arrows show the light environment and leaf area of maize plants. The black arrows represent the regulating directions of leaf removal treatments on maize growth and development in this paper. The graphical abstract clearly demonstrates the significant improvement of optimum leaf removal treatment (D2) as compared to control (D0). The red and blue arrows show the relevant increase and decrease of the mentioned components between the optimal leaf removal and control.
Muhammad Ali Raza; Wopke Van Der Werf; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. Removing top leaves increases yield and nutrient uptake in maize plants. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 2020, 118, 1 -17.
AMA StyleMuhammad Ali Raza, Wopke Van Der Werf, Mukhtar Ahmed, Wenyu Yang. Removing top leaves increases yield and nutrient uptake in maize plants. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 2020; 118 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Ali Raza; Wopke Van Der Werf; Mukhtar Ahmed; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Removing top leaves increases yield and nutrient uptake in maize plants." Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 118, no. 1: 1-17.
Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping has been widely practiced in Southwest China due to its high productivity and effective application of agricultural resources; however, several seedborne diseases such as seedling blight, pod and seed decay are frequently observed causing severe yield loss and low seed quality. So far, the population and pathogenicity of the seedborne fungi associated with intercropped soybean remain unexplored. In this study, seeds of 12 soybean cultivars screened for intercropping were collected from three growing regions in Sichuan Province of Southwest China, and the seedborne fungi were isolated from the surface-sterilized seeds. Based on sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA ITS), 148 isolates were identified into 13 fungal genera, among which Fusarium covered 55.0% as the biggest population followed by Colletotrichum. Furthermore, Fusarium isolates were classified into five distinct species comprising F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum, F. verticillioides, F. asiaticum and F. incarnatum through sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α) and DNA-directed RNA ploymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2). Among them, F. fujikuroi accounted for 51.22% (42/82) and was isolated from 91.7% (11/12) soybean varieties. Pathogenicity assay showed that five Fusarium species were able to infect the seeds of soybean cultivar “Nandou12” and caused water-soaked or rot symptoms, while F. fujikuroi and F. asiaticum had much higher aggressiveness than other species with significant reductions of seed fresh weight and germination percentage. Accordingly, this study indicates that Fusarium species are the dominant seedborne fungi in the intercropped soybean in Sichuan, China, and this provides some useful references for the effective management of seedborne fungal diseases as well as soybean resistance breeding in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping.
Xiaoli Chang; Hongju Li; Muhammd Naeem; Xiaoling Wu; Taiwen Yong; Chun Song; Taiguo Liu; Wanquan Chen; Wenyu Yang. Diversity of the Seedborne Fungi and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Intercropped Soybean. Pathogens 2020, 9, 531 .
AMA StyleXiaoli Chang, Hongju Li, Muhammd Naeem, Xiaoling Wu, Taiwen Yong, Chun Song, Taiguo Liu, Wanquan Chen, Wenyu Yang. Diversity of the Seedborne Fungi and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Intercropped Soybean. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (7):531.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoli Chang; Hongju Li; Muhammd Naeem; Xiaoling Wu; Taiwen Yong; Chun Song; Taiguo Liu; Wanquan Chen; Wenyu Yang. 2020. "Diversity of the Seedborne Fungi and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Intercropped Soybean." Pathogens 9, no. 7: 531.