This study aimed to formulate burgers made from three Amazonian fish species: pacu (Pyaractus brachypomus), boquichico (Prochilodus nigricans), and bujurqui (Chaetobranchus flavescens), focusing on sodium reduction and fortification with fish oil microparticles (FOM) rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The proximal composition, sodium and calcium content, instrumental texture profile, fatty acid profile, sensory profile, and overall liking were evaluated. Differences in proximal composition and fatty acid profiles between the fillets were reflected in the burgers. Fortification with FOM increased EPA and DHA in the burgers; thus, they can be considered “high in omega-3 fatty acids” and reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio below 4. There were sensory attributes that could be related to lipid oxidation but reduced overall liking for less than 10% of consumers. Nevertheless, certain sensory attributes (grilled, characteristic, aromatic, tasty, tender, and juicy) had a positive impact on the overall liking of more than 20% of consumers, yielding adequate scores (between 5.60 and 5.71) on the 9-point hedonic scale. The production process must be optimized by knowing the fish fillet quality in depth, improving the FOM and burgers’ oxidative stability, and achieving an adequate sensory and hedonic profile by employing consumers’ vocabulary to characterize new products.

Background/Objectives: Soccer involves high physiological demands that induce neuromuscular fatigue, muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress, impairing recovery between training sessions and competitions. Polyphenols have been proposed as a nutritional strategy to modulate these responses; however, evidence in soccer players is limited and heterogeneous. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effects of polyphenol supplementation on post-exercise recovery in adult male soccer players. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, with a protocol registered in the Open Science Framework. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating polyphenol supplementation versus placebo on post-exercise recovery in adult soccer players were included. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2026. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and certainty of evidence using GRADE. Due to heterogeneity, a qualitative synthesis was conducted. Results: Eight RCTs were included. Interventions involved tart cherry juice, pomegranate juice, beetroot juice, curcumin, and tea extracts. Evidence was inconsistent for biomarkers of muscle damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress, with most studies reporting no significant differences versus placebo. In contrast, beneficial trends for perceptual outcomes, particularly reduced muscle soreness and improved subjective well-being, were mainly observed in studies using tart cherry juice, beetroot juice, and curcumin. Evidence for oxidative stress and functional recovery was limited and heterogeneous. Certainty of evidence was low for most outcomes and very low for oxidative stress and functional recovery. Conclusions: Polyphenol supplementation, particularly tart cherry juice, beetroot juice, and curcumin, may improve perceptual recovery in adult male soccer players, particularly by reducing muscle soreness and enhancing subjective well-being. However, evidence on physiological biomarkers and functional recovery remains inconsistent and of low certainty. Further well-designed RCTs are required to establish robust recommendations in competitive soccer.

Introduction: Childhood obesity represents a major public health priority, and parent-focused educational interventions have been proposed as a strategy to improve dietary habits and prevent excess weight among schoolchildren. However, evidence regarding their impact on behavioral and anthropometric outcomes remains heterogeneous, particularly in Latin American settings. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a parent-oriented nutrition education program on parental nutrition knowledge, dietary habits, and the nutritional status of schoolchildren with excess weight. Methods: A randomized controlled experimental study was conducted in a public educational institution in Peru. From a total population of 411 schoolchildren, a population-based screening was performed to identify those with excess weight; of the 198 children assessed, 64 met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group or a control group. The educational program consisted of theoretical sessions, practical workshops, and home-based reinforcement over a three-month period. Outcomes included parental nutrition knowledge, children’s dietary habits, and body mass index-for-age Z-score according to sex. Longitudinal analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects regression models. Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in parental nutrition knowledge compared with the control group (β = 5.65; 95% CI: 2.25–9.06; p = 0.002). No significant effects of the program were observed on dietary habits or BMI-for-age Z-score (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The nutrition education program significantly improved parental nutrition knowledge but did not lead to short-term changes in dietary habits or nutritional status among schoolchildren. These findings highlight the need for longer-term and multicomponent interventions to achieve meaningful behavioral and anthropometric changes.

