The appropriate growth medium configuration is a crucial agronomic practice for water utilization, especially in arid areas. This issue is of particular importance in calcareous soils, where crop plants suffer from limited water and nutrient availability. Therefore, the present investigation aimed to estimate the yield performance and irrigation water use efficiency of sesame grown in different sowing patterns under different irrigation levels. A-2 year field trial was carried out in two summer seasons (2022 and 2023) in a strip-plot with a randomized complete block design using three replications. Three sowing patterns (flat, ridges, and beds) were allocated vertically. Irrigation water levels (100, 75 and 55% of evapotranspiration, ETc ₁ , ETc ₂ and ETc ₃ , respectively were applied and distributed horizontally. ETc ₁ × beds followed by ETc ₂ × ridges or beds in both seasons were the efficient combinations for producing the highest increases in capsules number plant ⁻¹ . ETc ₁ × beds or ETc ₂ × ridges recorded the shortest height of the first capsule in both seasons. The maximum seed yield was achieved with ETc ₂ × beds in both seasons (1262.3 and 1313.3 kg ha ⁻¹ ), respectively, and ETc ₂ × ridges in the first season (1222.9 kg ha ⁻¹ ). ETc ₃ × beds (for oil % and oil yield ha ⁻¹ in both seasons) and ETc ₂ × beds (for oil yield ha ⁻¹ in the first season) exhibited the highest increases. ETc ₃ × beds interaction gave the maximum increase in irrigation water use efficiency in both seasons. The phenotypic correlation and path-coefficient analysis illustrated that the direct effects of seed index and capsules number plant ⁻¹ on seed yield plant ⁻¹ showed highly positive values (4.89 and 2.84 in 2022) and (1.01 and 1.01 in 2023). By adopting the beds method for cultivating sesame in arid zones, the irrigation programs should be modified via applying the deficit irrigation strategy to save water (about 25%) while keeping productivity. The findings provide new insights into optimizing resource use through beds sowing and moderate irrigation, contributing to sustainable sesame production in water-limited environments. Further, in order to develop stress-tolerant sesame varieties, breeders should focus primarily in breeding programs on improving capsules number plant ⁻¹ and seed index traits due to their great direct contribution influence on seed yield, as indicated by path-coefficient analysis.

Parameters belonging to the physical status and gonadal size of certain fish provide crucial information for assessing both the productivity and fecundity of declining fish populations. These parameters are vulnerable to the negative impacts of disease agents such as internal or systemic parasites. Although parasitic diseases might influence these parameters, the literature investigating these pathophysiological alterations is scanty. Therefore, the current study represents one of the scarcest studies that document the possible link between parasitism, gonadal health, and the growth of European hake (Merluccius merluccius). Screening of imported European halves indicated a relatively high prevalence of Anisakis pegreffi Larvae 3 infestation, with an 80% prevalence rate, a mean intensity of 24.4, and a mean abundance of 19.5. However, the prevalence of Anisakid larvae infection in native fish was 36% with a mean intensity of 7.36 and mean abundance of 2.65.The current research revealed remarkable ovarian pathology that involved several forms of degenerative changes in ovarian tissues. Such gonadal pathologies were attributed to the damaging effect of the retrieved Anisakis pegreffi Larvae 3. Gonadosomatic index of both heavily infected imported / native hakes was relatively impacted by the progressive gonadal pathology resulting from Anisakis pegreffi L3 infection. Morphometric measurements of the gonads and body have revealed that, gonadosomatic index of both heavily infected imported / native hakes was relatively impacted by the progressive gonadal pathology resulting from Anisakis pegreffi L3 infection.

In the past twenty years, the market for drug delivery has finally seen the entry of nanotechnology. The development and application of chemical, physical, and biological systems with structural characteristics ranging from single atoms or molecules to submicron dimensions, as well as the integration of the resulting nanostructures into larger systems, are the domains of nanotechnology. The field of medical nanotechnology has demonstrated a growing tendency towards cost reduction and enhanced efficacy in the use of current medications, diagnostic tools, implants, prosthetics, patient monitors, and personal health care. To maximize activity and minimize side effects, the search for intelligent drug delivery systems was the main objective. This review discusses nano-structured materials as an important category of advanced nanotechnology-based carriers. Polymeric-based, non-polymeric-based, and lipid-based nanosystems can all be classified as nanostructured materials. This review provides an overview of the most recent variations of this classification in particular lipid-based nanosystems, including those that may be considered promising in the fight against cancer disease.

Maize is the third most important cereal crop in the world due to its exceptional productivity and adaptability. The study was performed to evaluate the effects of potassium sulfate fertilizer on growth, physiological traits, yield, and its components of three single crosses of maize over two growing seasons. A field experiment was conducted at the agronomy experimental farm, Assiut University, Egypt, using a strip-plot design with three replications. Treatments included four potassium sulfate rates (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha⁻¹) and three maize hybrids (SC2031, SC2036, SC168). The results revealed significant combined analysis of variance for potassium sulfate levels and hybrids on most of the studied traits. The hybrid SC2036, when fertilized with 120 kg K/ha, is especially suitable for achieving high productivity under the tested agro-environmental conditions. The path and principal component analysis results highlight that ear diameter and leaf number are the most influential traits for grain yield improvement for all tested crosses. Traits such as chlorophyll content and 1000-grain weight contributed mainly through indirect path effects. The path analysis also underlines hybrid-specific differences in how yield components affect grain yield per plant. These results highlight that the integration of nutrient management, hybrid selection, and multivariate analysis provides a comprehensive strategy for improving maize productivity.

Enhancing land productivity through efficient resource utilization is a core objective in sustainable agriculture. Intercropping and improved sowing techniques are widely recognized for their potential to optimize crop performance and maximize yields. Integrating winter wheat with Egyptian clover has demonstrated positive effects on photosynthetic activity and yield stability. Intercropping legumes with cereals offers a promising solution, as legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen biologically, enriching the soil for current or subsequent crops.This study evaluated the impact of different sowing methods and intercropping ratios on the performance of wheat and Egyptian clover under field conditions across two consecutive seasons (2021/2022 and 2022/2023). A total of eight treatment combinations were assessed in a strip-plot layout within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Two sowing techniques broadcasting and row planting were tested alongside four intercropping arrangements involving wheat (cv. Gemmeizah 11) and Egyptian clover (var. Fahl): sole cropping of either species, and mixed cropping at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 ratios.Findings indicated that intercropping had no adverse effect on wheat grain yield. Row planting, particularly at a 50:50 ratio, significantly improved yield components and economic returns. These results support the adoption of intercropping systems, especially with row sowing, as a viable strategy for enhancing productivity and sustainability in wheat-based cropping systems.Plant height, thousand grain weight, biological yield, grian yield, and protin % were strongly correlated and positively with PC1 but spike length, and no. of spikes/m2 were neigaitve strong corrleation in PC2.