Electrons Beat Phonons: The phenomenon of superconductivity, in which a material suddenly (below a certain transition temperature T _c ) becomes a perfect conductor with zero electrical resistance, can be roughly explained in terms of Bose-Einstein condensation of pairs of electrons. In conventional superconductors, the formation of these so-called Cooper pairs is mediated by lattice deformations (phonons), but this mechanism is insufficient to explain the high T _c of cuprate superconductors. Other mechanisms, such as magnetic fluctuations, have been proposed which originate with the electrons themselves rather than the lattice. Dal Conte et al. (p. 1600 ) used time-resolved optical spectroscopy of an optimally doped cuprate to show that the temporal evolution of the reflectivity is consistent with the electronic contribution being dominant and is able to account for the high T _c by itself.

High-frequency surface acoustic waves can be generated by ultrafast laser excitation of nanoscale patterned surfaces. Here we study this phenomenon in the hypersonic frequency limit. By modeling the thermomechanics from first-principles, we calculate the system’s initial heat-driven impulsive response and follow its time evolution. A scheme is introduced to quantitatively access frequencies and lifetimes of the composite system’s excited eigenmodes. A spectral decomposition of the calculated response on the eigemodes of the system reveals asymmetric resonances that result from the coupling between surface and bulk acoustic modes. This finding allows evaluation of impulsively excited pseudosurface acoustic wave frequencies and lifetimes and expands our understanding of the scattering of surface waves in mesoscale metamaterials. The model is successfully benchmarked against time-resolved optical diffraction measurements performed on one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface phononic crystals, probed using light at extreme ultraviolet and near-infrared wavelengths.

The ultrafast thermal and mechanical dynamics of a two-dimensional lattice of metallic nanodisks has been studied by near-infrared pump-probe diffraction measurements over a temporal range spanning from $100\mathrm{fs}$ to several nanoseconds. The experiments demonstrate that in these systems a surface acoustic wave (SAW), with a wave vector given by the reciprocal periodicity of the two-dimensional array, can be excited by $\sim 120\mathrm{fs}$ Ti:sapphire laser pulses. In order to clarify the interaction between the nanodisks and the substrate, numerical calculations of the elastic eigenmodes and simulations of the thermal dynamics of the system are developed through finite-element analysis. We unambiguously show that the observed SAW velocity shift originates from the mechanical interaction between the SAWs and the nanodisks, while the correlated SAW damping is due to the energy radiation into the substrate.

Bactericidal nanoparticle coatings are very promising for hindering the indirect transmission of pathogens through cross-contaminated surfaces.