Background: The modulation of cardiac sympathovagal balance alters following acute resistance training (RT) sessions. Nevertheless, the precise influence of RT at varying load intensities on this physiological response remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the time course of recovery following low- (40%), moderate- (60%), and high- (80%) load-intensity RT protocols performed up to muscle repetition failure in resistance-trained men. Method: Sixteen young, resistance-trained men (mean age: 21.6 ± 2.5 years, mean height: 175.7 ± 8.9 cm, mean weight: 77.1 ± 11.3 kg) participated in a randomized crossover experimental design involving three sessions, each taken to the point of muscle failure. These sessions were characterized by different load intensities: low (40% of 1-repetition maximum, 1RM), moderate (60% of 1RM), and high (80% of 1RM). The exercise regimen comprised four exercises—back squat (BS), bench press (BnP), barbell row (BR), and shoulder press (SP)—with each exercise consisting of three sets. Throughout each session, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) parameters were assessed both pre-exercise and during a 40 min post-exercise period, segmented into 10 min intervals for stabilization. Statistical analysis involved the use of a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: It was observed that the 40% and 60% RT sessions resulted in a significantly higher root mean square of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) value compared to the 80% RT session in the post-exercise recovery process in 30 min (respectively, p = 0.025; p = 0.028) and 40 min (respectively, p = 0.031; p = 0.046), while the 40% and 60% RT sessions produced similar responses. The 40% RT session was significantly higher in the high frequency (HF) value post-exercise in 40 min compared to the 80% RT session (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in resistance training (RT) sessions to muscle failure at an intensity of 80% induces acute increases in sympathetic activity, potentially leading to elevated cardiovascular stress. For individuals with normal blood pressure, it is advisable to opt for lighter loads and higher repetition volumes when prescribing RT, as heavier-load RT may carry an increased risk of cardiac-related factors.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of foam roller (FR), dynamic stretching (DS), and passive recovery (PR) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) in hearing-impaired athletes after submaximal exercise. Twelve congenital (sensorineural) hearing impaired (>91dB) basketball players aged between 18-30 participated in the study voluntarily. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 4 subjects, and 3 different recovery methods after submaximal treadmill running exercises were performed in a cross-over design. BP and HRV parameters of the participants were measured at 4 different times, (i) pre-exercise, (ii) post-exercise, (ııı) during recovery, and (iv) after recovery. Data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance test for repeated measurements (3 groups x 4 times). There was a significant increase in RMSSD and HF compared to PR after the FR recovery and in 10-minute after recovery (p<0.05). There was a significant decrease in LF at 10 min after recovery exercise in FR compared to PR (p0.05). The FR recovery method applied after submaximal exercise in hearing-impaired basketball players significantly improved HRV compared to PR. Performing FR recovery exercises in the post-exercise or post-competition period may positively affect HRV. FR exercise can be recommended to coaches and athletes as a method of recovery after post-submaximal exercises.

Practical strategies that facilitate rapid restoration of cardiovascular and neuromuscular function are needed to support the short recovery window between matches in high-level wrestling tournaments. This study compared the effects of post-match foam rolling (FR), static stretching (SS), and passive rest (PR) on cardiac-autonomic, hemodynamic, and neuromuscular performance markers in national-level wrestlers. Sixteen male wrestlers (weight class range: 57–92 kg, ≥ 5 years of wrestling experience) participated in this randomized crossover study. Recovery interventions were performed on separate days immediately following a maximal-intensity match simulation. Heart rate variability (HRV), brachial blood pressure (BP), and countermovement jump (CMJ) parameters were measured pre-match, post-match, immediately post-recovery, and 10 min post-recovery. Across all recovery methods, HRV parameters showed progressive but incomplete recovery following post-match reductions ( p < 0.05), while transient post-match BP increases were followed by a hypotensive response ( p < 0.05). CMJ parameters were reduced at all post-match time points, with the greatest impairment observed immediately post-recovery ( p < 0.05). Although no condition × time interactions were observed ( p > 0.05), Hedges’ g effect sizes showed that at 10 min post-recovery, HRV parameters were higher for FR ( g = 0.62–0.95), and to a lesser extent for SS (g = 0.54–0.69) versus PR. Mean arterial pressure was lower for FR versus PR ( g = -0.69) at the same time point. While effect sizes suggest modest HRV recovery benefits favoring FR with neutral CMJ effects, the lack of statistical significance provides no conclusive evidence to recommend these modalities over PR for post-match recovery. Clinical trial number Trial registration: NCT07305506 (Registered date: 12 December 2025). This study was retrospectively registered on https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07305506 .

