Integrating Virtual Reality (VR) with developing technology has become crucial in today’s schools to transform in-the-moment instruction. A change in perspective has occurred because of VR, enabling teachers to create immersive learning experiences in addition to conventional classes. This paper presents a systematic literature review with an in-depth analysis of the changing environment of immersive learning. It discusses advantages and challenges, noting results from previous researchers. VR facilitates more profound knowledge and memory of complex subjects by allowing students to collaborate with digital structures, explore virtual landscapes, and participate in simulated experiments. Developing VR gear, like thin headsets and tactile feedback mechanisms, has democratised immersive engineering learning by making it more approachable and natural for a broader range of students. This study sheds light on the revolutionary potential of immersive learning via VR integration with new technologies in real-time education by examining current trends, discussing obstacles, and an outlook on future directions using the new Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This study used four databases: Scopus, IEEE, Springer, and Google Scholar. During the selection, 24 articles were added during the review, and 66 studies were selected. It clarifies best practices for adopting VR-enhanced learning environments through empirical analysis and case studies, and it also points out directions for future innovation and growth in the field of immersive pedagogy.

The model of a fully available group of servers with a Poisson flow of primary calls and the possibility of losses before and after occupying a free server is considered. Additionally, a call can leave the system because of the aging of transmitted information. After each loss, there is some probability that a customer repeats the call. Such models are seen in the modeling of various telecommunication systems such as emergency information services, call and contact centers, access nodes, etc., functioning in overloading situations. The stationary behavior of the system is described by the infinite-state Markov process. It is shown that stationary characteristics of the model can be calculated with the help of an auxiliary model of the same class but without call repetitions due to losses occurring before and after the occupation of a free server and the aging of transmitted information. The performance measurements of the auxiliary model are calculated by solving a system of state equations using a recursive algorithm based on the concept of the truncation of the used state space. This approach allows significant savings of computer resources to be made by ignoring highly unlikely states in the process of calculation. The error caused by truncation is estimated. The presented numerical examples illustrate the use of the model for the elimination of the negative effects of emergency information service overload based on the filtering of the input flow of calls.

A mathematical model of joint servicing of priority real-time traffic and elastic data traffic in multiservice access nodes has been constructed and studied. Definitions of quality indicators for joint servicing of incoming requests for information services are provided. A system of statistical equilibrium equations is formed and its use for calculating the exact values of the introduced characteristics is considered. A method for approximate calculation of characteristics is proposed, based on the construction of a system of simplified equilibrium equations. It has been established that the obtained estimates of customer service indicators are asymptotically accurate in the region of large and small losses. The use of the developed method is shown to solve the problem of estimating the volume of traffic offloaded in an overload situation to other access nodes or to other frequency ranges in order to achieve values of specified QoS indicators and to solve the problem of planning the volume of required transmission resource of a multiservice access node.

A mathematical model of joint servicing of the multiservice real time traffic and elastic data traffic with batch arrival of requests was constructed and investigated. The definitions of the performance measures of joint requests servicing were formulated, and their interrelations established. An algorithm to estimate numerically the characteristics of a model based on construction and solution of the equilibrium equations system was developed. Consideration was given to some partial cases of the model for which convenient recursive algorithms to calculate the measures of joint requests servicing were constructed. A method to estimate the desired rate of data transmission was proposed on the basis of the asymptotic properties of the model under light load. Numerical examples illustrating the distinctions of realizing the developed computer procedures were described.

The use of wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things has increased dramatically in the last decade. The sensors measure the required parameters and send them to the data processing centers using one of the various wireless transmission technologies (often using cellular infrastructure) to make the appropriate decision. Files containing measurement information can arrive in bursts simultaneously, which is a critical issue to be aware of. The purpose of this work is to develop and analyze a model to evaluate the effectiveness of an LTE (Long-Term Evolution) cell in serving requests from NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of things) devices when these requests are received in bursts rather than individually. In the article, the common uses of the Internet of Things in our modern era were discussed, the NB-IoT technology was paid attention to, and a mathematical model to evaluate the performance of an LTE cell in the case of impulsive arrivals of NB-IoT requests was built. Finally, the computational algorithm and numerical evaluation were introduced.

We construct and investigate a mathematical model for joint servicing of real-time multiservice traffic in access networks with a hierarchical topology. The model takes into account how the arrival...