The bond strength between basalt fibers and asphalt binders is an important parameter that can be used to evaluate the influence of basalt fibers on the mechanical properties of asphalt binders and asphalt mixtures. To date, however, there remains a lack of methods that can be used to assess the bond strength between basalt fibers and asphalt binders. This study employed a fiber-asphalt pull-out tester (POT). Significant upward, peak, and downward stages were observed from the relationship curves between the pull-out force (POF) and displacement, corresponding to the holding stage and reaching the maximum POF stage and the sliding or failure stage between fibers and asphalt binders. Maximum POF is recommended to calculate the bond strength between basalt fibers and asphalt binders. The types of asphalt binders suitable for basalt fibers and the appropriate fiber embedding depths for different types of asphalt binders guiding the selection of fiber length are recommended based on the influence of fiber embedding depth and asphalt binders on the fiber–asphalt bond strength. In addition, surface energy was used to calculate the bond strength as well. Surface energy was determined from contact angle measurements using the sessile drop method. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to examine the bond mechanism between asphalt binders and basalt fibers. These experiments showed how basalt fibers serve to reinforce asphalt mixtures by bonding with asphalt binders.