Introduction: Circadian misalignment has been proposed as a potential determinant of cardiometabolic risk. Chronotype, as an expression of individual circadian organization, has been associated with unfavorable metabolic profiles; however, the role of total and central adiposity as potential mediating mechanisms in this relationship remains incompletely understood. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between chronotype and cardiometabolic risk in adults and to evaluate the potential mediating role of body fat percentage (BF%) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Methods: An observational study was conducted in 1462 adults from the general population. Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and cardiometabolic risk was evaluated using a continuous cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) derived from waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and total cholesterol (TC). Multiple linear regression models adjusted for covariates were used to examine the association between chronotype and CMRS, and hierarchical regression was performed to estimate the incremental contribution of adiposity indicators. Mediation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro (Model 4) with 95% bootstrap confidence intervals. Results: Chronotype was independently associated with CMRS after adjustment for covariates (β = 0.055; p = 0.030), although the effect size and explained variance were small. In hierarchical regression analysis, the inclusion of chronotype explained a small but significant increase in CMRS variance (ΔR² = 0.003; p = 0.030). The addition of adiposity indicators significantly increased the explained variance (ΔR² = 0.014; p < 0.001), with WHtR emerging as the most relevant predictor in the final model. Bootstrap mediation analysis did not reveal significant indirect effects of BF% or WHtR on the relationship between chronotype and CMRS. In sensitivity analyses excluding waist circumference from the CMRS, the association between chronotype and cardiometabolic risk was no longer significant (β = −0.001; p = 0.974). Conclusions: Chronotype showed a modest association with cardiometabolic risk in the primary analysis. However, sensitivity analyses indicated that this association may partly depend on the inclusion of waist circumference within the composite cardiometabolic risk score. These findings highlight the central role of abdominal adiposity in cardiometabolic health and suggest that the relationship between chronotype and cardiometabolic risk should be interpreted with caution.

Introduction: Most studies evaluating low-carbohydrate diets in resistance-trained individuals have focused on short-term ketogenic interventions. Whether habitual carbohydrate intake maintained under free-living conditions is associated with body composition and muscle strength remains unclear. Therefore, this study compared body composition and maximal isometric strength between recreationally resistance-trained men with a habitual low or normal carbohydrate intake. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 53 recreationally resistance-trained men aged 18–35 years. Habitual dietary intake was assessed using three non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Participants were classified as having low (<3 g/kg/day; n = 28) or normal (3–5 g/kg/day; n = 25) carbohydrate intake; participants also reported maintaining their respective dietary pattern for at least three months. Body composition was estimated using the Ross and Kerr anthropometric model, whereas fat mass was calculated using the Martin equation. Maximal isometric handgrip and knee extension strength were also assessed. Between-group comparisons were performed using Welch’s t-test or the Mann–Whitney U test, and multiple linear regression models were adjusted for age, height, and relative energy intake. Sensitivity analyses were additionally adjusted for relative protein intake. Results: Participants with a habitual low carbohydrate intake presented significantly lower adipose mass (β = −2.42 kg; 95% CI: −4.49 to −0.35; p = 0.02), adipose percentage (β = −4.64%; 95% CI: −7.47 to −1.80; p < 0.01), fat mass (β = −2.33 kg; 95% CI: −4.08 to −0.57; p = 0.01), and body fat percentage (β = −4.06%; 95% CI: −6.52 to −1.59; p < 0.01) than participants with a normal carbohydrate intake. No significant differences were observed in muscle mass, handgrip strength, or absolute knee extension strength after adjustment. In sensitivity analyses additionally adjusted for relative protein intake, associations with adiposity were attenuated and no longer statistically significant, whereas low carbohydrate intake was associated with lower absolute and relative handgrip and knee extension strength (all p < 0.05). No significant associations with skeletal muscle mass were observed. Conclusions: In recreationally resistance-trained men, habitual carbohydrate intake below 3 g/kg/day was associated with lower adiposity in the primary analyses; however, these associations were attenuated after additional adjustment for relative protein intake. Conversely, associations with lower maximal isometric strength emerged after adjustment for protein intake, while no associations with skeletal muscle mass were observed. These findings suggest that the associations of habitual carbohydrate intake with adiposity and muscle strength may be influenced by overall dietary composition and should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional design.

Background: Sarcopenia is a prevalent issue among older adults, especially in hospital settings, and its prevention requires addressing factors such as protein intake and physical activity. Objective: To determine the association between sarcopenia, protein intake, and physical activity in older adults at Hospital María Auxiliadora in Lima, Peru. Methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study conducted in 56 older adults from a hospital, where sarcopenia risk was assessed using the SARC-F questionnaire, protein intake was measured by a food frequency questionnaire adapted by Cortez for older adult patients, and physical activity level was evaluated with the IPAQ and IPAQ-E questionnaires. Results: The mean age was 71.0 ± 6.37 years; 71.43% were women. Sarcopenia risk was present in 30.35% of participants. The average protein intake was 1.00 ± 0.30 g/kg, with no significant differences between groups with and without risk (0.98 ± 0.32 vs. 1.01 ± 0.29; p = 0.83). Most participants had a low physical activity level, with no significant differences by risk status (p = 0.27). In logistic regression, neither protein intake (OR = 0.922; p = 0.93) nor moderate physical activity level (OR = 0.611; p = 0.30) showed a statistically significant association with sarcopenia risk. Conclusions: No significant association was found between sarcopenia, protein intake, and physical activity level in this sample. However, the importance of promoting adequate protein intake and regular physical activity for the prevention and management of sarcopenia in older patients is emphasized.