Embracing the archaic methods used in supervision and/or management in the field of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) creates the imperative need to adopt and/or develop sustainable methods to reduce construction physical waste, as well as the non-physical waste. Thus, the articles present a method that convenes three different specializations, namely geodesy, civil engineering, and architecture, that make use of the 3D terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), 3D reconstruction, and the 3D analysis to make an accurate bill of quantity (BOQ) to be able to assess the quality of the construction in compliance with the idea of sustainable development in the AEC industry. This article describes the three major parts: obtaining the point cloud, the 3D modeling, and extracting the relevant data. The novelty of the research is threefold: (i) a viable methodology for obtaining an accurate BOQ by reducing the non-physical waste to avoid cost and time overruns; (ii) the significance and impact of a (a) strictly automated and (b) automatic with traditional survey to obtain the 3D model of the point cloud on the resulting area that requires rehabilitation or to be covered with intumescent paint; and (iii) a detailed analysis of the specific elements that can blunder the final 3D model, such as the shadowing effect that can appear in very complex construction structures. Moreover, the proposed methodology represents a significant advancement in optimizing 3D modeling to improve the comprehension of steel trusses in the field of AEC sector.

This article proposes a comparative framework for interpreting architectural and armorial artefacts through morphological and symbolic analysis. Focusing on the Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance periods, the study explores how buildings and body armour—though differing in scale and function—encode similar cultural values related to protection, identity, and representation. Rather than seeking direct historical transmission, the research reveals convergent design logics shaped by shared symbolic imperatives. Methodologically, the article combines typological comparison with embodied heritage practices. These include experimental reconstruction, traditional stone carving, and field-based conservation conducted through the Ambulance for Monuments (Ambulanța pentru Monumente) programme. Such experiences support a situated understanding of proportion, articulation, and material behaviour in both architecture and armour. By repositioning historical armour as a culturally meaningful artefact rooted in craft knowledge and symbolic logic, the study contributes to current debates in heritage science. It argues for the inclusion of martial objects within broader frameworks of heritage interpretation. The findings highlight how architecture and armour function as co-expressive elements of a shared design culture, offering new insights for research, conservation, and the communication of historical meaning.

The energy efficiency of residential buildings is crucial for sustainable urban development. Prefabricated panel apartment blocks constitute a major part of the housing stock in post-socialist countries and often suffer from significant heat loss due to outdated construction methods and inadequate insulation. This study evaluates the thermal performance of rehabilitated and non-rehabilitated prefabricated buildings in Oradea’s Ioșia Nord district. Using thermal imaging and energy simulations, we identify critical heat loss areas and assess rehabilitation strategies needed to meet Nearly Zero-Energy Building (nZEB) standards. The findings highlight key deficiencies in thermal insulation, propose targeted interventions, and offer recommendations for large-scale retrofitting strategies.

The preservation of architectural heritage must extend beyond historic city centres to include the large-scale prefabricated housing stock that characterises many post-socialist urban environments. These structures, often overlooked, hold both material and social value. This study focuses on prefabricated residential buildings and proposes a scalable methodology for sustainable rehabilitation through a prototype tool: the building identity passport (BIP). The proposed approach integrates multi-layered diagnostics—combining building integrated modelling (BIM), thermographic surveys, occupant questionnaires, and expert interviews—into a replicable decision-support framework. Results demonstrate that the passport can synthesise tangible (physical) and intangible (perceptual, social) resources of prefabricated blocks into a coherent framework, highlighting both technical pathologies and lived experiences. Thermographic validation of BIM simulations confirms the feasibility of combining digital and on-site diagnostics, while community surveys and expert insights reveal the tensions between comfort, health, and energy efficiency. The resulting prototype provides a transparent overview of building identity, making rehabilitation strategies easier to compare, communicate, and adapt. Beyond its local application, the study underscores the broader replicability of the method: core diagnostic layers remain constant, while context-sensitive indicators can be tailored to different regions. The proposed framework thus offers municipalities and communities a practical tool to align rehabilitation with circular resource use and occupant well-being. Future work will focus on automating data processing and extending validation to diverse housing contexts, strengthening its potential as a platform for sustainable urban regeneration.