Endophytic and epiphytic bacteria and fungi that live in association with macroalgae produce compounds that favor the growth of the host, being in some cases more efficient than those produced by the terrestrial microbiome. This review collects information from articles published in Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Wiley Online Library. Articles were organized according to their antimicrobial properties, synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes, production of other bioactive compounds by bacteria and fungi, and their application. The information collected showed that bacteria and fungi associated with macroalgae have the ability to inhibit bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and protozoa that affect aquaculture, public health, and the food industry, reporting that the pyrenocines A, B, E, and S isolated from Phaeosphaeria sp. Inhibited pathogenic protozoa. Additionally, other compounds identified as alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids could act by altering the morphology and physiology of pathogenic microorganisms, which can be applied in the food, pharmaceutical, paper, chemical, textile, and cosmetic industries. In addition, these microorganisms can synthesize enzymes such as xylanase, amylase, cellulase, pectinase, agarase, lignocellulose, chitinase, gelatinase, asparaginase, glutaminase, and lipase, which can be used to reduce oxidation and enzymatic browning, improve digestibility and functionality of feed, synthesis of chitin oligomers with antimicrobial properties, bioremediation of agricultural residues and industrial effluents, and production of hydrolysates.

Some microorganisms are responsible for food spoilage and foodborne infections worldwide. These microorganisms are becoming increasingly resistant to degradation or inhibition due to exposure to antibiotics, antifungal, and antiparasitics, posing a growing threat to human health. The aim of this study was to describe the antimicrobial properties of compounds present in Myrciaria dubia (pulp, seed, peel, and leaves) against bacteria (Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella and others), yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and parasitic protozoa (Leishmania amazonensis and Plasmodium falciparum). Different papers published in the main databases (Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, as well as in university repositories) were reviewed. These results were analyzed and organized according to their inhibitory activity, attributable metabolic actions of this plant, mainly based on its phenolic compounds present (rhodomyrtone, isomyrtucommulone B, myrciarone B, trans-resveratrol, 2.4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, myricetin, syringic, ellagic acid and casuarictin), which can inhibit the synthesis or destabilize the microbial membrane, nucleic acids, cell walls in bacteria and mitochondrial dysfunction in protozoa

The diversity of marine fungi associated with macroalgae in Peru remains largely unknown, and no studies have provided holistic data on their biodiversity or their role as plant growth promoters in maize under salinity stress conditions. Endophytic and epiphytic fungi were isolated from the macroalgae Caulerpa sp., Ulva sp., Ahnfeltiopsis sp., and Chondracanthus chamissoi , collected from Yacila and Cangrejos beaches (Piura, Peru), while marine bacteria were provided by the Microbial Biotechnology Research Laboratory of the National University of Frontera. The growth-promoting properties of these marine microorganisms were evaluated prior to their inoculation in maize. Fungal isolates were phylogenetically characterized by ITS sequencing as Penicillium sp. YAFL13, Penicillium sp. YUFE7, Talaromyces stollii YAFL19, T. stollii YAFL4, T. amestolkiae YCFR3, Aspergillus sydowii CCDF2, A. sydowii YFep2, and A. sydowii YFep3. In total, 12 marine fungi were isolated and used in the assays along with 10 marine bacteria. Based on antimicrobial activity, IAA synthesis, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, and hydrolytic enzyme production, three fungal strains ( Penicillium sp. YAFL13, A. sydowii CCDF2, and A. sydowii YFep2) and two bacterial strains ( Bacillus sp. YCFR5 and Pantoea agglomerans YAFL6) were selected. Among them, A. sydowii CCDF2 significantly enhanced maize growth parameters, highlighting its promising potential as a plant inoculant. This study represents one of the few reports on marine microorganisms associated with marine macroalgae, revealing a valuable fungal diversity and its potential role in promoting maize growth under saline stress conditions.

Goat cheese offers significant nutritional benefits due to its enhanced digestibility and assimilation. In Peru, the province of Sullana stands out as the largest producer of this cheese. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the socioeconomic factors of its producers, as well as the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the cheese. The study was developed in 3 aspects, socioeconomic based on a descriptive exploratory methodology, with a mixed approach, 14 presidents of producer associations participated. Fourteen samples of fresh artisanal cheese from goat producers' associations from Marcavelica, Lancones and Salitral were stored at 4°C under aseptic conditions for physico-chemical characterisation and microbiological analysis. In relation to socioeconomic factors, the findings of the survey indicate that 42.9% were aged 56 years or older and possess only primary education. Additionally, 57.1% received Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) training, 86% reported a lack of water and drainage services, 21% reported having access to conventional electricity and 79% reported using solar panels. These make an improvement in the training of cheese producers imperative. Regarding the physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, humidity and ash content), the cheeses were within the