This study aimed to examine the acute effect of different durations of static stretching on heart rate variability (HRV) and, the anaerobic capacity of moderately physically active men during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) at two different pre-exercise periods. Sixty-five healthy young male volunteers performed 10 s static stretching (STS) and 30 s static stretching (LTS) consisting of five static stretching exercises before WAnT on two non-consecutive days. HRV was measured pre (60 s), during (30 s) and post (60 s) WAnT after two different periods of static stretching. Anaerobic capacity variables were also measured during WAnT. STS and LTS had similar effects on other HRV parameters except for Mean-RR during the WAnT. There was no significant difference between the protocols applied in any of the anaerobic capacity test values. But there was a negatively significant relationship between the average power output of 30 s static stretching and pNN50. This result has shown that STS and LTS exercises have a similar effect during maximal exercise, so if the practitioners carry out static stretching exercises before maximal or high-intensity exercise, it is recommended to perform the STS exercise in terms of the economy of the exercise.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fonksiyonel antrenmanın adölesan güreşçilerin çeviklik ve dikkat özelliğine etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya 12-16 yaş arasındaki 25 erkek güreşçi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılar deney (n:12) ve kontrol grubu (n:13) olmak üzere rastgele 2 gruba ayrılmış ve deney grubu 8 haftalık güreş branşına özgü hareketlerden oluşan fonksiyonel antrenman programı uygulamıştır. Antrenman programının uygulanmasından önce ve sonra T çeviklik testi ve reaksiyon zamanı testi (Fitlight Junior TR) yapılmıştır. Veriler normal dağılım gösterdiği için ön-son test değerlerin karşılaştırılmasında Paired Samples T – testi, gruplar arası karşılaştırmasında ise Independent Samples T- testi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel yorumlanmasında anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çeviklik testinde hem deney hem de kontrol grubunda ön-test son-test karşılaştırmasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Fakat son test karşılaştırmasında deney grubunun kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde daha fazla geliştikleri tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Reaksiyon zamanı performansında ise sıralı seri mod testi dördüncü seri son-test karşılaştırmasında deney grubu lehine anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Rastgele mod testinde gruplar arası anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Rastgele mod ve tümü açık mod değişkenlerinin tümünde hem deney hem de kontrol grubu, grup içi karşılaştırmalarında anlamlı düzeyde farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak fonksiyonel antrenman çalışmasının kontrol grubuna göre deney grubu güreşçilerin çeviklik özelliğini geliştirdiği, reaksiyon zamanı performansının bazı parametrelerinde seçme ve tepki gösterme süresinin kısaltılmasına olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmektedir. Güreşte yüksek yoğunluktaki maksimum dikkat gerektiren hareketlerin sayısı ve uyarı aralıkları ve yönü dikkate alındığında fonksiyonel antrenman programının antrenman planı içerisinde yer almasının yararlı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

Traditional (TRD) and cluster set (CLT) resistance training (RT) configurations differentially affect cardiovascular parameters, such as heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP), but the cardiovascular effects of upper body TRD and CLT with multiple exercises remain unclear. To compare the acute effects of upper body TRD and CLT on postexercise HRV and BP variables. Sixteen men with ≥ 1 year of RT experience participated in this randomized crossover study. Subjects performed four upper‐body exercises in both protocols, matched for volume, intensity, and rest periods. HRV and BP were measured pre‐exercise, postexercise, and again every 10 min for 40 min postexercise. Heart rate was elevated in both conditions until 30 min for TRD, but recovered by 20 min for CLT, and was lower in CLT versus TRD at 20–40 min (p values < 0.05). Root mean square of successive differences was reduced in both conditions until 30 min in TRD, but recovered by 20 min in CLT, with higher values in CLT versus TRD at 20–40 min (p values < 0.05). Despite no interaction (p > 0.05), systolic BP (SBP) was higher overall in CLT (p < 0.05). Moreover, effect sizes revealed moderate SBP reductions from pre‐exercise across all postexercise time points in TRD, with SBP lower in TRD versus CLT at 20–40 min (small‐to‐moderate effect sizes). CLT promoted faster cardiac‐autonomic recovery, whereas TRD tended to promote greater postexercise hypotension. Thus, set configuration should be selected based on specific goals, such as accelerating parasympathetic reactivation or reducing SBP.