Background: Increasing use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in cancer patients, has led to more common detection of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Aims: The objective of this study was to assess ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in incidental and known GIT malignancy. Methods: A total of 6500 patients followed-up in a single and tertiary center between January 2010 and September 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Of 2850 patients assessed with ¹⁸FDG-PET/CT, known GIT malignancy and ¹⁸F-FDG uptake cases during follow-up were included in the study. Results: Of 658 patients with ¹⁸F-FDG uptake, 150 patients who underwent endoscopy were included in the study. Seventy-seven of these patients had known GIT malignancy and 73 had incidental ¹⁸F-FDG uptake. Among these 73 patients; 7 (9.6%) had malignancy, 20 (27,2%) adenoma and 24 (32.9%) inflammation that were confirmed. Endoscopy was normal in 22 (30.2%) patients. One hundred forty-three (95.3%) patients had focal and 7 (4.7%) had diffuse uptake. While no malignancy was detected in patients with diffuse uptake, 58.7% (84/143) of the patients with focal uptake presented malignancy. Mean the standardized uptake value (SUV) max values were found as 15.0 ± 10.6 (range, 3.8–56.5) in malignant disease, 10.2 ± 4.3 (range, 2.4-19.7) in adenoma, 7.3 ± 3.6 (range, 3.6–18.7) in inflammation, and 9.8 ± 4.2 (range, 3.8–19.9) in normal endoscopy groups (p < 0.001, rho = 0.378). Conclusion: Although this study demonstrated high probability of malignant disease with increased ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in the GIT, it would be a more appropriate approach to confirm all patients with ¹⁸F-FDG uptake through endoscopy as SUVmax values vary in a wide range.

Background: This study evaluated the prognostic impact of Trop-2, CD47, and CD163 expression on clinical outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and investigated their interactions with tumor progression. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 92 patients with TNBC was analyzed. The expression scores for Trop-2, CD47, and CD163 were categorized as negative/low (0–3 points) or high (4–6 points). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Results: The median age of the cohort was 50 years old. High Trop-2 expression was observed in 55.4% of the patients and was significantly associated with advanced disease stage (p < 0.001). High CD47 expression (44.6%) was correlated with advanced stage (p = 0.044), whereas high CD163 expression (45.7%) was associated with advanced stage (p = 0.021), absence of comorbidities (p = 0.022), and lower pT stage (p = 0.023). Moderate positive correlations were found between Trop-2 and CD47 (p = 0.022), Trop-2 and CD163 (p = 0.037), and CD47 and CD163 (p < 0.001), respectively. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with low Trop-2 expression exhibited significantly prolonged OS (p = 0.021) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.026) compared to those with high Trop-2 expression. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed significant associations between OS and PFS for Trop-2, lymphovascular invasion, and BRCA status. Conclusions: Trop-2 expression is a significant prognostic factor for TNBC and is correlated with worse outcomes. Although CD47 and CD163 showed trends for poorer prognosis, their significance was not confirmed. These findings offer promising prospects for future studies on combined antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), as they may present opportunities to address multiple resistance mechanisms in the management of TNBC and enhance clinical outcomes.

Background and Objectives: In ampullary cancer, 5-year survival rates are 30–50%, even with optimal resection and perioperative systemic therapies. We sought to determine the important clinicopathological features and adjuvant treatments in terms of the prognosis of patients with operable-stage ampullary carcinomas. Materials and Methods: We included 197 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat ampullary carcinomas between December 2003 and May 2019. Demographics, clinical features, treatments, and outcomes/survival were analyzed. Results: The median disease-free survival (mDFS) and median overall survival (mOS) were 40.9 vs. 63.4 months, respectively. The mDFS was significantly lower in patients with lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) and lymph node involvement (p = 0.027). Potential predictors of decreased OS on univariate analysis included age ≥ 50 years (p = 0.045), poor performance status (p = 0.048), weight loss (p = 0.045), T3–T4 tumors (p = 0.018), surgical margin positivity (p = 0.01), lymph node involvement (p = 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.007), and poor histological grade (p = 0.042). For the multivariate analysis, only nodal status (hazard ratio [HR]1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–3.65; p = 0.027) and surgical margin status (HR 2.61; 95% CI, 1.09–6.24; p = 0.03) were associated with OS. Conclusions: Nodal status and a positive surgical margin were independent predictors of a poor mOS for patients with ampullary carcinomas. Additional studies are required to explore the role of adjuvant therapy in patients with ampullary carcinomas.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to observe the prognostic significance of the pan‐immune‐inflammation value (PIV) score calculated at the time of diagnosis in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, as well as its effect on treatment response, survival, and prognosis.Material and Method: This retrospective, single‐center observational study was designed to analyze patients with nonmetastatic (stages II–III) rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant treatment, categorized into two groups: PIV‐L (n = 67, 50%) and PIV‐H (n = 67, 50%). The median PIV score was used for cutoff determination. Survival analysis was applied. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine prognostic factors.Results: Preoperative clinical lymph node status (p = 0.011), liver metastasis (p = 0.028), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; p = 0.013), and cancer antigen 19.9 (CA19.9; p = 0.040) levels; pathological complete response (p = 0.035); tumor regression score (p = 0.030); postoperative lymph node status (p = 0.019); tumor deposits (p = 0.035); and budding (p = 0.043) were statistically different between the groups. The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 77% versus 69% and 62% versus 38% in the PIV‐L and PIV‐H groups, respectively (p = 0.032). While the PIV score was prognostic for OS in univariate analysis (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.04–3.31, p = 0.035), a result of insignificance was obtained in multivariate analysis (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 0.98–3.01 p = 0.056). The 5‐ and 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 67% versus 54% and 56% versus 39% in the PIV‐L and PIV‐H groups, respectively, with the PIV‐H group showing a statistically significantly lower rate (p = 0.048). For DFS, the PIV score was found to be a statistically insignificant prognostic factor in univariate analysis (HR: 0.052, 95% CI: 0.99–2.86, p = 0.052) and recognized as an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.08–3.26, p = 0.026).Conclusion: A higher pretreatment PIV score was associated with poorer clinicopathological features, a worse treatment response, lower survival rates, and a poor prognosis for DFS.

Introduction: Obesity and aggressive prostate cancer are two important clinical conditions because of the prevalence and obesity increases the aggressiveness of prostate cancer. In this study, our aim was to investigate obesity rates at the time of diagnosis in patients who underwent Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT. Materials and methods: 104 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer who underwent Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT between 2021 and 2022 for staging were included in this study. The patients' height and weight, pathology results and PSA values, which were recorded routinely before PET/CT, were obtained from Nuclear Medicine patient files. The formula [mass (kg) / height2 (m)] was used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). According to the PSA values and Gleason score of the patients, intermediate and high-risk patients were included in the study. Results: The median age of the patients was 70.5 (range:40-87 yrs) at the time of diagnosis and 67 (64.4 %) patients had metastases at the time of diagnosis. Of the patients, 15 (14.4%) were in the intermediate risk group and 89 (85.6%) were in the high risk group. Of the patients, 33 (31.7%) were normal weight, 45 (43.3%) were overweight, and 26 (25%) were obese. There was no significant difference between prostate cancer risk groups and BMI (p=0.126) Conclusion: As a result, the weight of the majority of the patients in our study was above normal. However, there was no significant difference between overweight and obese and prostate cancer risk groups. However, considering all the literature information, being overweight increases the risk of cancer, and attention should be paid to dietary habits.