The purpose of the present study was to compare the results of various types of anchor applications with or without augmentation in both osteopenic and severely osteoporotic bone models. Two different types of suture anchors were tested in severely osteoporotic (SOP) and osteopenic polyurethane (PU) foam blocks using an established protocol. An Instron machine applied static loading parallel to the axis of insertion until failure, and the mean anchor failure strengths were calculated. The mode of failure (anchor pullout, suture tear) was recorded. The anchors tested included the Corkscrew® (CS) (Arthrex Inc., Naples, FL, USA) (without augmentation, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)-augmented, and bioabsorbable tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cement-augmented) and Corkscrew® FT II (CS FT II) 5.5 mm (without augmentation as used routinely). The mean failure loads for both SOP and osteopenic PU foam blocks, respectively, were as follows: CS, 16.2 and 212.4 N; CS with TCP, 75.2 and 396 N; CS with PMMA, 101.2 and 528.8 N; CS FT II, 13.8 and 339.8 N. Augmentation of CS with TCP or PMMA would be essential to SOP bones. In the osteopenic bone model, although anchor fixation augmented with PMMA is the best fixation method, CS augmented with TCP cement or CS FT II without any need for augmentation may also be used as an alternative.

Liquid level control is needed in many areas, from simple to complex, from daily life to industry. With the developed system in this study, it was aimed to ensure the students of the control system course to learn the concepts of a closed-loop control system and to observe the effect of changes in the system in real-time. The system consists of two tanks, a pump, a pressure sensor, a power supply, a regulated voltage source, a computer, and an Arduino Due board. By using the Matlab/Simulink and added Arduino blocks, software of the control system was created without code need. It is possible to control the liquid level system via the control board through the computer, as well as to control it without a computer by the embedded software. Liquid level control is carried out with different types of control methods from basic level to advanced level (On-off, PID, ANN-PID, and Fuzzy-PID controller). It is also possible to record the desired parameters in real-time, such as reference level, actual level, error signal, and control signal, in the liquid level control system. In this study, an interface for a PID controller was prepared using Matlab/Gui. It was concluded that with Matlab/Simulink blocks added to the system, different control methods could be applied easily.

Reverse engineering methods are important for remodeling or measuring damaged or non-damaged parts. Reverse engineering also enables the design of complex components, reducing actual product production time and prototype production time. With this method, damaged gear wheels can be modeled in a short time due to the regular geometry and symmetrical properties of the teeth and it is real models can be produced. In this study, the damaged motor cam gear was scanned with a three dimensional (3D) scanner and a mesh model was formed. Then, solid model of part was created and genuine prototype was produced with 3D printer. The deviations of geometric dimensions between the mesh model and the solid model were analyzed and the levels of convergence were determined. The three-dimensional prototyping method provides great convenience for the designer due to it gives quick feedback in product development process. At the end of the study, geometric values between solid model and prototype model were compared and deviations from actual value were determined.