In our study, we monitored the inactivation of two important viruses that are critical in animal husbandry throughout the world. To evaluate the influence of the composting process on inactivation of avian influenza virus (H9N2) in poultry manure compost (PMC) and Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) in pig (swine) manure compost (SMC), the H9N2 and EMCV were injected in dialysis cassettes and buried in two different manure compost piles of poultry and pig manure, respectively. The highest temperature achieved in the PMC and SMC piles during the test period were 75 °C and 73.5 °C, respectively. At the completion of the composting for 168 h, inactivation effect appeared to be more sensitive in H9N2 than EMCV. The vitality of H9N2 decreased by 6.25 ± 0.35 log₁₀TCID50/mL to 0.0 log₁₀TCID50/mL within 1 h of the composting. The vitality of EMCV decreased from 7.75 ± 0.35 log₁₀TCID50/mL to 1.50 log₁₀TCID50/mL within 24 h of starting the composting process. However, the activation of EMCV was not decreased (from 7.75 ± 0.35 to 7.50 ± 0.71 log10TCID50/mL) in the control treatment (not inserted in composts) after 168h, while the activation of H9N2 in dialysis cassettes was significantly decreased (from 6.25 ± 0.35 log₁₀TCID50/mL to 2.00 ± 0.6 log₁₀TCID50/mL). Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of the composting treatment in inactivating the viruses studied, which was not the case with air treatment.

This study focused on the development of a scaled-down model for an enclosed vertical-type composting facility designed to efficiently manage space and odors. Through thermal environment monitoring, we observed that the temperature rose to 67 °C on the first day of composting and gradually decreased to 28.9 °C as the composting progressed. Temperature variations based on height were analyzed by dividing the facility into layers. The validation of the model was conducted by comparing actual measurements with model data using contour maps, resulting in a correlation coefficient (R²) of 0.8, indicating the high reliability of the model. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the model in identifying and addressing issues in enclosed vertical-type composting facilities. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the model, which analyzes thermal environments, can be applied to automated operation systems for enhanced efficiency.