Tissue injury, one of the most common traumatic injuries in daily life, easily leads to secondary wound infections. To promote wound healing and reduce scarring, various kinds of wound dressings, such as gauze, bandages, sponges, patches, and microspheres, have been developed for wound healing. Among them, microsphere-based tissue dressings have attracted increasing attention due to the advantage of easy to fabricate, excellent physicochemical performance and superior drug release ability. In this review, we first introduced the common methods for microspheres preparation, such as emulsification-solvent method, electrospray method, microfluidic technology as well as phase separation methods. Next, we summarized the common biomaterials for the fabrication of the microspheres including natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Then, we presented the application of the various microspheres from different processing methods in wound healing and other applications. Finally, we analyzed the limitations and discussed the future development direction of microspheres in the future.

Manganese-based nanomaterials have seen rapid development in chemodynamic therapy and T ₁ -enhanced MRI over the past five years, holding promising prospects in various combined applications.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) for cancer treatment are in a rapid stage of development, and the direct tumor lysis and activation of a comprehensive host immune response are irreplaceable advantages of cancer immunotherapy. However, excessive antiviral immune responses also restrict the spread of OVs in vivo and the infection of tumor cells. Macrophages are functionally diverse innate immune cells that phagocytose tumor cells and present antigens to activate the immune response, while also limiting the delivery of OVs to tumors. Studies have shown that the functional propensity of macrophages between OVs and tumor cells affects the overall therapeutic effect of oncolytic virotherapy. How to effectively avoid the restrictive effect of macrophages on OVs and reshape the function of tumor-associated macrophages in oncolytic virotherapy is an important challenge we are now facing. Here, we review and summarize the complex dual role of macrophages in oncolytic virotherapy, highlighting how the functional characteristics of macrophage plasticity can be utilized to cooperate with OVs to enhance anti-tumor effects, as well as highlighting the importance of designing and optimizing delivery modalities for OVs in the future.

Thrombin is a multifunctional serine protease that plays an important role in coagulation and anticoagulation processes. Aptamers have been widely applied in biosensors due to their high specificit...

This study aimed to construct a symptom network model of depression, anxiety, and NSSI using network analysis and to identify the most central and bridge s

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a multifaceted psychiatric disease requiring more in-depth mechanism research to improve treatment outcomes, with family-related variables playing a crucial role, particularly in adolescent populations. A total of 113 adolescents with OCD were included in this study. All patients were assessed by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Family Environment Scale (FES), Parenting Style Assessment Scale (EMBU), Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The correlation between family factors (dysfunctional family environment and negative parent rearing), cognitive traits (obsessive beliefs), emotional traits (anxiety traits), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were analyzed. Moreover, the mediating effect of cognitive and emotional traits between family factors and OCS was explored. Finally, 31 parents of patients and 20 non-clinical adolescents and their parents completed the FES, EMBU, OBQ-44, and STAI. The results showed that dysfunctional family environment, negative parent rearing, obsessive beliefs and anxiety traits were positively correlated with OCS in adolescents with OCD. Parallel mediation analyses revealed that obsessive beliefs fully mediated the relationship between family factors and OCS, whereas anxiety traits did not show a significant unique mediating effect after controlling for obsessive beliefs. Compared with parents of non-clinical adolescents, parents of OCD patients showed significant obsessive beliefs and anxiety traits. Cognitive traits (obsessive beliefs), but not emotional traits (anxiety traits), served as a unique mediating mechanism between family factors and OCS. Both cognitive and emotional traits demonstrated familial aggregation. These findings provide an empirical basis for family-based interventions targeting obsessive beliefs in adolescents with OCD.